Pemahaman dB

dB desibel (0,1 bell ) adalah

perbandingan dua buah besaran
power dalam bentuk logaritma

G= 10 log p2/ p1 dB

p1 = 6 mw dan g = 15 maka p2=90 mw p2=615 mw

P2
G=P10
1 log 15 = 11,8GdB

g = p2/p1

p1=0,10 watt dan g=1/5 maka p2=0,02p2=0,101/5

G = 10 log 1/5 = -7 dB
10 log 1 10 log 5 = 0-7=-7

 p1= 3.5 mw

g = 325 x

p2=

10 log p2/1mw = 10 log p1/1mw + 10 log 325 =

5.2 dBm + 25 dB =
30.2 dBm
P1= 3.5 w
g= 325
p2=
10 log p2/1w = 10 log p1/1w + 10 log 325 =

30.2 dBw
=5.2 dBw + 25 dB =

0 dbw =
dbm
10 log p2/1w p2= 1 W
0 dbw = 10 log 1w/1mw dbm = 30 dbm
0dbw + 5 dB = 5 dbw = 30 dbm + 5dB= 35 dBm

 35 dbm = 10 log p2/1mw p2 = 3162 mw

30 dbm + 5 dB= 1000mw x 3,162 = 3162
mw


p1
g
p2 = p1 x g

mw
mw
10 log (p2/1mw) = 10 log (p1/1mw) + 10 log g

P2 dbm
= P1 dBm + G

= 16 dBm + 20 dB = 36 dBm
16 dbm = 10 dB + 6 dB
10 x 4 = 40 mw

 0 dbw = 30 dbm
10 log 1W/1W = 10 log 1w/1mw=30 dbm
5 dbw =30 dbm + 5 dB = 35 dbm

0 dBw = 30 dBm
10 log p /1w = 0 p = 1w
10 log 1w/1mw= 30 dbm
5 dBw = 0dBw + 5 dB=
30 dBm + 5dB= 35 dBm
Dimensi dB = tidak ada hanya angka

dbm , dbw dll.

p1
P1

g
G

p2
P2

Jika G = 10 log p2/p1

dB
P1= 10 log p1/1 mw dBm
atau = 10 log p1/1 w
dBw

maka

w atau m sesudah dB hanya merupakan index untuk mengingatkan bahwa

perbandingan terhadap watt atau mwatt.

dBm,dBw dan dB tidak berdimensi.

Jika p1 = 1 watt maka

P1=10 log 1watt/1watt= 0 dBw
Atau
P1=10 log 1 watt/1mw=30 dBm
Maka
0 dBw = 30 dBm
10 dBw =
dbm 37.5 dbm= dbw
10 dBw = 40 dbm
20 dBm =
dBw 30 dbm - 10 db=
20 dBm = - 10 dBw
0 dbw -10 dB=

 10 log 2 = 3
10 log 10 = 10

10 log 3 = 4,8

1
2 2.5 3
4
5
6
7
8 9
10
0 1 2 3 4 5*
6
7
8* 8.5
9 9,54 10
1 db 1,25 x
2 db 1,6 x
3 db 2x
36 x 6 x 6
9x4
15.54 dB
37 x
15.57 dB
73 x
18.63
47 dB
5 .104
x
3573 x 30+ 5.4=35,42db
42,5 dBm = 1,8 104 mw
17782 mw ( calculator )

Num 1 1,25 1,6 2

dB 0 1 2
3

2,5
4

Num 10.000 40 dB

3
4
5
6
7
8 9 10
5
6
7
8
8,5
9 9,5 10
(4,77)
(7,77)
9,54
36 = 6 x 6 atau 9 x 4
= 7,8 + 7,8 = 9,54+6=15,54 dB

maka

num 37 =
num 37 = 15,6

NUM

1 1,25 1,6

2.5 3

0 1 2 3

5*

dB

dB
dB

num 72 = 18,54 dB
num 73 = 18,62 dB
4
6

5
7

6
8

7
8.5

8
9

9
9,5

10 Log 2 = 3
10 log 3 = 4.8
10 log 10 = 10
10 log 4 = 6
10 log 5 =7
10 log 8 = 9 dB
10 log 9 = 9,5
10 log 1,6 = 2
10 log 2,5 = 4
10 log 7 =
4 6 5 -7 6 -7.8 7 - 8.5
8 -9
8

