DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL....i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN.ii
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN....iii
KATA PENGANTAR.......................................................................................iv
DAFTAR ISI...vi
DAFTAR TABEL...........................................................................................viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR........................................................................................ix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...x
INTISARI ........................................................................................................... xi
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................xii
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang .........................................................................................1
B. Rumusan Masalah.....................................................................................5
C. Tujuan Penelitian.......................................................................................5
D. Manfaat Penelitian....................................................................................6
E. Keaslian Penelitian....................................................................................7
BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
A. Telaah Pustaka...........................................................................................12
1. Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut 12
a. Pengertian LLA........................................................................12
b. Epidemiologi LLA.......................................................................12
c. Etiologi LLA.................................................................................13
d. Manifestasi Klinis LLA.14
e. Klasifikasi LLA.15
f. Prognosis LLA...16
g. Pengobatan LLA17
2. Koping.21
a. Pengertian koping.21
b. Macam koping..22
c. Faktor yang mempengaruhi koping.... 24
d. Pengukuran koping.. 26
3. Kualitas Hidup Anak. 27
a. Pengertian kualitas hidup.27
b. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas hidup anak LLA.. 28
c. Pengukuran kualitas hidup anak. 30
B. Landasan Teori..........................................................................................35
C. Kerangka Teori..........................................................................................37
D. Kerangka Konsep......................................................................................38
E. Pertanyaan Penelitian................................................................................38

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BAB III. METODE PENELITIAN

...........................................................................................................................
39
A. Jenis dan Rancangan Penelitian
.....................................................................................................................
39
B. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian
.....................................................................................................................
39
C. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian
.....................................................................................................................
39
D. Variabel Penelitian
.....................................................................................................................
41
E. Definisi Operasional
.....................................................................................................................
41
F. Instrumen Penelitian
.....................................................................................................................
46
G. Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas
.....................................................................................................................
49
H. Jalannya Penelitian
.....................................................................................................................
50
I. Analisis Data
.....................................................................................................................
53
J. Kesulitan dan Kelemahan Penelitian
.....................................................................................................................
55
BAB IV. HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
...........................................................................................................................
56
A. Hasil Penelitian
.....................................................................................................................
56
1. Karakteristik Responden
56
2. Koping Orang Tua
.....................................................................................................................
58

iv

3. Kualitas Hidup Anak

................................................................................................................
63
4. Hubungan antara Koping Orang Tua dengan Kualitas Hidup Anak
LLA
............................................................................................................
65
B. Pembahasan
.....................................................................................................................
67
1. Karakteristik Responden
67
2. Koping Orang Tua
.....................................................................................................................
70
3. Kualitas Hidup Anak
................................................................................................................
78
4. Hubungan antara Koping Orang Tua dengan Kualitas Hidup Anak
LLA
............................................................................................................
84
BAB V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
...........................................................................................................................
88
A. Kesimpulan
.....................................................................................................................
88
B. Saran
.....................................................................................................................
89
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN

DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
16
Tabel
19
Tabel
19
Tabel 4.
Tabel
32
Tabel 6.
Tabel
49
Tabel 8.

1.

Klasifikasi

2.

Terapi

3.

Terapi

LLA

sitostatika
sitostatika

berdasarkan
pada
pada

tahap
tahap

morfologi
induksi
konsolidasi

Terapi sitostatika pada tahap re-induksi...20

5.
Macam instrumen kualitas hidup pada anak.
Kisi-kisi Instrumen Koping Orang Tua.. 47
7.
Kisi-kisi Instrumen PedsQLTM 3.0 Cancer Module.

Karakteristik Responden Orang Tua Anak Penderita LLA di

Kartika 2, INSKA RSUP Dr. Sardjito
..........................................................................................................
56
Tabel 9. Karakteristik Anak Penderita LLA di Kartika 2, INSKA RSUP Dr.
Sardjito
..........................................................................................................
57
Tabel 10. Perilaku Koping Orang Tua Penderita LLA di Kartika 2, INSKA
RSUP Dr. Sardjito
59
Tabel 11. Efektifitas Koping Berdasarkan Persepsi Orang Tua Penderita LLA
di Kartika 2, INSKA RSUP Dr. Sardjito
..........................................................................................................
61
Tabel 12. Kefektivan koping berdasarkan persepsi orang tua penderita LLA
dilihat dari karakteristik responden di INSKA RSUP
Dr. Sardjito ..62
Tabel 13. Kualitas Hidup Anak Penderita LLA di Kartika 2, INSKA RSUP
Dr. Sardjito
..........................................................................................................
63
Tabel 14. Kualitas hidup anak berdasarkan karakteristik penderita LLA di
Kartika 2, INSKA RSUP Dr. Sardjito .65
Tabel 15. Hubungan antara Koping Orang Tua dengan Kualitas Hidup Anak
Penderita LLA di Kartika 2, INSKA RSUP Dr. Sardjito
............................................................................................................
66

vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar
39
Gambar
40

1.
1.

