BAB V

TUGAS KHUSUS
EVALUASI KINERJA TURBIN GAS
BERDASARKAN ANALISIS THERMAL
DATA HASIL PENGAMATAN
Flow rate gas alam masuk burner

: 10037,42 mmbtu/day

Tekanan

: 22 Bar

Temperatur

: 270C

Udara masuk kompresor

: 300C

Udara keluar kompresor

: 300,40C

Tekanan

: 9,42 Bar

Gas alam masuk burner

Heating Value

: 1118,1246 btu/ft3

Energy rate

: 10037,42 mmBtu/day

Tabel 5.1 Komposisi Gas Alam

Komponen
Hexane, C6H14
Propane, C3H8
Iso Butne, i-C4H10
Normal, n-C4H10
Iso Pentane, i-C5H12
Normal Pentane, n-C5H12
Metane, CH4
Etane, C2H6
Nitrogen, N2
Carbon dioxide, CO2
Total
I. Perhitungan Neraca Massa :
Diketahui:

% Volume
0,3480
3,1195
0,6092
0,7480
0,3156
0,1673
84,1617
5,93105
1,0869
3,5126
100 %

Energy Flow Rate

= 418,2258333 mmbtu/h
= 418225833,3 btu/h

Heating value gas

: 1118,1246 btu/ft3

Volumetric Gas

:
= 374042,243 ft3/h

a) Menghitung komposisi gas alam masuk burner

P = 22 Bar
= 21,714 atm
T = 27oC
= 540,6oR
V
= 374042,243 ft3/hr
Basis : 1 hour operation

n=
=
=

0,78

15023,961

= 19261,488 lbmol x
= 8735,368707 kmol/h

Tabel 5.2 Komposisi Gas Masuk Burner

Komponen

Kmol

BM

Kg

C6H14
C3H8
i-C4H10
n-C4H10
i-C5H12
n-C5H12
CH4
C2H6
N2
CO2
Total

0,3480
3,1195
0,6092
0,7480
0,3156
0,1673
84,1617
5,9311
1,0869
3,5126
100

30,417
272,500
53,216
65,341
27,569
14,614
7351,830
518,099
94,945
306,839
8735,369

86
44
58
58
72
72
16
30
28
44

2615,824
11989,992
3086,520
3789,752
1984,955
1052,228
117629,287
15542,973
2658,452
13500,897
173850,880

1.1 Menghitung O2 teoritis pembakaran sempurna :

C6H14

30,417

C3H8

272,499

C4H10

9,5 O2

6 CO2

288,957

182,499

5 O2

3 CO2

1362,499

817,499

6,5 O2

4 CO2

345,903

212,863

6,5 O2

4 CO2

424,713

261,362

8 O2

5 CO2

220,551

137,844

8 O2

5 CO2

116,9142

73,072

2 O2

CO2

14703,661

7351,830

53,215

C4H10

65,340

C5H12

27,569

C5H12

14,6143

CH4

7351,830

C2H6

518,099

3,5 O2

212,916

4 H2O
1089,999

5 H2O
266,079

5 H2O
326,702

6 H2O
165,413

6 H2O
87,686

2 CO2

1813,347

7 H2O

1036,198

2 H2O
14703,661

3 H2O
1554,297

Tabel 5.3 Tabulasi Gas Hasi Pembakaran Dengan O2 teoritis

Komponen
C6H14
C3H8
i- C4H10

Kmol

O2

CO2

H2O

30,417
272,499
53,216

288,957
1362,499
345,903

182,499
817,499
212,864

212,916
1089,999
266,079

n- C4H10
i- C5H12
n- C5H12
CH4
C2H6
Total

65,340
27,569
14,614
7351,831
518,099
8735,369

424,7136
220,551
116,914
14703,661
1813,347
19276,546

261,362
137,844
73,071
7351,830
1036,198
10073,168

326,703
165,413
87,686
14703,661
1554,297
18406,754

1.2 menghitung udara masuk burner

O2 teoritis = 19276,546 kmol
Udara teoritis = 1/0,21 x 19276,546 = 91793.074 kmol
Udara masuk burner (300% excess) = 3(91793.074) kmol =275379.222 kmol
O2 = 0,21 x 275379.2227 kmol = 57829.637 kmol = 1850548.378 kg
N2 = 0,79 x 275379.2227 kmol = 217549.586 kmol = 6091388.405 kg
1.3 menghitung O2 keluar burner
O2 keluar burner

