Lampiran Ne

GPM (GROSS PROFIT MARGIN)
KOMPONEN
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
1 Kg =
$/kg
$ / Lb
0.801 0.36332749
0.4 0.18143695
2 0.90718475
0
0
BM
$ /Lb mol
32.042 11.6417395
36.461 6.61537263
50.488 45.8019436
18.015
0
2.204623 Lb
reaksi :
CH3OH + HCl
GPM
CH3Cl + H2O
=
=
=
Produk - Reaktan
(1 x CH3Cl + 1 x H2O) - (1 x CH3OH + 1 x HCl)
27.5448315
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Kapasitas
1 tahun =
ton =
BM
(perry's chemical engineers' handbook,8th edition) table 2-153

32.042
36.461
50.488
18.015
42000 ton/tahun
330 hari
24 jam
1000 Kg
reaksi
CH3OH + HCl --> CH3C
dition) table 2-153
H3OH + HCl --> CH3Cl + H2O
rasio mol
CH3OH
1
:
:
faktor scale-up pabrik =

asumsi basis CH3OH :
konversi CH3OH =
kemurnian CH3OH =
CH3OH reaksi =
HCl
1.15
0.0558
5.58 Kmol/jam
178.7944 Kg/jam
95.00%
(Kirk othmer)
99.90%
(Ullman, 40 Vol)
Konversi x mula-mula
komponen
CH3OH
H2O
%mol
Kmol/jam Kg/jam
bereaksi (Kmol)
99.9% 5.57442 178.6156
5.295699
0.1% 0.00558 0.100524
mula
reaksi
sisa
CH3OH
5.57442
5.295699
0.278721
kondisi operasi:
T=
300 C
P=
3 bar =
HCl
6.410583
5.295699
1.114884
sisa (kmol)
0.278721
CH3Cl
5.295699
5.295699
komponen
2.96 atm
produk
umpan
HCl excess 15% agar tidak terbentuk
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total (Kg/jam)
ess 15% agar tidak terbentuk produk samping, yaitu dimetil ether (patent 4,922,043)
HCl teoritis =
HCl excess =
HCl total =
kemurnian HCl =
komponen %mol
HCl
H2O
5.57442 kmol/jam
203.24892762 Kg/jam
0.836163 Kmol/jam
30.487339143 Kg/jam
6.410583 Kmol/jam
233.736266763 Kg/jam
31%
Kmol/jam Kg/jam
bereaksi (kmol) sisa (Kmol)
31% 6.410583 233.7363
5.295699
1.114884
69% 14.268717 257.0509
H2O
5.295699
5.295699
H2O total produk =
INPUT
OUTPUT
Kmol/jam Kg/jam
Kmol/jam
Kg/jam
5.57442 178.615566
0.278721 8.9307783
6.410583 233.736267
1.114884 40.649786
0
0
5.295699 267.36925
14.2743 257.15146 19.569996 352.55348
26.2593 669.503293
26.2593
669.503
H2O dari metanol + H2O dari HCl + H2O r
Input
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
kemurnian Ch3Cl =
fraksi berat
26.6788
34.9119
0.0000
38.4093
100.0000
2O dari HCl + H2O reaksi
Output
fraksi berat
1.3339
6.0716
39.9355
52.6590
100.0000
39.93546 %
Quencher berfungsi mendinginkan secara mendadak dengan bantuan air pendingin yang bersuhu 10
kondisi operasi :
T=
85 C
P=
2 atm
output dari reaktor
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
INPUT
Kmol
Kg/jam
0.278721
8.9308
1.114884
40.6498
5.295699
267.3693
19.57
352.5535
Diinginkan konsentrasi HCl bottom 8%

