ABSTRACT
Transmition tower structures which is the lateral load which working dominant
like wind load or seismic load and the load caused by the breaking of cables
between electricity transmition tower. That load combination will make a large
uplift load on one side of structure legs and another is compressive load. The
foundations are commonly used in that structures is pile foundations. Where the
dead loads received by pile foundations are relatively small so it is not effective to
be applied to this structures. Another type of foundation is shallow foundation
which resist directly load of the structure on it with a small loads. The further
research regarding behavior of shallow foundation due to uplift load in sand
especially to describing the failure mechanism is becomes important.
The Laboratory test of footing with uplift load refer to ASTM D3689-90 for
standard test method for individual piles under static axial tensile load. Loading
procedure is constant rate of uplift method. Shallow foundation type is footing
with a small scale. Footing shape are square and circular. Depth of footing are 10
cm, 20 cm and 30 cm. Analysis of ultimate uplift capacity method were proposed
by Das and Seeley (1975), Rowe and Davis (1982), Murray and Geddes (1987)
and Bowles (1988). Displacement occurs will be simulate with finite element
methods by Plaxis program in order to obtain sand failure mechanisms due to
uplift load.
The Laboratory test result were ultimate uplift capacity and diameter of surface
failure increased with the increasing embedment ratio. Soil deformation make an
angle inclination equal to half of internal friction angle
= . Uplift load
capacity for square footing greater 28,35% than circular footing at the same width
(B), diameter (D) and depth. Das dan Seeley (1975) method give a biggest uplift
load capacity. Bowles (1988) method give a smallest uplift load capacity. Murray
and Geddes (1987) method very close with the Laboratory result. Simulation
result by Plaxis program is soil deformation start from the edge of plate and
extending to the surface that forms the truncated cone.
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