Fungsi

Jenis
Bahan
Kodisi operasi

:
:
:

Temperatur (T)
Tekanan (P)

:
:

Laju steam yang masuk

Densitas steam 120oC

C
bar
atm
Pa
Kg/jam

nxRXT
P
(462138kg/jam x 18 kmol/kg) x 1000 x (8.314 m3. Pa/mol.K )x 393.15 K
197995.3 Pa
423850.3 m3/jam

Daya blower dapat dihitung dengan persamaan,

P
=
144 X efisiensi x Laju alir volumetrik
33000
Efisiensi blower sentrifugal berkisar 69-75%, sehingga diambil

Interpolasi densitas steam

T
1.9

1.1184 kg/m3
(Steam karakteristik 0 bar sampai 30)

=
Laju alir volumetrik steam

120
1.98
1.954062
197995.3
462138

:
393.15

Laju alir volumetrik steam

Memompa steam menuju rotary dryer

blower sentrifugal
carbon steel

70%
=
=

144 X 0.7 X 423850.3

33000
1294.67 HP

1.98
2

Interpolasi densitas steam

Densitas(kg/m3)
1.076
1.1184
1.129

14 m3. Pa/mol.K )x 393.15 K

6. Reaktor
Fungsi :
Type :
Fixed Bed (catalytic) Reactor
Jumlah :
1 unit
Kondisi Operasi :
Tekanan :
235 kpa
=
Temperatur in:
460 C
=
Temperatur out:
680 C
=
1. Menentukan Kondisi umpan

2.467 atm
733 K
953 K

1.1 Menghitung berat molekul

komponen

BM (kg/kmol)

C6H6
O2
N2

kmol/jam

78 41.8501506
32 234.2771431
28 881.3283001
1157.455594

total

BM Campuran

mol/jam

Kg/jam

41850.151
234277.14
881328.3
1157455.6

3264.3117
7496.8686
24677.192
35438.373

yi

yi*Bmi

0.09211 7.184763
0.21155 6.769492
0.69634 19.49755
1.00000 33.4518

33.45180398 kg/kmol

1.2 Menghitung densitas umpan

T
P
R
Komponen
C6H6
O2
N2
Total
Pr = P/Pc
Tr = T/Tc'
Z

460 C
733 K
2.7137 atm
10% keamanan
0.082057 atm.m3/kmol.K
yi
0.09
0.21
0.70
1.00

Tc (K)
562.2
154.6
126.1

yi*Tc
51.785562
32.70511
87.808602
172.29927

Pc (kPa)
4898
5043
3394

Tc & Pc
daubert
Pc (atm )
yi*Pc
48.339489 4.452664
49.770527 10.52879
33.496167 23.32475
38.30621

0.0708423
4.2542257
1

Sehingga

densitas umpan

densitas MAN
Komposisi Keluar Reaktor
BM (Kg/Kmol)
kmol/jam
Kg/jam
Komponen
C6H6
78 2.614393927 203.92273
O2
32 22.30134903 713.64317
N2
28 881.3283001 24677.192
C2H4O3
76 26.03079367 1978.3403
CO2
44 127.0913653 5592.0201
H2O
18 90.27647635 1624.9766
C6H4O2
108
0.7
75.6
Total
1150.342678 34865.695
2. Spesifikasi Katalis
Nama :
Vanadium Oxide
Bentuk :
pellet
Diameter :
5 mm
Densitas:
3357 kg/m3
3.357 g/cm3

msds

1.509252 kg/m3
1.48 g/cm3
1480 kg/m3

Kg/jam
3264.3117
7496.8686
24677.192
35438.373

3. Menentukan Volume Reaktor

3.1 Menentukan Volume Katalis Dalam Reaktor
XA
0.9369
Dari persamaan kinetika:
dW
FA0
dimana :

dW
dX

dX
(-rA)

berat katalis
konversi reaksi

reaksi yang terjadi :

C6H6 + 4,5O2

FA0
(-rA)

molar flow dari feed

laju reaksi

C4H2O3 + 2CO2 + 2H2O

(-rA) =

k [CA * CB]

diketahui :

Qo =

m total
densitas campuran
23480.7521 m3/jam

Qo =

CA= nA/QoA 0.001782317 mol/m3

CB= nB/Q0B 0.009977412 mol/m3
konversi (X)

(literatur levenspiel hal. 101)

kg/jam
kg/m3
6.5224311

C A C A0 1 X A

CAo = CA/(1-XA)

0.9369
A=
E=
R=
k=

770000 min-1
turton analysis
25143 cal/mol
1.987 kal/(mol K)