HCl
1.103735 Kmol/jam
99%
untuk menghindari kelarutan methil klorida dalam air maka air yang keluar harus bersuhu
Kelarutan metanol terhadap air =
80%
H2O di bottom =
55%
CH3Cl =
5%
TOTAL (Kg)
INPUT
TOP
BOTTOM
Kmol/jam Kg/jam
Kmol/jam Kg/jam
Kmol/jam
0.278721
8.9308 0.055744 1.7861557 0.222977
1.114884
40.6498 0.011149 0.4064979 1.103735
5.295699
267.3693 5.030914 254.00079 0.264785
19.57
352.5535 8.806498 158.64907 10.7635
669.5033
414.8425
14.82599
267.0903
0
0 14.82599
414.8425
936.5936
komponen
input
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
JUMLAH
air pendingin
top
bottom
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
1.333941
6.071633
39.93546
52.65896
%berat
0.43056235 1.369355
0.09798848 7.71312
61.2282455 2.56223
38.2432037 37.16416
endingin yang bersuhu 10 - 20 C
yang keluar harus bersuhu 30-40 C
BOTTOM
Kg/jam
7.144622626
40.24328767
13.36846256
193.9044129
254.6608
267.0902756
521.7511
936.5935685
Kmol yang terserap :

H2O dari utilitas yang dibutuhkan :
12.35499 Kmol
Total Kmol yaang terserap X BM K
222.5752 Kg/jam
H2O excess 20% agar pendinginan sempurna =
267.0903
aang terserap X BM Kmol
Kg/jam
ke distilasi
CW
top product
dari quencher
ke utilitas
input
Asumsi: metil klorida 5%

komponen
Kmol
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
TOTAL
terserap oleh H2O

95% terserap (kmol)
Kg
0.0557
0.0446
0.0111
0.0089
5.0309
0.2515
8.8065
7.0452
7.3503
1.7862
0.4065
254.0008
158.6491
maka kebutuhan H2O :

total Kmol x BM H2O =
132.4149 Kg/jam
digunakan air proses berlebih 20% untuk menyempurnakan penyerapan

total air proses =
158.8978924577 Kg/jam
H2O produk bawah = air proses + H2O yang terserap
165.9431 Kmol/jam
komponen
CH3OH
Kmol/jam
0.0557
input
Kg/jam
Top
Kmol/jam
1.7862
0.0111
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
JUMLAH
Cw
0.0111
5.0309
8.8065
0.4065
254.0008
158.6491
414.8425
158.8979
8.8203
TOTAL
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
0.0022
4.7794
1.7613
573.7404
input
0.4305623521
0.0979884771
61.228245463
38.243203708
100
top
output
bottom
%berat
0.1306294351
0.0297289797
88.236936254
11.6027053311
100
1.0107448648
0.2300278916
8.9833293559
89.7758978878
100
5% lolos (kmol)
Kg
0.0111
0.0022
4.7794
1.7613
Top
Kg/jam
0.35723
0.08130
241.30075
31.72981
273.46909
Kmol/jam
0.3572
Bottom
Kg/jam
0.0446
5%
1.4289
0.0813
241.3007
31.7298
273.4691
0.0089
0.2515
7.0452
573.7404
0.3252
12.7000
126.9193
141.3734
158.8979
300.2713
W
NM OVER ALL :
A
B
C
D
F=D+W
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Titik didih ( C ) (1 atm)

64.4
50.5
-24.3
100
FEED
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
TOTAL
Kmol
Kg
Yi
Xi
0.01114884 0.357231131 0.0017010621 0.001306
0.002229768 0.081299571 0.0003402124 0.000297
4.779368348 241.3007491 0.7292240416 0.882369
1.76129964 31.72981301 0.2687346839 0.116027
6.554046596 273.4690928
1
1
CH3Cl
HCl
CH3OH
H2O
NM komponen CH3OH (A)

%mol CH3OH . F = yA. D + XA . W
yA. D + XA . W =
0.01114884 Kmol
. . . . (3)
karena 99.99% CH3OH berada di distilat maka:

