Status Asmatikus (30 Mei 2013)
Status Asmatikus (30 Mei 2013)
Amerika Serikat :
Edukasi
Menilai dan monitor berat asma secara berkala
Identifikasi dan mengendalikan faktor pencetus
Merencanakan dan memberikan pengobatan jangka panjang
Menetapkan pengobatan pada serangan akut
Kontrol secara teratur
Pola hidup sehat
Eksaserbasi Asma
Serangan asma :
Sesak
Mengi
Perasaan berat di dada memberat dengan cepat
Status Asmatikus :
Adalah serangan asma yang sulit diatasi oleh karena tidak respon terhadap therapy
konvensional berupa bronchodilator yang biasanya efektif dan bahkan therapy intensive pada
jam-jam pertama.
Perawatan secepatnya di UGD sangat dibutuhkan dengan pengawasan dan tata laksana yang
tepat.
Disturbances of consciousness
Cyanosis (central)
Severe respiratory distress or exhaustion
Recurrent acute episodes over a short period (e.g 2-7 days)
Increasing bronchodilator requirement with minimal relief
Profuse diaphoresis
Pulsus paradoxus 15-18 mmHg
Sternocleidomastoid contraction, intercostal retraction, paradoxical abdominal
respiration
Wheezing on inspiration (high pitch) or silent chest
Tachypnea 30/min
Tachycardia 120 beat/min
Peak expiratory flow rate 100-120 L/min, or < 25-40 % of predicted
Force vital capacity 1-1.5 L, or < 25-40 % predicted
Force expiratory volume in 1 second 1.0 L, or < 25-40% of predicted
PaO2 60 mmHg (room air)
PaCO2 40-45 mmHg (acidemia)
Electrocardiographic abnormalities, hypotension
Coexisting pneumonia, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum
Respon Buruk
Rawat ICU
Parameter
Mild
Breathless
Walking
Talks in
Alertness
Talking
Infant softer,
shorter, cry ;
difficulty
feeding
Prefer Sitting
Sentences
Maybe agitated
Phrases
Usually agitated
Respiratory
Increased
Increased
rates
Normal rates of breathing in awake children:
Age
<2 months
2-12 months
1-5 years
6-8 years
Accessory
Usually not
Usually
muscles and
suprasternal
Repiratory
arrest imminent
At rest
Infant stop
Feeding
Hunched
Forward
Words
Usually agitated
Drowsy, or
confused
Often
>30/minutes
Normal
<60/minute
<50/minute
<40/minute
<30/minute
Usually
Paradoxical
thoracoabdomina
l movement
retractions
Wheezing
1-2 years
School Age
2-8 years
Pulsus
paradoxus
PEF
After initial
bronkodilator
% predicted or
% personal best
PaO2 (on air)
And / or
PaCO2
Absent
<10 mmHg
Maybe present
10-25 mmHg
Over 80%
Approx.
60%-80%
Normal
Test not usually
necessary
>60 mmHg
<45mmHg
< 45 mmHg
>95%
91.95%
Usually Loud
>120
Normal
< 160/min
Normal
<120/min
Normal
<110/min
Often Present
>25 mmHg
(adults)
20-40 mmHg
(childs)
<60% predicted
or Personal best
(100 L/minute
adult) or
response lasts <
2 hrs
<60 mmHg
Possible
cyanosis
>45 mmHg;
Possible
respiratory
failure
<90%
Absences of
wheezing
Bradikardi
rate
rate
rate
Absent suggests
respiratory
muscles fatigue
PPOK
Pneumotoraks / pneumomediastinum
Penyakit jantung (Edema Paru)
Tumor (laring, trakea, paru-paru)
Bronkiektasis
Benda asing saluran napas
Emboli paru
Reaksi Anafilaksis