IDENTIFIKASI DAN PENANGGULANGAN LIQUID

LOADING PADA SUMUR GAS

KOMPREHENSIF
Oleh :
ASHAR ALFIANSYAH
NIM : 1101037
Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk mendapatkan gelar Sarjana Teknik
pada Jurusan Teknik Perminyakan

PROGRAM STUDI S1 TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN

SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI
BALIKPAPAN
2015

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
Laporan Komprehensif
IDENTIFIKASI DAN PENANGGULANGAN LIQUID
LOADING PADA SUMUR GAS
Oleh
ASHAR ALFIANSYAH
NIM : 1101037

Program Studi S1 Teknik Perminyakan

Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Minyak dan Gas Bumi Balikpapan

Disetujui pada Tanggal :

Ketua Jurusan

Dosen Pembimbing

Karmila ST, MT.

Ir. Yudiaryono, MT.

NIDN : 1120018101

NIDN : 1105045502

KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, yang telah melimpahkan rahmat dan
hidayah-NYA sehingga penyusun dapat menyelesaikan Laporan Komprehensif
dengan

judul

IDENTIFIKASI

DAN

PENANGGULANGAN

LIQUID LOADING PADA SUMUR GAS.

Penulis menyadari dengan keterbatasan pengetahuan dan kemampuan
dalam menyusun laporan komprehensif ini. Walaupun demikian, penulisan
laporan ini dapat terselesaikan berkat adanya usaha, doa, bimbingan, serta
dorongan dari semua pihak. Untuk itu, dengan perasaan yang tulus penyusun
mengucapkan terimakasih kepada :
1. Bapak Lukman ST, MT selaku Ketua STT MIGAS Balikpapan
2. Ibu Karmila ST, MT selaku KAJUR S1 Teknik Perminyakan.
3. Bapak Ir. Yudiaryono,MT selaku pembimbing komprehensif.
4. Seluruh staf dan karyawan sekretariat STT MIGAS Balikpapan
5. Kedua orang tua dan kakak-kakak saya yang selalu memberikan
dukungan baik moril ataupun materil.
6. Dan kepada semua teman teman seperjuangan.
Akhir kata, semoga Laporan ini bermanfaat bagi penyusun dan pembaca
serta semoga Tuhan Yang Maha Esa memberikan imbalan kebaikan kepada semua
pihak yang membantu tersusunnya laporan ini.

Balikpapan, Januari 2015

Ashar Alfiansyah
11.01.037

DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
HALAMAN
JUDUL
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
i
LEMBAR
PENGESAHAN
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
ii
KATA
PENGANTAR
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
iii
DAFTAR
ISI
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
iv
DAFTAR
GAMBAR
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
vii
DAFTAR
TABEL
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
x
BAB I

PENDAHULUAN
.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
1

1.1.................................................................................................
Latar
Belakang
Masalah
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
1
1.2.................................................................................................
Maksud
dan
Tujuan
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
3
1.3.................................................................................................
Batasan
Masalah
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
3
1.4.................................................................................................
Sistematika
Penulisan
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
4
BAB II

KARAKTERISTIK
RESERVOIR
.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
6
2.1.................................................................................................
Karakteristik
Batuan
Reservoir
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
7
2.1.1. Komposisi
Kimia
Batuan
Reservoir
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
8
2.1.2. Sifat

Sifat

Fisik

Batuan

Reservoir

....................................................................................
....................................................................................
9
2.2.................................................................................................
Karakteristik
Fluida
Reservoir
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
24
2.2.1. Sifat

Sifat
Fisik
Fluida
Reservoir
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
25
2.2.1.1......................................................................
Sifat

Fisik
Gas
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
25

2.2.1.2......................................................................
Sifat

Fisik
Minyak
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
30

2.2.1.3......................................................................
Sifat

Fisik
Air
Formasi
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
33

2.2.2. Komposisi
Kimia
Fluida
Reservoir
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
35
2.2.2.1......................................................................
Komposisi
Kimia
Hidrokarbon
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
36

2.2.2.2......................................................................
Komposisi
Kimia
Non-Hidrokarbon
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
36
2.2.2.3......................................................................
Komposisi
Kimia
Air
Formasi
.....................................................................
.....................................................................
38

DAFTAR ISI
(Lanjutan)
Halaman
2.3.................................................................................................
Kondisi
Reservoir
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
40
2.3.1. Tekanan
Reservoir
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
40
2.3.2. Temperatur
Reservoir
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
44
2.4.................................................................................................
Jenis

Jenis
Reservoir
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
45
2.4.1. Berdasarkan

Perangkap

Reservoir

....................................................................................
....................................................................................
45
2.4.2. Berdasarkan
Fasa
Fluida
Hidrokarbon
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
48
2.4.3. Berdasarkan
Mekanisme
Pendorong
....................................................................................
....................................................................................
55
BAB III

DATA-DATA
PEMBORAN
.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
62
3.1.................................................................................................
Drilling
Log
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
62
3.1.1. Drilling
Time
Log
....................................................................................
62
3.1.2. Analisa
Cutting
....................................................................................
63
3.1.3. Mud
Logging
....................................................................................
64
3.2.................................................................................................
Metode
Coring
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
65