99.99% x %mol CH3OH . F = yA . D
YA. D =
0.011147725 Kmol
. . . . (4)
substitusi (4) ke (3)

XA. W=
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
TOTAL
1.1149E-006 Kmol
Xf. F
XD. D
XW. W
0.01114884 0.011147725 1.114884E-006
0.002229768 0.002229768
0
4.779368348 4.779368348
0
1.76129964 0.176129964
1.585169676
6.554046596 4.968875805 1.5851707909
LAJU ALIR DI DISTILAT =

LAJU ALIR DI BOTTOM =
T feed =
P=
294 K
760 mmHg
4.9688758046 Kmol
1.5851707909 Kmol
20.85 C
1 atm
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
XF
Psat
Ki
0.001701062 101.8657441 0.1340338738 5.567787

0.000340212 31946.67187 42.0350945603 1746.144
0.729224042 3818.050878 5.0237511548 208.6874
0.268734684 18.29555354 0.0240730968
1
T trial =
P=
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
300 K
303.3135975 K
30.1635975201 C
760 mmHg
1 atm
yD
Psat
Ki
0.002243511 165.1879689 0.2173525907 5.169852

0.000448747 38930.68934 51.2245912414 1218.405
0.9618611 4988.14329 6.5633464338 156.1128
0.035446642 31.95216562 0.0420423232
1
Trial =
T buble =T solver =
P=
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
350 K
373.1520591 K
100.002059055 C
760 mmHg
1 atm
Xw
Psat
Ki
7.03321E-007 2658.075462 3.4974677132 3.497473

0 123619.5705 162.657329653 162.6576
0 23332.29271 30.7003851427 30.70043
0.999999297 759.9988559 0.9999984946
1
T dew = T solver =
Distribusi komponen
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
input
Distilat
waste
0.01114884 0.011147725 1.114884E-006
0.002229768 0.002229768 2.685960E-023
4.779368348 4.779368347 1.349141E-013
1.76129964 0.176129964
1.585169676
6.554046596 4.968875805 1.5851707909
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
OUTPUT
INPUT
Kmol/jam
Kg/jam
Kmol/jam
Kg/jam
0.01114884 0.357231131 0.0111477251 0.357195
0.002229768 0.081299571
0.002229768
0.0813
4.779368348 241.3007491 4.7793683475 241.3007
1.76129964 31.72981301
0.176129964 3.172981
244.9122
273.4690928
input
top
0.130629435
0.02972898
88.23693625
11.60270533
bottom
%berat
0.145846296 0.0001250946
0.033195391 3.429395E-021
98.52539975 2.385255E-011
1.29555856 99.9998749053
menghitung reflux
T ave =
P=
Tdew + Tbuble
2
1 atm
338.232828288 K
komponen
Ch3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Xf
Xd
Xw
Psat
0.001701062 0.002243511 7.033211E-007 777.2914
0.000340212 0.000448747 1.694429E-023 73832.64
0.729224042
0.9618611 8.511012E-014 11771.87
0.268734684 0.035446642 0.9999992967 188.331
760 mmHg
umpan masuk dalam keadaan jenuh (1-q=0), maka q = 1

trial =
solver =
0.5
0.6400
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
TOTAL
maka :
Xf
0.0017
0.0003
0.7292
0.2687
1.0000
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
TOTAL
Komposisi reflux
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
4.1273
392.0366
62.5063
1.0000
.Xf / -
0.0020
0.0003
0.7368
0.7465
1.4856
0.64
Xd
0.0022
0.0004
0.9619
0.0354
1.0000
(L)
XL
0.0022
0.0004
0.9619
0.0354
Komposisi uap (V)

komponen
Yv
CH3OH
0.0022
HCl
0.0004
CH3Cl
0.9619
H2O
0.0354
4.1273
1218.4053
156.1128
1.0000
kmol/jam
0.001126829
0.000225388
0.483106006
0.017803491
0.502261715
Kmol/jam
0.012274555
0.002455156
5.262474353
0.193933455
5.47113752
.Xd / -
0.0027
0.0004
0.9658
0.0985
1.0674
-24.3
50.5
64.4 LK
100 HK
Y=
X=
fraksi mol
fraksi berat
NM komponen H2O (D)

