Banjir
Definisi Banjir
Chow (1956): A flood is a relatively high
flow which overtaxes the natural channel
provided for runoff.
Rostvedt et al. (1968):A flood is any high
streamflow which overtops natural or
artificial banks of a stream.
Ward (1978): A flood is a body of water
which rises to overflow land which is not
normally submerged.
Banjir:
Luapan aliran akibat air atau bentuk air lain yg
melebihi normalnya, atau penumpukan air
akibat pengaliran di suatu daerah yg biasanya
terendam (flood)
Banjir bandang:
Banjir yg berlangsung dlm selang waktu pendek dg
puncak debit yg cukup tinggi
Banjir tahunan:
Debit puncak harian yg tertinggi dalam tahun air,
atau
Banjir yg ketinggiannya sama atau melebihi ratarata tahunannya
Jenis Banjir
Jenis banjir:
Banjir di sungai (river floods)
Terjadi pada bantaran
Terdapat debit yang melebihi kapasitas
Penyebab Banjir
Hujan
Lelehan
salju
Penyumbatan
penampang
Tanah
longsor
Keruntuhan
Bendungan
Badai
Gempa
Bumi
Interaksi
sungai dan
pasut
Banjirdi
diSungai
Sungai
Banjir
Faktor
DAS
Jaringan
Drainase
Banjirdi
di
Banjir
Muara/ /Pantai
Pantai
Muara
Saluran
Bentuk
Muara
Bentuk
Garis
Pantai
Gradien
Kedalaman
Reservoir
Storage reservoir: pelepasan tampungan
dengan controlled variable gate
Retarding basin: pelepasan tampungan
dengan fixed outlet
Tanggul Tanah
Tanggul Beton
Tanggul Beton
Lokasi Penanggulan
Lokasi Penanggulan
Lokasi Penanggulan
External
versus
Internal
Drainage
(local)
Internal
Drainage:
Excessive
Flood
Flood from
upstream
External
Drainage:
conveyance of
managable flood
peaks
Internal
Drainage Canal
(local drainage
infrastructure)
In Indonesia
mostly
combination of
external and
internal drainage
problems
Upper
Catchment
Area
River
Mouth
Embankments
(external
drainage
4. COMPONENTS
Component
A. Upstream /
Downstream
Basin Council,
Spatial
Planning
Mass Campaign,
Research/ Capacity
Building/Regulations
Hydrologic
Equipment
B. Upper
Catchment
District Plans,
Action Plans
Demonstration Plots,
Groups, Reforestation
C. Flood Plain
Flood Risk
Zoning
Building Code,
Training,Regulation
N/A
D. Conveyance
Peak Reduction
Participatory
Design/Constr
River Management,
Rational O&M plans
River Normalizing,
Dykes, Storage
E. Emergency
Management
F. Basin
Governance
Emergency
Flood Warning, Group
Coordination
Formation, Stimulant
Governance
Financing
synchronzation
1.3 Flood
Management
Meteorolog
ic
Conditions
Concept: provide
optimal solution
D. Flood
for complete
Conveyance
problem
Infrastructur
(practical/effective
e
, sustainable)
Condition
Upper
Catchment
External
Flood
B.
Conservation
Upper
Catchment
River Capacity
(Mostly 20 years)
Excessive
Flood
(Q > 20 years)
Managed
Limited Damages
(not
managed)
(high
damages)
E. Emergency Management,
before, during, after flood
Reduce potential
flood damages
Regulations to
reduce damages
from / during floods
for each zone
Building Codes
Flood Risk
Map
Support
from
FMSB
Studies on potential
for flood plain
management
Flood Plain
Management (spatial
plans for specific
zones / areas)
Integrated Land Use
Planning in Flood
Plain
Specific
Training
UPSTREAM/DOWNSTREAM BASIN
COORDINATION
1. Institutional strenghtening: assist establising
Provensial/Basin water resources council + secretariat
(Dewan air Wilayah Sungai)
2.Master Plan Water Resources (BWRMP= Basin Water
Resources Management Plan): integrated Long Term
Water resources and flood management Planning,
integrating upstream and downstream interest, based
on review of existing plan
3.Master Plan Land Use (spasial planning):
Distributing land use function, regulation to
maintain/inprove function; integration between various
levels (Nation/Province/District and Basin) and with
Water Resources
4. National Coordination: policy, system rationalization
a.
b.
PENGELOLAAN PRASARANA
PENGAIRAN (INFRASTUCTURE
MANAGEMENT)
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT
Partisipasi masyarakat sangat penting dan
merupakan tindakan strategis yang diperlukan
dalam perencanaan, pelaksanaan, evaluasi
pengembangan SDA.