= O2 masuk burner - O2 bereaksi

= 57829.6368 kmol - 19276,54559 kmol
= 38553.09121 kmol
= 1233698,91872 kg

1.4 menghitung N2 keluar burner

N2 keluar burner

= N2 dari udara + N2 dari gas alam

= 217549.586 kmol + 94,945 kmol
= 217644.531 kmol
= 6094046.858 kg

1.5 menghitung CO2 keluar burner

CO2 keluar burner = CO2 hasil reaksi + CO2 dari gas alam
=10073,169 kmol + 306,839 kmol
= 10380.007 kmol = 456720.315 kg
1.6 menghitung H2O keluar burner :
H2O hasil pembakaran

= 18406,754kmol
= 331321,572 kg

Tabel 5.4 Komposisi Gas Keluar Burner

Komponen
CO2
O2
N2
H2O
Total

Kmol
10380.007
38553.091
217644.531
18406,754
284984,383

% mol
3,640
13,520
76,370
6,470
100

Kg
456720.315
1233698,919
6094046.857
331321,572
8115787,664

Tabel 5.5 Rekapitulasi Neraca Massa Seputar Burner

Komponen
C6H14
C3H8
i-C4H10
n-C4H10
i-C5H12
n-C5H12
CH4
C2H6
N2
CO2

INPUT
Kmol
30,417
272,499
53,216
65,340
27,569
14,614
7351,831
518,099
217644.531
306,8386

Kg
2615,824
11989,992
3086,520
3789,752
1984,955
1052,228
117629,287
15542,973
2658,452
13500,897

Komponen
CO2
O2
N2
H2O

OUTPUT
Kmol
10380.007
38553.091
217644.531
18406,754

Kg
456720.315
1233698,919
6094046.857
331321,572

O2
Total

57829.637

1850548.378
8115787,664

8115787,664

II. Perhitungan Neraca Energi

Temperature reference

: 250 C

1.Heating value gas alam

= 374042,243 ft3/h x 1118,1246 btu/ft3

= 418225833,3 Btu = 105392910 Kkal

2. Sensible enthalpy gas masuk burner

Temperatur gas alam

= 27 0C= 300 0k

Tabel 5.6 Sensible Enthay Gas Masuk Burner

Komponen
C6H14
C3H8
i-C4H10
n-C4H10
i-C5H12
n-C5H12
CH4
C2H6
N2
CO2
Udara
Total

Kmol
30,417
272,499
53,216
65,340
27,569
14,614
7351,831
518,099
217644.531
306,8386
275379,222
284114,5915

Cp (kcal/kmol 0C)
36,1
18,059
23,780
24,283
22,920
23,290
8,552
12,648
6,961
8,894
6,973

2.4 Sensible Entalpi Gas keluar Burner

Temperatur gas masuk burner(T1)

= 300,40C

Temperatur gas keluar burner(T2)

= 485 OC

T (0C)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
5

Q (kcal)
2196,075
9842,149
2530,947
3173,330
1263,755
680,733
125745,708
13105,835
3030047,156
5458,044
9601096.575
12795140.307

T2

Cp Intergral =

CpdT

(T 2 T 1)

T1

CP = ( a + bT + cT2 )

Tabel 5.7 Sensible Enthay Gas Keluar Burner

Komponen
CO2
O2
N2
H2O
Total

Kmol

Cp Intergral

10380,007
38553,091
217644,531
18406,75401
284984,383

11,69
7,788
7,189
8,529

T (0C)

Q (Kcal)

184.6
184.6
184.6
184.6

22399785,23
55426421,86
288833750,1
28980576,42
395640533,6

Tabel 5.8 Neraca energi seputar burner

Input
Komponen
Heating value gas Alam
C6H14
C3H8
i-C4H10
n-C4H10
i-C5H12
n-C5H12
CH4
C2H6
N2

Output
Kkal
105392910
2196,075
9842,149
2530,947
3173,330
1263,755
680,733
125745,708
13105,835
3030047,156

Komponen
CO2
O2
N2
H2O
Heat loss radiasi konveksi
Heat absorb

Kkal
22399785,225
55426422.121
36686763.659
3397886.790

CO2
Udara
Total

5458,044
9601096.575
118188050,3

Total

395640533,6