%mol H2O x F = yB . D + XB . W
yB . D + XB . W =
1.76129964
karena 90% H2O berada dibottom maka:

90.0% x %mol H2O . F = XB . W
XB . W =
1.585169676

yB. D
0.176129964
antoine (gravin Towler, Chemical engineering design)

komponen
A
CH3OH
18.5875
HCl
16.504
CH3Cl
16.1052
H2O
18.3036
ln Psat A
yF
0.000228
0.014300861
3.663440121
0.006469276
3.684
DISTRIBUSI KOMPONEN
L. D =
L. W =
L. Ave =
5.1698520508
3.4974729783
(L.D x L. W)^0.5
4.2522250469
Nm =
XD
0.010321987
8.76038E-006
0.146550408
0.843118072
1.0000
4.9541990778
0.6286162413
7.8811184829
untuk komponen HCl (B)

HCl. Ave =
yW
2.45984E-006
0
0
0.999997791
1.0000
B
T C
XB.D
XB.W
XB. D =
( HCl.D x HCl. W)^0.5

445.1773332706
8.301569597064E+019
8.301569597064E+019
XB.F = XB.D + XB.W

XBW.W =
2.6859595332292E-023
XBD.D =
0.002229768
untuk komponen metil klorida ( C )

CH3Cl. Ave = ( CH3Cl.D x CH3Cl. W)^0.5
69.2295565569
XC.D
XC.W
XC.W
OUTPUT
W
Kmol/jam
Kg/jam
1.11488E-006 3.57E-005
2.68596E-023 9.79E-022
1.34914E-013 6.81E-012
1.585169676 28.556832
28.556867
273.46909
ki
1.022751809 4.1272622
97.1482079 392.03658
15.48930527 62.506293
0.247803935
1
(geankoplis, persamaan 11.7-19)
.X f
1 q

35425275596424.2
35425275596424.2
XC.F = XC.D + XC. W

XC.W =
1.3491407665950E-013
XC.D =
4.7793683475
kemurnian CH3Cl didistilat =

kemurnian ChH3Cl di bottom =
.X f
1 q

Rm/Rm+1 =
0.0631333
Rm + 1 =
Rm
RD =
RD =
.Xf / -
0.0674
1.5000 x Rdm
0.1011
Refluks distilat
L=
RD x D
0.5023 Kg/jam
uap yang keluar distilat menuju kondensor
V= L + D
V=
5.4711 Kg/jam
Kmol
. . . . (1)
Kmol
. . . . (2)
Kmol
l engineering design)
B
3626.55
1714.25
2077.97
3816.44
C
-34.29
-14.45
-29.55
-46.13
P = mmHg
T = Kelvin
A, B, C = konstanta Antoine
Menghitung stage teoritis (Nm)
L. Average L.D x L.W

Log[(
Nm
stage
X L. D .D
X
.W
) x( H .w
)]
X H . D .D
X L.W .W
Log L. Average
L. Average B. D x B.W
XA.W
. . . (1)
. . . (2)
Nm
X B. D .D
X
.D
( average ) x H . D
X B.W .W
X H .W .W
rida ( C )
CH3Cl. W)^0.5
XC.W
. . . . . (3)
. . . . (4)
98.5253997531 %
2.385255287E-011 %
menghitung kapasitas
CH3Cl yang didapat dari distilat =
241.30074913 Kg/jam
5791.2179791 Kg/hari
1911101.9331 Kg/tahun
1911.1019331 Ton/tahun
kapasitas yang diharapkan =

