DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
DAFTAR
ISI
.............................................................................................................................
iii
DAFTAR
TABEL
.............................................................................................................................
v
DAFTAR
GAMBAR
.............................................................................................................................
vi
DAFTAR
LAMPIRAN
.............................................................................................................................
vii
I. PENDAHULUAN
.......................................................................................................................
1
II. TINJAUAN
PUSTAKA
.......................................................................................................................
4
2.1

Tinjauan

Botani

Voacanga

foetida

4
2.1.1

Klasifikasi

4
2.1.2

Nama

Daerah

4
2.1.3

Morfologi

5
2.1.4

Habitat

dan

Penyebaran

5
2.1.5

Khasiat

dan

iii

Kandungan

2.2

Sel

7
2.2.1

Pembelahan

Sel

7
2.2.2

Siklus

Sel.

9
2.2.3

Perbedaan

Sel

Normal

dan

Sel

Kanker

10
2.3

Kanker

12
2.4

Kanker

Darah

(Leukemia)

16
2.4.1

Definisi

Leukemia

16
2.4.2

Morfologi

dan

Fungsi

Normal

Leukosit

17
2.4.3

Klasifikasi

Leukemia

19
2.4.4

Penyebab

Penyakit

Leukemia

21
2.4.5

Tanda

dan

Gejala

Penyakit

23
2.4.6 Pencegahan
25
2.5

Obat

Antikanker

30
2.6

Doksorubisin
34
2.6.1

Mekanisme

Kerja

34

iv

Leukemia

2.6.2

Farmakokinetik
35

2.6.3

Penggunaan

Klinis

35
2.6.4

Efek

Samping

35
2.6

Uji

Sitotoksik

36
III.
PELAKSANAAN
PENELITIAN
.............................................................................................................................
39
3.1

Tempat

dan

Waktu

Penelitian

39
3.2

Metoda

Penelitian

39
3.2.1

Alat

dan

Bahan

39
3.3

Rancangan

Penelitian

40
3.4

Prosedur

Kerja

..

40
3.4.1
Pengumpulan
Sampel
.......................................................................................................................
40
3.4.2

Ekstraksi

Sampel

41
3.4.3

Fraksinasi

Sampel

...

41
3.4.4

Uji

Kandungan

Kimia

42
3.4.5

Penentuan

Aktivitas
44
v

Antikanker

IV.

HASIL

DAN

PEMBAHASAN

48
4.1 Hasil .
48
4.2

Pembahasan..
50

V.

KESIMPULAN

DAN

SARAN

56
5.1 Kesimpulan..
56
5.2

Saran

56
DAFTAR
PUSTAKA
.............................................................................................................................
57
LAMPIRAN
.............................................................................................................................
62

DAFTAR TABEL

vi

Tabel
Tabel I.

Halaman
Hasil Pengamatan Aktivitas Antikanker Fraksi Heksan
.....................................................................................................
49

Tabel II.

Hasil Pengamatan Aktivitas Antikanker Doksorubisin

.....................................................................................................
49

Tabel III.

Data Hubungan Antara Log Konsentrasi dengan Probit Fraksi

Heksan
.....................................................................................................
49

Tabel IV.

Data Hubungan Antara Log Konsentrasi dengan Probit

Doksorubisin
.....................................................................................................
50

Tabel V.

Nilai IC50 dari Doksorubisin dan Fraksi Heksan Daun Tampa

Badak
.....................................................................................................
50

Tabel VI.

Hasil
Perhitungan
Fraksi
Heksan
.....................................................................................................
69

Tabel VII.

Hasil
Perhitungan
Doksorubisin
.....................................................................................................
74

Tabel VIII.

Hasil
Perhitungan
IC50
Fraksi
Heksan
.....................................................................................................
79

Tabel IX.

Hasil
Perhitungan
IC50
Doksorubisin
.....................................................................................................
80

Tabel X.

Nilai
Probit
.....................................................................................................
86

vii

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
Gambar 1.

Halaman
Struktur
alkaloid
dari
Daun
Tampa
Badak
.....................................................................................................
6

Gambar 2.

Pembelahan sel normal................................................................ 8

Gambar 3.

Siklus sel...................................................................................... 10

Gambar 4.

Mutasi gen p53............................................................................. 11

Gambar 5.

Sampel Tampa Badak................................................................... 62

Gambar 6.

Skema kerja ekstraksi dan fraksinasi sampel............................... 63

Gambar 7.

Skema kerja aktivitas antikanker................................................. 65

Gambar 8.

Skema uji daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan sel Leukemia

L1210........................................................................................... 66

viii

Gambar 9.

Skema pemetaan pengisian kontrol positif, larutan uji, dan kontrol

negatif .........................................................................................
67

Gambar 10. Grafik hubungan antara probit dengan log konsentrasi fraksi
heksan daun Tampa Badak ..........................................................
81
Gambar 11. Grafik

hubungan

antara

probit

dengan

log

konsentrasi

doksorubisin ................................................................................
81
Gambar 12. Grafik persentase inhibisi fraksi heksan Tampa Badak.............

82

Gambar 13. Grafik persentase inhibisi doksorubisin ....................................

82

Gambar 14. Haemocytometer ...

83

Gambar 15. Skala haemocytometer ..

83
Gambar 16. Sel Leukemia L1210 dari limpa tikus ..
84

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran

Halaman

Lampiran 1. Sampel Tampa Badak................................................................... 62

Lampiran 2. Skema Kerja Ekstraksi dan Fraksinasi Sampel ........................... 63
Lampiran 3. Uji Kandungan Kimia .... 64
Lampiran 4. Skema

Kerja

Aktivitas

65

ix

Antikanker

Lampiran 5. Skema Uji Daya Hambat Terhadap Pertumbuhan Sel

Leukemia
L1210
..................................................................................................
66
Lampiran 6. Pemetaan Pengisian Kontrol Positif, Larutan Uji, dan Kontrol
Negatif
..................................................................................................
67
Lampiran 7. Perhitungan Jumlah Sel, % Inhibisi, dan % sel hidup
..................................................................................................
69
Lampiran 8. Perhitungan
IC50
..................................................................................................
79
Lampiran 9. Grafik Hubungan Antara Probit dengan Log konsentrasi
..................................................................................................
81
Lampiran 10. Grafik
Persentase
Inhibisi
Fraksi
Heksan
..................................................................................................
82
Lampiran 11. Gambar
Haemocytometer
..................................................................................................
83
Lampiran 12. Gambar Sel Leukemia L1210 dari Limpa Tikus
84
Lampiran 13. Spesifikasi
Sel
Leukemia
L1210
..................................................................................................
85
Lampiran 14. Nilai
Probit
..................................................................................................
86

xi