ol 0.09] .0s| 07] 0.06| o.05| o.04| 0.03} 0.025} 0.02] 0.015} 0.01] 0.009} 0.008! Table 14.1 Eq Pipe Riveted steel Concrete Wood stave Cast iron Galvanized iron Commercial steel or wrought iron Drawn tubing c. glass juivalent Roughnes: for New Pipes. Equivalent Roughness, € Feet Millimeters 0.003—0.03 0.9-9.0 0.001-0.01 0.3-3.0 0.0006-0.003 0.18-0.9 0.00085 0.26 0.0005 0.15 0.00015 0.045, 0.000005 0.0015 0.0 (smooth) 0.0 (smooth) ‘Wholly turbulent flow f=fie/D) 200) 468 loos 0.04 0.03 o.02 Joos oor 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.0008 0.0006 0.0004 0.0002 0.0001 0.00005 0.00001 Figure 14.7 Friction factor as a function of Reynolds number and relative roughness for round pipes—the Moody chart(a) Entrance flow, sharp-edged, K,= 0.5 (©) Exit flow, sharp-edged, Ki, = 1.0 Table 14.2 Loss Coefficients for Pipe Components. G = KX) (b) Entrance flow, well-rounded, Ki, = 0.04 rake 4d) Exit flow, well-rounded, Ky = 1.0 28, Figure 14.8 Loss coefficient values for typical entrance and exit flows. ‘Component Ky, a. Elbows Regular 90°, flanged ‘Regular 90°, threaded Long radius 90°, flanged Long radius 90°, threaded ‘Long radius 45°, flanged Regular 45°, threaded b. 180° return bends 180° retum bend, flanged 180° return bend, threaded c. Tees ‘Line flow, flanged Line flow, threaded Branch flow, flanged Branch flow, threaded d. Union, threaded c. Valves Globe, fully open Angle, fully open Gate, fully open Ball valve, fully open o7 ts ) =~ 02 elbows o4 Vv ma 02 1s — return 02 bend 09 _ 10 20 JL 0.08 - 1 v— > 10 JL tees 9 L 0.15 ve J 0.05 —_ => union0.014 oor 3x10" v = 3 \ £=3x103 oo} \. Completely XQ turbulent 2103 0.010 \, ‘ 3 Turbulent“, 1x10 0.008 N ‘, 5x10 op a 7" 0.006 2x10 a ™. 1x10 S 3x05 0.004 Transitional 0.002 Laminar Turbulent smooth plate 0 Figure 14.14 Drag coefficient for a 5 7 po Fis tor 108 to 108 10° nat plate parallel to the upstream Ree flow. 400 200 100, 60, 40, 20 10 Cp $ > Smooth cylinder (py Smooth sphere 02 Oo. 0.06 1ot 10° 10! 10? 10° 104 105 108 107 pe = PUD H Figure 14.15 Drag coefficient as a function of Reynolds number for a smooth circular cylinder and a smooth sphere.Dias eeticeat vm | TIF 4 ss TS) we | mee | : ee ia FY mex | aos = tf <= sed eume | 42%? = j He on eee me | te | ce = FEE vrsne oso - (CBes, semis on ~[]o =| ae | aaaeaien —> ie = Ea || ne tg, | rene 070 Figure 14.18 Typical drag coefficients for objects of interest; Re = 10"