faktor scale -up pabrik =
2000 ton/tahun
1.0465166537
maka kebutuhan:
metanol
HCl
104.6517 Kmol/jam
120.3494 Kmol/jam
3353.249 Kg/jam
4388.06 Kg/jam
B.W
X H . D .D
X H .W .W
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
INPUT
OUTPUT
Kmol/jam
Kg/jam
Kmol/jam
5.57442
178.61556564
6.410583
233.736266763
0
0
14.274297
257.151460455
669.503292858
0.278721
1.114884
5.295699
19.569996
669.503292858
OU
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
air pendingin
INPUT
Kmol/jam
Kg/jam
Kmol/jam
0.278721
8.930778282
1.114884
5.295699
19.569996
14.8259937
40.649785524
267.369251112
352.55347794
267.0902756408
TOP
0.0557442
0.01114884
5.03091405
8.8064982
0
936.5935684988
OU
INPUT
komponen
Kmol/jam
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
CW
936.593
0.0557442
0.01114884
5.03091405
8.8064982
8.82031043
Kg/jam
1.7861556564
0.4064978552
254.0007885564
158.649065073
158.8978924577
VAPOR
Kmol/jam
0.01114884
0.002229768
4.7793683475
1.76129964
573.7403995987
INPUT
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
573.740
OU
DISTILAT
Kmol/jam
Kg/jam
Kmol/jam
0.01114884
0.3572311313
0.0111477251
0.00222977
4.77936835
1.76129964
0.081299571
241.3007491286
31.7298130146
273.4690928455
0.002229768
4.7793683475
0.176129964
273.469
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
INPUT (Kg/jam)
reaktor
CW Quencher
CW scrubber
178.615566
0
0
233.736267
0
0
0
0
0
257.15146
267.0902756408
158.8978924577
669.503293
267.0902756408
158.8978924577
1095.4914609565
OUTPUT
REAKTOR
Kg/jam
8.930778282
40.649785524
267.369251112
352.55347794
669.503292858
OUTPUT
TOP
BOTTOM
Kg/jam
Kmol/jam
Kg/jam
1.7861556564
0.2229768 7.1446226256
0.4064978552
1.10373516 40.2432876688
254.0007885564
0.26478495 13.3684625556
158.649065073
10.7634978 193.904412867
0 14.825993652 267.0902756408
414.842507141
521.7510613577
936.5935684988
QUENCH SYST
OUTPUT
VAPOR
Kg/jam
Kmol/jam
LIQUID
Kg/jam
0.3572311313
0.04459536 1.4289245251
0.081299571
0.008919072 0.3251982842
241.3007491286 0.2515457025 12.7000394278
31.7298130146
7.04519856 126.9192520584
8.8203104334 158.8978924577
273.4690928455
300.2713067532
573.7403995987
SCRUBBER
OUTPUT
DISTILAT
WASTE
Kg/jam
Kmol/jam
Kg/jam
0.3571954082 1.114884E-006 3.5723113E-005
0.081299571 2.685960E-023
241.3007491286 1.349141E-013
3.1729813015
1.585169676
244.9122254092
273.4690928455
9.7932771E-022
6.8115419E-012
28.5568317131
28.5568674363
DISTILASI
OUTPUT (Kg/jam)
NM
bottom quencher
L scrubber
distilat
waste
7.1446226256 1.4289245251
0.3571954082 3.5723113127997E-005
40.2432876688 0.3251982842
0.081299571 9.7932770541069E-022
13.3684625556 12.7000394278 241.3007491286 6.8115419023848E-012
460.9946885078 285.817144516
3.1729813015
28.5568317131
521.7510613577 300.271306753 244.9122254092
28.5568674363
1095.4914609565
OVER ALL
REAKTOR
QUENCH SYSTEM
SCRUBBER
DISTILASI
NM OVER ALL
basis perhitungan
satuan operasi
1 jam operasi
joule/jam
Temperatur basis
NE
25 0C
298.15 K
(Smith, 2001)
Qi H i
n.C p .dT
T0
Ideal gas
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
CH3OCH3
A
21.15
30.67
13.88
32.24
97.94
B
7.09E-02
-7.20E-03
1.01E-01
1.92E-03
1.67E-01
C
2.59E-05
1.25E-05
-3.89E-05
1.06E-05
9.99E-06
Cp liquid
Cpdt
A BT CT
DT
D
-2.85E-08
-3.90E-09
2.57E-09
-3.60E-09
-3.34E-08
To
Cp AT
fase liquid
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
B
T
2
c1
1.06E+05
47300
96910
276370
C 3
D
T
T
3
4
c2
-362.23
90
-207.9
-2090.1
c3
c4
c5
0.9379
0
0
0
0
0
0.37456 0.000488
0
8.125 -0.014116 9.3701E-006
Cpdt
C1 C 2T C 3T 2 C 4T 3 C 5T 4
To
Cp C1T
C2 2
C3 3
C4 4
C5 5
T
T
T
T
2
3
4
5
(gavin Towler, Chemical engineering design)
Cp gas
Cp.dT A B. exp(
C
)
TD
fase gas
HCl
(Perry, table 2-196 hal 220)
Cp = J/Kmol K
T T
Lv Lv ,b . c
Tc Tb
Lv =
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
6.7+0.00084T
latent heat temperature T, Kj/Kmol