3.3.................................................................................................
Metode
Well
Logging
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
65
3.3.1. Electric
Log
...........................................................................
67
3.3.1.1...............Spontaneous Log ( SP Log)
............................................................
....................................................... 67
3.3.1.2...................................Resistivity Log
............................................................
........................................................69
3.3.2. Radioaktif
Log
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
71
3.3.2.1................................Gamma Ray Log
............................................................
........................................................71
3.3.2.2........................................Neutron Log
............................................................
........................................................72
3.3.2.3........................................Density Log
............................................................
........................................................74
3.3.3. Log
Suara
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
77
3.3.3.1........................................Density Log
............................................................
........................................................77

DAFTAR ISI
(Lanjutan)
Halaman
BAB IV

DATA-DATA
PRODUKSI
.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
78
4.1. Drill
Steam
Test
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
78
4.2. Pressure
Test
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
80
4.3. RateTest
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
80
4.4. Production
Test
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
81

BAB V

WELL

COMPLETION

82
5.1. Pengertian

Well

Completion

82
5.2. Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Well Completion
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
83

10

5.3. Jenis

Jenis

Komplesi

Sumur

83
BAB VI

PEMBAHASAN
.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
97

BAB VII KESIMPULAN

.........................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................
100
DAFTAR PUSTAKA

11

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar
2.1.

Halaman
Karakteristik Reservoir ( Pettijohn, F. J., Sedimentary
Rock,

1957

6
2.2.

Porosity ( Fagan, Alphonsus, An Introduction to The

Petroleum

Industry.

1991)

9
2.3.

Permeability ( Fagan, Alphonsus, An Introduction to The

Petroleum

Industry.

1991

12
2.4.

Karakteristik Permeabilitas Relatif (Asep Kurnia Permadi,

2004)
15

2.5.

Distribusi Fluida Sepanjang injeksi Air pada Batuan Water

wet

John

Lee,

1995

17
2.6.

Sistem pembasahan batuan oleh air dan minyak ( John

Lee,1995 )
20

2.7.

Proses aliran system imbibisi dan drainage ( John Lee, 1995 )

22

2.8.

Tekanan Dalam Pipa Kapiler (Ahmed, Tarek, Reservoir

Engineering_2E.

1946)

12

23
2.9.

Perangkap Hidrokarbon ( Fagan, Alphonsus. An Introduction

to

the

Petroleum

Industry.1991

46
2.10.

Diagram Fasa P vs T ( McCain, William D., Jr. The

Properties Of Petroleum Fluids Second Edition. 1993 )
50

2.11.

Tabel klasifikasi Fluida Reservoir ( McCain, William D., Jr.

The Properties Of Petroleum Fluids Second Edition. 1993 )
51

2.12.

Diagram Fasa Black Oil ( McCain, William D., Jr. The

Properties Of Petroleum Fluids Second Edition. 1993 )
52

2.13.

Diagram Fasa Volatile Oil ( McCain, William D., Jr. The

Properties Of Petroleum Fluids Second Edition. 1993 )
53

DAFTAR GAMBAR
(Lanjutan)

Gambar
2.14.

Halaman
Diagram Fasa Retrograte Gas ( McCain, William D., Jr. The
Properties Of Petroleum Fluids Second Edition. 1993 )
53

13

2.15.

Diagram Fasa Wet Gas ( McCain, William D., Jr. The

Properties Of Petroleum Fluids Second Edition. 1993 )
54

2.16.

Diagram Fasa Dry Gas ( McCain, William D., Jr. The

Properties Of Petroleum Fluids Second Edition. 1993 )
55

2.17.

Mekanisme solution gas drive ( Asep Kurnia Permadi, 2004 )

57

2.18.

Mekanisme gas cap drive (Asep Kurnia Permadi, 2004)

58

2.19.

Mekanisme reservoir water drive ( Asep Kurnia Permadi,

2004 )
59

3.1.

Atlas

Of

Responses

Inteq

Baker

Atlas

2015)

63
3.2.

Well Logging ( Schlumberger 1927, Presentasi Well Logging

2011)
66

3.3.

Spontaneous

Log

Rangga

Adi

2003

67
3.4.

Kondisi

Lubang

Bor

Rangga

Adi

2003

69
3.5.

Resistivity Log ( Schlumberger 1927, Presentasi Well

Logging

2011)

14

70
3.6.

Geometri

Struktur

Pori

Batuan

Horas

2006)

70
3.7.

Gamma Ray ( Schlumberger 1927, Presentasi Well Logging

2011)
72

3.8.

Neutron Log ( Schlumberger 1927, Presentasi Well Logging

2011)
74

3.9.

Density Log ( Schlumberger 1927, Presentasi Well Logging

2011)
76

3.10.

Sonic Log ( Schlumberger 1927, Presentasi Well Logging

2011

)
77

DAFTAR GAMBAR
(Lanjutan)

Gambar
5.1.

Halaman
Open

Hole

Completion

bayuebor

2009

85
5.2.

Perforated

Casing

Completion

bayuebor

2009

87
5.3.

Single

Completion

15

bayuebor

2009

89
5.4.

Komplesi

Zona

Bergilir

bayuebor

2009

90
5.5.

Komplesi Single String - Single Packer ( bayuebor 2009 )

90

5.6.

Komplesi Single String - Dual Packer ( bayuebor 2009 )

91

5.7.

Komplesi Paralel String - Multiple Packer ( bayuebor 2009 )

91

5.8.

Well

Head

Zulfa

2009

94
5.9.

Christmast

Tree

95

16

Zulfa

2009

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel
2.1.

Halaman
Ukuran Porositas dan Kualitas
11

2.2.

Contoh Hasil Analisa Kandungan Air Formasi

39

3.1.

Warna Fluoresensi
64

17

18