Umumnya berwujud peran serta dalam proses
pengambilan keputusan dan dpt menggali
dana masyarakat
Tujuan akhir yang hendak dicapai dari usaha
penyertaan peran masyarakat dlm
pengambilan keputusan yaitu :
tumbuhnya aliansi strategis antara pemerintah
dan masyarakat (strategic partnership)
GS
BANJIR
DATARAN BANJIR
(FLOOD PLAIN)
DATARAN BANJIR
SUNGAI
BANJIR
BANJIRDAN
DANMASALAH
MASALAHBANJIR
BANJIR
TRADISIONALOK
TRADISIONALOK
NO
NOPROBLEM
PROBLEM
GS
GS
JIR
ANN
JIR
B
H BA
A
L
H
SA A
MAASAL
M
M.A.B
M.A.N
DATARAN BANJIR
PALUNG SUNGAI
DEBIT/ALIRAN NORMAL
MODEREN
MODEREN
DATARAN BANJIR
KONDISI BANJIR
us
GS
GS
M.A.B
M.A.N
DATARAN BANJIR
(FLOOD PLAIN)
BANTARAN
BANTARAN
DATARAN BANJIR
SUNGAI
PENGENDALIAN
PENGENDALIANBANJIR
BANJIRDENGAN
DENGANSTRUKTUR
STRUKTUR(A.L:TANGGUL)
(A.L:TANGGUL)
GS
MASALAH
BANJIR
MASALAH
BANJIR
MASALAH
BANJIR
TANGGUL
GS
M.A.B
M.A.B
M.A.N
DATARAN BANJIR
BANTARAN
CATATAN
HAMPIR SEMUA PESERTA
KURSUS,
SEMINAR, WORKSHOP,
PENYULUHAN,
WAWANCARA, DSB TIDAK SETUJU
BUKAN KEJADIAN
YANG LUAR BIASA
PALUNG SUNGAI
DATARAN BANJIR
BANTARAN
MASALAH GENANGAN
MASALAH GENANGAN
TANGGUL
GS
GS
M.A.N
DATARAN BANJIR
DATARAN BANJIR
(FLOOD PLAIN)
SUNGAI
GENANGAN
GENANGAN
GS
TANGGUL
GS
MASALAH
MASALAHGENANGAN
GENANGAN
M.A.B
M.A.N
DATARAN BANJIR
PALUNG SUNGAI
BANTARAN
DATARAN BANJIR
BANTARAN
BANJIR YANG LAYAK DIKENDALIKAN
DEBIT/ALIRAN NORMAL
GENANGAN
GS
GS
M.A.B
M.A.N
PENGEMBANGAN
PENGEMBANGAN
DI
DIDATARAN
DATARANBANJIR
BANJIR
MENINGKAT
MENINGKAT
DATARAN BANJIR
DATARAN BANJIR
(FLOOD PLAIN)
BANTARAN
BANTARAN
SUNGAI
PEMAHAMAN
PEMAHAMANTENTANG
TENTANGPENANGANAN
PENANGANANMASALAH
MASALAHBANJIR
BANJIRYANG
YANGKELIRU
KELIRU
TANGGUL
TANGGULDIPASANGI
DIPASANGITOPI
TOPI
(PARAPET)
ATAU
DITINGGIKAN
(PARAPET) ATAU DITINGGIKAN
MASALAH
MASALAHBANJIR
BANJIR
GS
M.A.B
M.A.B
M.A.N
DATARAN BANJIR
PALUNG SUNGAI
BANTARAN
DATARAN BANJIR
BANTARAN
BANJIR YANG LAYAK DIKENDALIKAN
DEBIT/ALIRAN NORMAL
GS
GS
BANJIR
DATARAN BANJIR
(FLOOD PLAIN)
DATARAN BANJIR
SUNGAI
TIDAK
TIDAKLAYAK
LAYAKDAN
DAN
LEBIH
BERBAHAYA
LEBIH BERBAHAYA
TANGGUL
GS
GS
MASALAH
BANJIR
MASALAH
BANJIR
MASALAH
BANJIR
MAB
MAB
M.A.N
BEBAS BANJIRKAH ??
TIDAK
TIDAKDIJAMIN
DIJAMINMAS,
MAS,
DATARAN BANJIR
PALUNG SUNGAI
BANTARAN
DATARAN BANJIR
BANTARAN
TANGGUL
TANGGUL(STRUKTUR)
(STRUKTUR)TIDAK
TIDAKBISA
BISAMENJAMIN
MENJAMIN
DATARAN
BANJIR
TERBEBAS
DARI
BANJIR
DATARAN BANJIR TERBEBAS DARI BANJIRDAN
DAN
GENANGAN
SECARA
MUTLAK.
SETUJU??
GENANGAN SECARA MUTLAK. SETUJU??
DEBIT/ALIRAN NORMAL
BANJIR YANG LAYAK DIKENDALIKAN
BANJIR TERBESAR (PMF)