Berapakah numeriknya :
47 dB =
x
40 + 7 5. 104 x

- 53 dB =
-60 +7

Apakah artinya Power Ddensity = 100 dBw/Hz.

x
5 10-6
pd= 10-10 w/Hz

Jika bandwdith = 10000 Hz berapakah powernya?

jawab : P = - 100 dBw/Hz + 40 dBHz= - 60 dBw

-100 dbW/hz


1 mw
>
45 x
0 dB
0 dbm
16.5 dbm

0 dbm + 0 dB = 0 dbm
35 mw
1/45 x >
- 16.5 dB
15.5 dbm
-1 dbm

4 mw
6dBm

1/16
3200
10
-12
35
10
dB -6dbm dB
29dbm dB

39
dBm

Pout = 6 12 + 35 + 10 dbm =39 dbm

4 x 1/16 x 3200 x10 = 8000 mw 39 dBm
G = 10 log P2 / P1

Jika tegangan pada titik 1 = E1

dan tegangan pada titik 2 = E2
Maka G = 10 log (E22/E12)

G =20 log (E2/E1)

P = E2/R

P = E2/R
1
karena E adalah teg

20 dBm= 10 log 1 mw/mw

0 dB

10 log 2 mw/mw
10 log 2 mw/1mw= 3 dBm

20 dBm

jawab 3 dBm karena 0 dbm=1mw

0 dBm

? dBm 10 log mw/mw = - 3 dBm

? dBm

Masing masing - 3 dBm

0 dbm+0 dBm=3dBm
5 dbm+5 dBm=5dBm+3 dB
0 dbm + 0 dB = 0 dbm

20 dBm+20 dBm=20dBm + 3db=23 dbm

23 dBm+23 dBm=23dbm + 3dB= 26 dbm

0 dbm
5 dbm
4 dB
5 dbm

12 dbm

0 dB

0 dBm

20 dbm + 20 dbm = 23 dbm

20 dbm + 19 dbm = 22.5 dbm
20 dbm + 18 dbm = 22.1 dbm
20 dbm + 17 dbm = 21.8 dbm
20 dbm + 16 dbm = 21.5 dbm
140 mw 7 x 2 x 10

20 dbm + 20 dbm = 23 dbm

20 dbm + 19 dbm = 22.5 dbm
20 dbm + 18 dbm = 22.1 dbm
20 dbm + 17 dbm = 21.8 dbm

P1

P2

P1+
P2

20

20

23

3.0

20

19

22.5

2.5

0.5

20

18

22.1

2.1

0.4

20

17

21.8

1.8

0.3

20

16

21.5

1.5

0.3

20

15

21.2

1.2

0.3

20

14

21

1.0

0.2

20

13

20.8

0.8

0.2

20

12

20.6

0.6

0.2

20

11

20.5

0.5

0.1

20

10

20.4

10

0.4

0.1

20

20.3

11

0.30

0.1

20

20.25

12

0.25

20

20.21

13

0.21

20

20.18

14

0.18

20

20.15

15

0.15

20

20.12

16

0.12

koreksi

 hitunglah:43 dBm+40 dBm =

=3 koreksi=1,8 hasil= 44,8 dbm
25dBm+20dBm+27dbm+19dBm+28dBm=
=5 kor 1,2
=8 kor 0,6
26,2dBm
27,6dBm
28dbm =
=1,4 kor 1,3
29.9 dbm
28 dbm
=2 kor 2,1
= 32 dbm
Hitunglah: 3 dBm +4 dBm +5 dBm =
-23dbm+-15dbm+-18dbm+26dbm= dbm

25= 10 log x

25dBm+20dBm+27dbm+19dBm+28dBm=
26.2 dbm + 27.6 dbm + 28 dbm =
29.9 dbm + 28 dbm = 32.05 dbm
17 dbm + 23 dbm + 19 dbm + 25 dbm +
27 dbm =
24 + 26 + 27 = 28.1 + 27 = 30.6 dbm