= 0.028246 mol/m3

E
K A exp

RT

########### min-1
1.4704 s-1

(-rA) =
(-rA) =
FA0 =

sehingga :

k [CA * CB]
2.61479E-05 kgmol/s kg katalis
41.8501506 kmol/jam
0.011625042 kmol/s

dW
FA0

dX
(-rA)

dW
41.850151

0.9369
2.615E-05

jadi Berat KatalisWk

jadi Volume katalis :
Vk

1499524.1 kg

=
=
=

w/density
446.68575 m3
446685.75 Liter

3.2 Menentukan Volume Reaktor

3.2.1 Volume Reaktor Bagian Bawah (Reforming Zone)
Densitas campuran feed

1.509252 kg/m3

V
Fao

dXA
(-rA)

V
Fao

dXA
k [CA * CB]

levenspiel, hal 101

V
Fao

dXA
k Cao (1-XA) Cb

Fao
k Cao Cb

dXA
(1-XA)

Fao
k Cao Cb

(-) ln

77.512789 m3
77512.789 liter

=
=
=

V + Vk
524.19854 m3
524198.54 Liter

Volume Reaktor Bed

Vr

(1-XA)

Vproduk

Faktor Keamanan 10 % sehingga design Volume Reaktor bed

=
Vr
=
=

17.06622 m3/jam

1.1*Vr
576.61839 m3
576618.39 liter

3.1.4 Menghitung Residence Time ( )

V*CAo
FAo

levenspiel, hal 102

V*CAo
FAo

m3*mol/m3
kmol/s *1000

1.4010371 detik
0.0003892 jam

4. Menentukan Dimensi Reaktor

4.1 Tinggi dan Diameter Reaktor
Perbandingan tinggi dan diameter reaktor:
H
D
Volume reaktor Vr

=
=

2
1
1/4 D^2 H

H
Vr

=
=
=

2*D
1/4 D^2 2 D
1/4 2 D^3

576.61839
D^3
=

ID
H

4.2 Tinggi Katalis, Z

Volume Bed
=
Volume Bed
=
Diameter Bed =

Volume Bed

=
=
=
=
=
=

576.61839
1/4 2
367.27286
7.1613727
7.5
2*ID
14.322745
14.5

Volume katalis
1/4 D^2 Z
Diameter reaktor

446.6857477 m3

3000
1910.828
m
m

295.27559 in

m
m

isolasi diabaikan

=
Volume Bed
=
513.6886099 =
Z
=
=

513.6886099 m3

faktor keamanan 15%

1/4 D^2 Z
1/4 D^2 Z
12.75961943 m
13 m

Diameter Bed =
Diameter reaktor
jadi diameter bagian atas reaktor
=
Diameter Bed =
Volume reaktor (Vr) total
Berat katalis total

1275.9619 cm

7.5 m
7.5 m
576.61839 m3
1499524.1 kg

4.3 Menetukan Bentuk dan Ukuran Vessel

Temperatur :
460 C
860 F
Bahan konstruksiCarbon
:
steel SA-201 grade B (table 13.1 Brownell & Young) (T=650-1000 F dianjurkan)
Allowable stress, f :
6500 psi
Joint Efficiency, E :
0.8 (tabel 13.2 Brownel & Young)
Corrosion Factor, C: 0.125
2.1 Penentuan tebal shell, ts
2.1.1 Reaktor
ts
=

dimana :

P*R
+C
(f*E)-(0.6*P)

jari-jari shell
= 1/2 * D
=
3.75 m
tekanan design
= P proses * 10% keamanan
= 43.86858872 psi

147.6378 in

ts

P*R
+C
(f*E)-(0.6*P)

ts

=
=
=

1.3768484 in
0.034972 m
3.497195 cm

diameter luar shell,

OD
OD

(pers 13.1 Brownel & Young)

=
=
=

ID + 2ts
298.02929 in
7.5699439 m

3. Perancangan dimensi head (tutup) reaktor

Bentuk :
ellipsoidal head
material:
Carbon steel SA-201 grade B (table 13.1 Brownell & Young) (T=650-1000 F dianjurkan)
Joint Efficiency, E :
1 (tabel 13.2 Brownel & Young)
seamless head
Corrosion Factor, C: 0.125
3.1 Tebal head
th

th

=
=

P * ID
+C
(2*f*E)-(0.2*P)
1.1220824 in
0.0285009 m

=
3.2 Tinggi Head atas = bawah
Hha
=

Hha

2.8500894 cm

ID
6

pers 5.2, Brownell & Young

=
=
=

49.212598 in
1.25 m
125 cm

=
=
=

49.212598 in
1.25 m
125 cm

Hha=Hhb
Hhb

3.3 Menentukan Volume Head

dimana

V head atas (Vha)