Skema.
Skema.

Kerangka
Kerangka

Teori
Penelitian

vii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Lembar Penjelasan Kepada Calon Subjek
Lampiran 2. Persetujuan Keikutsertaan Dalam Penelitian
Lampiran 3 Lembar Identitas Responden
Lampiran 4 Kuesioner Kualitas Hidup Anak
Lampiran 5 Kuesioner Koping Orang Tua
Lampiran 6 Hasil Uji Statistik
Lampiran 7 Surat Ethical Clearance
Lampiran 8 Surat Ijin Penelitian
Lampiran 9 Surat Keterangan Selesai Penelitian

viii

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KOPING ORANG TUA DENGAN KUALITAS HIDUP ANAK

PENDERITA LEUKEMIA LIMFOBLASTIK AKUT
DI RSUP DR. SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA

Evita Listyaningrum1, Indria Laksmi Gamayanti2, Itsna Luthfi Kholisa3

INTISARI

Latar Belakang: Kualitas hidup anak dengan Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut

(LLA) menggambarkan dampak potensial dari penyakit atau pengobatan yang
mempengaruhi fungsi atau aspek kehidupan dilihat dari persepsi pasien dan
keluarga. Kualitas hidup anak kanker dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor baik dari
faktor anak maupun keluarga. Salah satu faktor keluarga yang mempengaruhi
kualitas hidup adalah koping orang tua. Koping merupakan upaya seseorang
dalam merespon perubahan lingkungan dan situasi tertentu.
Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara koping
orang tua dengan kualitas hidup anak penderita LLA di RSUP Dr. Sardjito
Yogyakarta.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik korelasional dengan metode
kuantitatif menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada
bulan 28 April - 16 Juni 2014 di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta dengan jumlah
sampel 28 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner PedsQLTM 3.0
Cancer Module dan kuesioner koping orang tua. Analisis data menggunakan uji
Spearman Rank.
ix

Hasil: Efektifitas koping berdasarkan persepsi orang tua penderita LLA sebagian
besar dalam kategori cukup efektif (75%). Dari delapan domain kualitas hidup
anak yang diukur, kecemasan terhadap tindakan medis merupakan domain yang
paling mempengaruhi terjadinya kualitas hidup yang rendah pada anak penderita
LLA. Persepsi terhadap penampilan fisik tidak mempengaruhi rendahnya kualitas
hidup anak penderita LLA. Hubungan antara efektifitas koping berdasarkan
persepsi orang tua dengan kualitas hidup anak penderita LLA tidak signifikan dan
sangat lemah dengan nilai p=0,460 dan r=0,145.
Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara koping orang tua dengan kualitas
hidup anak penderita LLA di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.
Kata Kunci: koping, kualitas hidup anak, kanker, leukemia

Mahasiswa Progam Studi Ilmu Keperawatan FK UGM

Instalasi Kesehatan Anak Rumah Sakit Umum Pusar Dr. Sardjito
3
Dosen Progam Studi Ilmu Keperawatan FK UGM
2

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTS COPING AND

QUALITY OF LIFE OF CHILDREN WITH ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC
LEUKEMIA
AT RSUP DR. SARDJITO YOGYAKARTA
Evita Listyaningrum1, Indria Laksmi Gamayanti2, Itsna Luthfi Kholisa3

ABSTRACT
Background: Quality of life (QoL) of children with Acute Lymphoblastic
Leukemia (ALL) describes the potential impact of the disease or the treatment that
affects the function or life aspect observed from patient perception and family.
QoL of children is affected by several factors from both the child and family
factors. One of the families factors that affect the QoL is parents coping. Coping is
a person's attempt to respond environment changes and the particular situation.
Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between parents coping
and QoL of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at RSUP Dr. Sardjito
Yogyakarta
Methods: A analytic corelational study with quantitative methods using cross
sectional design. The research was conducted on 28 April - 16 Juni 2014 at RSUP
Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta with a total sample of 28 people. Data collection using
the PedsQLTM 3.0 Cancer Module questionnaire and parents coping questionnaire.
Data analysis in this study uses the Spearman Rank correlation test.
Results: The coping effectiveness based on the parents perceptions of the children
with ALL majority in the category quite effective (75%). Of the eight domains of
being measured, anxiety of medical action is the domain that most influence the

occurrence of a low quality of life in children with ALL. The perception of

physical appearance does not affect the low quality of life of child with ALL. The
relationship between the effectiveness of coping based on parents perceptions and
quality of life of children with ALL no significant and is very weak with a value
of p= 0,460 and r=0,145.
Conclusion: There is no relationship between the parents coping with QoL of
children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.
Keywords: coping, quality of life, cancer, leukemia
1

Student of School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University

Departement of Child Health RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta
3
Nursing Lecturer of Scholl of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University
2

xi