UJI ANTIMUTAGENIK EKSTRAK ETANOL BUNGA JANTAN PEPAYA

(Carica papaya L.f.) PADA MENCIT JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI

DENGAN SIKLOFOSFAMID

ABSTRAK
Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) merupakan tumbuhan yang tersebar hampir di
seluruh Indonesia. Bunga jantan tumbuhan pepaya sering dikonsumsi oleh
masyarakat sebagai sayur. Masyarakat sudah memanfaatkan daun dan getah
tumbuhan pepaya untuk mengobati malaria dan menghilangkan kutil. Penelitian
ini bertujuan untuk melakukan karakterisasi, skrining fitokimia, dan uji
antimutagenik ekstrak etanol bunga pepaya jantan (Caricae flos) pada mencit
jantan yang diinduksi dengan siklofosfamid.
Terhadap serbuk simplisia bunga pepaya jantan dilakukan karakterisasi
meliputi penetapan kadar air, kadar sari larut air, kadar sari larut etanol, kadar abu
total dan kadar sari tidak larut asam. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan terhadap serbuk
simplisia untuk memeriksa golongan senyawa alkaloida, flavonoida, steroidatriterpenoida, glikosida, antraqinon dan tanin. Ekstraksi dilakukan secara
maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 80%, maserat yang diperoleh diuapkan dengan
bantuan rotary evaporator sampai diperoleh ekstrak kental, selanjutnya ekstrak di
freeze dryer pada suhu -40 oC. Ekstrak yang diperoleh diuji efek antimutagenik
terhadap mencit jantan yang diinduksi menggunakan siklofosfamida (50 mg/kg
BB) secara intraperitonial. Ekstrak etanol bunga pepaya jantan diberikan secara
oral pada dosis 250 mg/kg BB, 500 mg/kg BB, dan 750 mg/kg BB. Aktifitas
antimutagenik ditunjukkan oleh adanya penurunan jumlah mikronukleus dalam
setiap 400 sel eritrosit polikromatik pada preparat apusan sumsum tulang femur
mencit.
Hasil karakterisasi simplisia diperoleh kadar air 7,32%, kadar sari larut
dalam air 19,25%, kadar sari larut dalam etanol 10,61%, kadar abu total 2,52%
dan kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam 0,22%. Hasil skrining fitokimia simplisia
bunga pepaya jantan terdapat senyawa-senyawa golongan flavonoida, steroidaterpenoida, dan tanin. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa pemberian
ekstrak etanol bunga pepaya jantan mampu menurunkan jumlah mikronukleus
pada 400 sel eritrosit polikromatik yang terdapat pada apusan sumsum tulang
femur mencit. Pemberian ekstrak etanol bunga pepaya jantan dosis 750 mg/kg BB
memberikan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol normal (p < 0,05).
Pemberian ekstrak etanol bunga pepaya jantan dosis 750 mg/kg BB memberikan
hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pada pemberian dosis 250 dan 500
mg/kg.
Kata Kunci: ekstrak etanol bunga pepaya jantan, antimutagenik, mikronukleus.

Universitas Sumatera Utara

ANTIMUTAGENIC TEST OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT MALE PAPAYA

FLOWERS (Carica papaya L.f.) IN INDUCIBLE MALE MICE WITH
CYCLOPHOSPAMIDE
ABSTRACT
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a plant that spread almost over Indonesia.
Male flowers (Caricae flos) of this plant are often consumed by the public as a
vegetable. People already use the leaves and sap of this plant to treat malaria and
elimininate the warts. This study aims to perform characterization of simplicia
male papaya flower, phytochemical screening of simplicia and antimutagenic
testing of ethanol exctract male papaya flower in mice of which induced by
cyclophosphamide.
Simplicia powder the male papaya flowers characterization includes the
assay of water content, assay of water-soluble exctract, assay of ethanol-soluble
extract, determination of total ash content and assay of acid-insoluble extract.
Phytochemical screening carried out on simplicia powders to examine the
compounds of alkaloide, flavonoide, steroide-triterpenoide, glycoside, antraqinone
and tannins. Extraction is don in maceration with solvent ethanol 80%, the
maserat obtained was evaporated with the aid to a rotary evaporator to viscous of
exctract, then exctract dryed with freeze dryer at temperature of -40 oC. Exctract
obtained were tested antimutagenic effect on male mice of which induced using
cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg BW) intraperitonial. Ethanol exctract of male
papaya administrated orally at doses of 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg BW.
Antimutagenic activity shown by a decrease in the number of micronucleus in
polychromatic erythrocytes per 400 cells in smear preparations femur
bonemarrow of mice.
The results of characterization simplicia obtained water content 7.32%,
content of water soluble extract 19.25%, content of ethanol soluble extract
10.61%, content of total ash 2.52% and content of ash insoluble in acid 0.22%.
The results of screening phytochemical male papaya flowers are contain class of
compounds flavonoide, steroide-triterpenoide, and tannins. Results of statistical
showed that administration ethanol exctract of male papaya flowers capable
lowering the number of micronucleus polychromatic erythrocytes at 400 cells
contined in the femur bonemarrow smears of mice. Administrated of ethanol male
papaya exctract at doses 759 mg/kg BW shown results that there is not different
significantly from normal controls (p<0.05). Ethanol exctract of papaya male
flowers doses of 750 mg/kg BW gives better results than doses 250 and 500
mg/kg BW.

Keywords: ethanol exctract of male papaya flowers, antimutagenic,

micronucleus.

Universitas Sumatera Utara