INTEGRASI NUMERIK
INTEGRASI NUMERIK
ax n +1
ax dx = n + 1 + C
ax
e
ax
e
dx = a + C
sin(ax + b)dx = 1 a cos(a + b) + C
cos(ax + b)dx = 1 a sin(a + b) + C
1
xdx = ln | x | +C
n
2 + cos(1 + x 2 )
1 + 0.5 sin x
e 0.5 x dx
ln | x |dx = x ln | x | x + C
INTEGRASI NUMERIK
f(x)
x0
f ( x)dx ci f ( xi )
i =0
= c0 f ( x0 ) + c1 f ( x1 ) + ... + cn f ( xn )
x1
xn-1
xn
10
0
3
11
13
15
I=
f ( x )dx
f n ( x )dx
f n ( x ) = a0 + a1 x + + an 1 x n 1 + an x n
INTEGRASI NUMERIK
f (x )dx
a
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
= f ( xi )xi
i =0
Dimana x0 = x1 = x 2 = ... = x n = h
n
Didapat b
f (x )dx = h f (xi )
a
i =0
L=
Contoh
x 2 dx
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Contoh
10
L = h. f ( xi )
i =0
= 0.1(0 + 0.01 + 0.04 + 0.09 + 0.16 + 0.25 + 0.36 + 0.49 + 0.64 + 0.81 + 1.00 )
= (0.1)(3,85) = 0,385
Secara kalkulus :
1
L = x 2 dx = x 3 |10 = 0,3333.....
3
0
L = h. f ( xi )
i =0
f ( x )dx c i f ( x i ) = c0 f ( x0 ) + c 1 f ( x 1 )
i =0
h
= [ f ( x0 ) + f ( x 1 )]
2
f(x)
L(x)
x0
x1
Aturan Komposisi
Trapesium
f ( x )dx =
x1
x0
x2
xn
x1
xn 1
f ( x )dx + f ( x )dx + +
f ( x )dx
h
[ f ( x0 ) + f ( x 1 ) ] + h [ f ( x 1 ) + f ( x 2 ) ] + + h [ f ( x n 1 ) + f ( x n ) ]
2
2
2
h
= [ f ( x0 ) + 2 f ( x 1 ) + + 2f ( x i ) + + 2 f ( x n 1 ) + f ( x n )]
2
f(x)
ba
h=
n
x0
x1
x2
x3
x4
Metode Integrasi
Trapezoida
1
Li = ( f ( xi ) + f ( xi +1 )).xi
2
atau
1
Li = ( f i + f i +1 ).xi
2
L = Li
n 1
i =0
h
1
L = h( f i + f i +1 ) = ( f 0 + 2 f1 + 2 f 2 + ... + 2 f n 1 + f n )
2
i =0 2
n 1
h
L = f 0 + 2 f i + f n
2
i =1
Algoritma Metode
Integrasi Trapezoida
Definisikan y=f(x)
Tentukan batas bawah (a) dan batas
atas integrasi (b)
Tentukan jumlah pembagi n
Hitung h=(b-a)/n
Hitung
n 1
L=
f 0 + 2 f i + f n
2
i =1
h
[ f ( x0 ) + 4 f ( x 1 ) + f ( x 2 )]
3
L(x)
f(x)
x0
x1
x2
x = x1 = 0
x = x = 1
2
let
x0 = a, x 2 = b, x 1 =
L( ) =
( 1)
2
f ( x0 ) + ( 1 2 ) f ( x 1 ) +
( + 1)
2
f ( x2 )
( 1)
2
f ( x0 ) + ( 1 ) f ( x 1 ) +
2
( + 1)
2
f ( x2 )
h 1
f ( x)dx h L( )d = f ( x0 ) ( 1)d
1
2 1
1
h 1
2
+ f ( x1 )h ( 1 )d + f ( x2 ) ( + 1)d
0
2 1
1
= f ( x0 ) ( ) + f ( x1 )h( )
2 3 2 1
3 1
3
+ f ( x2 ) ( + )
2 3 2 1
3
h
f ( x )dx = [ f ( x0 ) + 4 f ( x 1 ) + f ( x 2 )]
3
Aturan Komposisi
Simpson
ba
h=
n
f(x)
...