=

V head bawah (Vhb)

Vha
Vha

=
=
=
=

0.000076*ID3
1956.5738 in3
0.0320624 m3
32.061735 liter

V sf

1/4 D^2* sf

sf

4.5 table 5.11, Brownwll & Young

Vsf

=
=
=
=

1/4 D^2* sf
307990.46 in3
5.0470397 m3
5046.939 liter

Vha total
Vha

=
=
=
=

Vh + Vsf
309947.03 in3
5.079102 m3
5079.0007 liter

Vhb

=
=

5.079102 m3
5079.0007 liter

3.4 Menentukan Ukuran Total Reaktor

3.4.1 Tinggi Total Reaktor (Htotal)
Htotal
=
dimana:

pers 5.14, Brownell

Hs + Hhb + Hha

Hs :
Hhb :
Hha:

tinggi total shell

tinggi head bagian bawah
tinggi head bagian atas

14.322745 m
1.25 m
1.25 m

Htotal

Hs + Hhb + Hha

Htotal

=
=

16.822745 m
17 m

dibulatkan

straight flange

3.4.2 Volume Total Reaktor (Vtotal)

Vtotal
=
Vra + Hha + Hhb
Vr :
Volume reaktor (cylinder)
576.61839 m3
Hha :
Volume head bagian atas
0.0320624 m3
Hhb :
Volume head bagian bawah
5.079102 m3

Vtotal

Vtotal

=
=
=
=

5. Menghitung Tebal Insulasi

1watt = 14.340 cal/min
Bahan isolasi : Fiber Insulation Board
Q Total :
18113968 KJ/jam
Tebal dinding reaktor :0.0350 m
Jari-jari ID (R1) :
3.7500 m
Jari-jari OD (R2) :
3.7850 m
Panjang area (L) :
17.0000 m
Luas area ID (A1): 400.3500 m2

576618.4 liter
5079.001 liter
5079.001 liter

Vr + Hsa + Hhb
581.72956
600
586776.39
600000

m3
m3
liter
liter

dibulatkan
dibulatkan

21052.961 Watt

A = 2RL

Luas area OD (A2): 404.0836 m2

Luas area
402.2139 m2
logaritmik (AALM)
Temperatur bagian

460.00 oC

733.00 K

30 oC

303 K

dalam (T1):
Temperatur bagian

luar (T3) :
Konduktifitas termal
45 W/mK
material reaktor (KA) :
Konduktifitas termal 0.048 W/mK
material isolasi (KB) :

RA

[Geankoplis, App A.3-15]

[Geankoplis, App A.3-15]

R 2 R1
KA. A ALM

Resistance A (RA)1.9322E-06
:
Temperatur
732.959 K
interface (T2) :

460.0 C

H. Menghitung tebal isolasi

T1 T2
R2 R1 / K A . AALM

T2 T1 R2 R1 / K A . AALM Q
Keterangan :

= Isolasi (B)

= Reaktor (A)

T2 T3
T1 T2

R2 R1 /K A.AALM R3 R2 /KB .ABLM

[Geankoplis, persamaan 4.3-5,hal 225]

Dimana :

R R1
R A dan 2
K A . AALM

RB

R3 R2
KB.ABLM

Maka :

R
K

.A

BLM

T1

A3 A2

Dan
A3
ln
A

Maka :

KB

R3 R2

2 L R 3

R3

ln
R

R3

ln
R

K B 2 L

R3
ln
R
2

T
Q

T1 T 3
Q

T1

T3
Q

2L

T T3

2L 1

R
A
Q

T1 T3
RA
Q

T1 T3

RA

R3 e

T
R

A2 2 R 2 L

R3 R2

2R3 L 2R2 L

2R3 L

ln
2R L

T
R B

A3 2R3 L

Dimana :
ABLM

R2

Jari-jari OD
insulasi (R3) :
Tebal isolasi
[R3 - R2] (dr) :

4.2026 m
0.417590 m

Kode
R-601
Satuan
Tipe
Fixed bed (catalytic) reaktor
Volume raktor
600
m3
Volume Katalis
446.69
m3
Recidence Time
1.4
s
Tekanan
2.71
atm
Temperatur
460
C
Tinggi reaktor
17
m
Diameter
7.5
m
Tebal Shell
1.38
in
Tebal head
1.12
in
Tebal isolasi
0.42
m
Volume head
5.08
m3

41.7590 cm