25dBm+20dBm+27dbm+19dBm+28dBm=
26.2 dbm + 30.5 db+ 19 dbm
26.8 dbm + 30.5 dbm = 32.1
17 dbm+23dbm+22 dbm+13dbm+2 dbm =
18.5 dbm + 25.5 dbm + 2 dbm =
26.3 dbm + 2 dbm = 26.3
18 dbm + 4 dbm = 18.1 dbm

c/n1=a x(numeric) c/n2 = b x ( numeric)

maka
C
n1
C/ntotal
n2
n1=c/a n2=c/b n1+n2=c/a + c/b c/nt=c/(n1+n2)
c/nt= c/(c/a + c/b)
c/nt = 1/(1/a + 1/b)
Dengan demikian c/nt= 1/(a-1+b-1)
c/nt=1/(c/n1-1+c/n2-1) secara dB
10 log 1- 10 log (c/n1-1+c/n2-1) =
C/Nt= - 10 log [(c/n1-1+c/n2-1)] dB
C/N1 = 20 dB C/N2=20 dB berapakah C/(N1+N2)?
Jawab : N1=N2 maka N1+N2 = 2 N1
C/Nt = C/2N1 = C/N1 - 3 maka C/Nt= C/N1-3 dB

C/N1 = 20 dB
C/N2 = 20 dB
N1= N2
C/2N1 =C/N1 10 log 2
= C/N1 3
C/N1 = 20
C/N2 = 21 =20 + 1
c/n1 = 100
c/n2= 126
C/Nt= - 10 log [(c/n1-1+c/n2-1)] dB
C/Nt = -10 log (1/100 +1/126)=17.5
C/(N1+N2) =

 20 db
25 db
18.8 db
100 x
316 x
-10 log ( 1/100 + 1/316)= 18.8

C/N1 C/N2 C/Nt=

koreksi
dari yang kecil
20 20
17
0
3
20 21
17,5
1
2,5
20 22
17,9
2
2,1
20 23
18,2
3
1,8
20 24
18,5
4
1,5
20 25
18,8
5
1,2
20 26
19
6
1
20 27
19,2
7
0,8
20 28
19,4
8
0,6
20 29
19,5
9
0,5
20 30
19,6 10
0,4
20 31
19,7
11
0,3
20 32
19,74 12
0,25
20 33
19,79 13
0,21

 tentukan C/Nt jika C/N1=17 C/N2=23

C/N3=20 C/N4=28 dan C/N5=16 dB
dengan menggunakan kalkulator dan juga
tabel diatas. Jawab. 14.4 dB
16 19.4 16
13 19.4 = 12.1 dB
1/50
1/200 1/100 1/630
1/40

A
B

point to
mesh
multi point
multipoint t mtp
Hub by operator:

star
by operator

1. Seizure
2.Idle tone (dial tone)
3. Dial
4. Connection by
5. Operator
6. Ringing tone
7. Answer
8. session
9. Release sign both party
10. operator disconnect
11. Operator mark the start time (6) and stop time (10)

Mesh and star

Quarter
Nary

Trunk circuit

tertiary

Trunk Circuit

Secondary

Trunk Circuit

Primary

Trunk Circuit

Local

Mesh and star

Manage by exchange
hirarchi.

Junction Circuit

Sentral tandem
Untuk transit / jika sibuk.

Kapasitas / kemampuan operator menentukan :

- Kecepatan penyambungan
- Jumlah nomor yang dapat dilayaninya
- Lamanya menanti idle (dial tone)
Singkatnya : KJM ( Kapasitas Jual Maksimum )
Apakah yang terjadi jika yang minta disambungkan banyak dan
operator tak mampu melayaninya ?

Routing diperlukan bila:

- Jalur langsung sibuk
- Hubungan langsung
tidak banyak.

Altenate route
Route langsung

Q 62 - Ind

Q 61 - Australia

Q 65 Singapura

T62-2 Jbr /jtg ( jkt)

T62- 3 Jatim NT (sb)

T62- 9Ind tmr (UP)

S62-21 Jakarta

S62- 22 Bandung

S62- 24 Semarang

P62-21-8 JKT timur

P62-21-7 JKT selatan

P62-21-5 JKT barat

L62-21-819
xxxxCawang

L62- 21-829 xxxx Tebet

L62- 21-811 xxxx