x0 h x1 h x2 h x3 h
x4
xn-2 xn-1
xn
h
h
h
h
h
h
L= ( f0 +2f1) + (2f1 + f2) + ( f2 +2f3) + (2f3 + f4) +...+ ( fn2 +2fn1) + (2fn1 + fn)
3
3
3
3
3
3
atau dapat dituliskan dengan:
h
L = f 0 + 4 f i + 2 f i + f n
3
i ganjil
i genap
Cara II
p 2 x = f ( x0 ) +
x
x ( x h) 2
x
x ( x h) 2
f
(
x
)
f
f
f0
f ( x 0 ) +
=
+
+
0
0
0
2
2
h
h
2!h
2!h
Cara II
L=
2h
f ( x)dx = p
0
xdx
2h
x
x ( x h) 2
L = f 0 + f 0 +
f 0 dx
2
h
2!h
0
x3
x2
x2
L = f0 x +
f 0 + 2 2
2h
4h
6h
2
f 0 | xx ==02 h
8h 3 4 h 2 2
4h 2
f 0
L = 2hf 0 x +
f 0 + 2
2h
4h
6h
4h
L = 2hf 0 x + 2hf 0 +
h 2 f 0
3
h
L = 2hf 0 x + 2hf 0 + 2 f 0
3
Cara II
Mengingat
f 0 = f1 f 0
2 f 0 = f 1 f 0 = ( f 2 f 1 ) ( f 1 f 0 ) = f 2 2 f 1 + f 0
Maka selanjutnya
h
L = 2hf 0 x + 2h( f1 f 0 ) + ( f 2 2 f1 + f 0 )
3
2h
h
h
L = 2hf 0 x + 2hf1 2hf 0 + f 2
f1 + f 0
3
3
3
4h
h
h
L = f0 +
f1 + f 2
3
3
3
h
L = ( f 0 + 4 f1 + f 2 )
3
f ( x )dx c i f ( x i ) = c0 f ( x0 ) + c 1 f ( x 1 ) + c 2 f ( x 2 ) + c 3 f ( x 3 )
i =0
3h
[ f ( x0 ) + 3 f ( x 1 ) + 3 f ( x 2 ) + f ( x 3 )]
8
L(x)
x0
f(x)
x1
x2
x3
( x x1 )( x x 2 )( x x 3 )
( x x0 )( x x 2 )( x x 3 )
f ( x0 ) +
f ( x1 )
( x0 x 1 )( x0 x 2 )( x0 x 3 )
( x 1 x0 )( x 1 x 2 )( x1 x 3 )
( x x0 )( x x1 )( x x 3 )
( x x0 )( x x1 )( x x 2 )
f ( x2 ) +
f ( x3 )
( x 2 x0 )( x 2 x 1 )( x 2 x 3 )
( x 3 x0 )( x 3 x1 )( x 3 x 2 )
f(x)dx
ba
L(x)dx ; h =
3
3h
[ f ( x0 ) + 3 f ( x 1 ) + 3 f ( x 2 ) + f ( x 3 )]
=
8
Error Pemenggalan
(b a)5 ( 4 )
ba
3 5 (4)
f ( ) ; h =
h f ( ) =
Et =
3
6480
80
H sama
Luas dihitung dari a sampai b
h
I = f (x)dx ( f (1) + f (1)) f (1) + f (1)
2
1
h=2
I=
f ( x)dx c
f ( x1 ) + c 2 f ( x 2 )
I=
c1 + c 2 = 1dx = 2
f ( x)dx c
f ( x1 ) + c 2 f ( x 2 )
c1 x1 + c 2 x 2 = xdx = 0
Didapat
c1 = c 2 = 1
c1 x12 + c 2 x 22 = x 2 dx = 2
1
1
c x + c 2 x = x dx = 0
3
1 1
3
2
x1 =
1
3
x2 =
1
3
f ( x)dx =
f(
1
3
)+ f(
1
3
Transformasi
b
Li = f ( x)dx
a
Li = g (u )du
1
Transformasi
x a u +1
=
2
ba
2 x 2a = (u + 1)(b + a )
2 x = (u + 1)(b + a ) + 2a
a + b + bu au
x=
2
(a + b) + (b a )u
x=
2
ba
dx =
du
2
-1
Transformasi
1
Li = g (u )du
1
1
g (u ) =
(b a ) f
2
(12 ( b
a )u +
1
2
(b + a ) )
1
( a + b ) + (b a )u
=
g
u
du
b
a
f
(
)
(
)
1
1
2
2
1
du
Analisa
g (u )du
1
(b a )u + 1 (b + a)
2
2
Hitung
1
(b a ) f ( 12 (b a )u + 12 (b + a ) )
2
1
1
+ g
L = g
3
3
Contoh Soal
I=
f ( x)dx c
f ( x1 ) + c 2 f ( x 2 ) + c3 f ( x3 )
f ( x) = 1; f ( x) = x; f ( x) = x 2
f ( x) = x 3 ; f ( x) = x 4 ; f ( x) = x 5
(
)
g
u
du
g
g
g
(
)
0
+
+
=
1
9
5 9
9 5
1
Skala 1:100000
0
10
15
Untuk menghitung luas integral di peta di atas, yang perlu dilakukan adalah menandai
atau membuat garis grid pada setiap step satuan h yang dinyatakan dalam satu kotak.
Bila satu kotak mewakili 1 mm, dengan skala yang tertera maka berarti panjangnya
adalah 100.000 mm atau 100 m.
Pada gambar di atas, mulai sisi kiri dengan grid ke 0 dan sisi kanan grid ke n (dalam hal
ini n=22). Tinggi pada setiap grid adalah sebagai berikut:
L = h y i = 73.5
i =0
h
L = y 0 + y16 + 2 y i = 73.5
2
i =1
h
L = y 0 + y16 + 4 y i + 2 y i = 74
3
i = ganjil
i = genap
L p = 2 f ( x)dx
a
V p = [ f ( x)] dx
a
Contoh :
5
cm
7
cm
II
6
cm
III
12
cm
4
cm
satuan dalam cm
Bagian I:
LI = 2 (4)(7) = 56
V I = (4)(7) 2 = 196
7
cm
IV
Bagian II:
Contoh :
h
LII ( LIV ) = 2 y 0 + y5 + 2 yi = 108
2
i =1
h 2
2
V II (= V IV ) = y 0 + y5 + 2 y i2 = 1187.5
2
i =1
Contoh :
= 560
= 1758.4
V = V I + V II + V III + V IV
= 196 + 1187.5 + 3456 + 1187.5
= 6024