KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT karena berkat rahmat dan hidayahNya lah penulis dapat menyelesaikan penulisan refreshing yang berjudul Anatomi, Fisiologi
dan Pemeriksaan Hidung dan Sinus Paranasal.
Referat ini disusun dalam rangka meningkatkan pengetahuan sekaligus memenuhi tugas
kepaniteraan klinik ilmu THT di RSUD Cianjur. Pada kesempatan ini, penulis ingin
mengucapkan terima kasih kepada:
1. Dr. Satrio Prodjohoesodo, Sp.THT selaku konsulen THT di RSUD Cianjur
2. Orang tua yang selalu mendoakan keberhasilan penulis
3. Teman-teman sekelompok atas dukungan dan kerjasamanya
Semoga dengan adanya referat ini dapat menambah khasanah ilmu pengetahuan dan
berguna bagi penulis maupun teman sejawat lainnya.
Penulis menyadari bahwa referat ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan, oleh karena itu
penulis sangat membutuhkan saran dan kritikan yang membangun untuk pembuatan referat
yang lebih baik di waktu yang akan datang.

Cianjur, September 2012

Penulis

DAFTAR ISI

Kata Pengantar.....................................................................................................................i
Daftar Isi..............................................................................................................................ii
Daftar Gambar.....................................................................................................................iv
BAB I

: PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang........................................................................................1
B. Tujuan......................................................................................................1

BAB II

: TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
A. Anatomi...................................................................................................2
1. Anatomi hidung bagian luar..............................................................2
2. Anatomi hidung bagian dalam..........................................................2
3. Pendarahan hidung............................................................................6
4. Persarafan hidung..............................................................................7
5. Sinus paranasal..................................................................................8
6. Kompleks ostiomeatal.......................................................................12
B. Histologi Hidung.....................................................................................13
1. Mukosa pernapasan...........................................................................13
2. Mukosa olfaktorius............................................................................14
C. Sistem Transpor Mukosiliar....................................................................16
1. Epitel.................................................................................................16
2. Silia....................................................................................................17
3. Palut lendir........................................................................................18
4. Membrana basalis..............................................................................18
5. Lamina propria..................................................................................18
6. Transportasi mukosilier.....................................................................19
7. Pemeriksaan fungsi mukosilier.........................................................20
D. Fisiologi...................................................................................................21
1. Fisiologi penghiduan.........................................................................21
2. Fungsi hidung....................................................................................22
3. Fungsi sinus paranasal.......................................................................23
E. Pemeriksaan............................................................................................25
1. Pemeriksaan hidung..........................................................................25
2. Pemeriksaan sinus paranasal.............................................................26

Daftar Pustaka......................................................................................................................29
Lampiran slide.....................................................................................................................30

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Kerangka tulang hidung anterolateral dan inferior......................................................2

Gambar 2. Struktur dinding kavum nasi.....................................................................................4
Gambar 3. Kavum nasi.....................................................................................................................5
Gambar 4. Pendarahan hidung..........................................................................................................6
Gambar 5. Persarafan hidung............................................................................................................7
Gambar 6. Sinus paranasal................................................................................................................8
3

Gambar 7. Kompleks Ostiomeatal....................................................................................................13

Gambar 8. Mukosa pernapasan...............................................................................................14
Gambar 9. Mukosa Olfaktorius...............................................................................................15
Gambar 10. Histologi mukosa hidung.....................................................................................16
Gambar 11. Transduksi signal olfaktorius...............................................................................21