latent heat at the normal boiling point, Kj/Kmol
critical temperature , K
boiling point, K
Temperature, K
(Perry,table 2-194 hal 211)
H2O
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
40683 Kj/kmol
647.3 K
100 C
373.15 K
30 C
303.15 K
51070.78
steam
Ts = 300 C
Ti = 30 C
To = 250 C
steam kondensat
T= 300 C
Neraca energi total:

H input + Q supply = H output + Q loss
entalpi komponen input

T=
komponen
CH3OH
H2O
30 C
303.15 K
Tref =
Cp dT (J/kmol K)
n (Kmol/jam)
H (Kj/jam)
524511.204166667
5.57442 2923.846
1356060.09189798
0.00558 7.566815
2931.413
neraca energi total

asumsi:
Q loss =
Q supply =
79874.787 Kj
Q loss =
5% dari Q supply (kehilangan maksimum 10
3993.7393608822 Kj
kebutuhan steam
steam yang digunakan pada tekanan 5 atm dengan suhu 360 C
540
572
steam =
Q steam =
M steam =
3188 Kj/Kg
Msteam . steam
25.0548266053 Kg
NERACA ENERGI
Komponen
CH3OH
H2O
Q supply
Q loss
input
output
H (Kj/jam)
H (Kj/jam)
2923.8457467308 78714.7478991
7.5668153128 97.7125196736
79874.787
0
0 3993.73936088
82806
82806
1312.038 btu/lb
Fungsi :
kondisi operasi :
o = 250 C
menguapkan methanol dengan bantuan steam

T=
P=
250
1.8
liquid
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Gas
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
entalpi komponen keluar

25 C
298.15 K
T=
komponen
CH3OH
H2O
entalpi komponen
y (kehilangan maksimum 10% ) ulrich, hal 432)
Tref
CH3OH
H2O
1 atm = 101.325 Kpa
komponen
dT (n. )
geankoplis, steam table A.2-10
CH3OH
H2O
T T
Lv Lv ,b . c
Tc Tb
engan bantuan steam

C
atm
C1
1.06E+05
4.73E+04
9.69E+04
C2
-3.62E+02
9.00E+01
-2.08E+02
C3
C4
9.38E-01 0.00E+00
0.00E+00 0.00E+00
3.75E-01 4.88E-04
2.76E+05
-2.09E+03
8.13E+00 -1.41E-02 9.37E-006
C5
0
0
0
2.12E+01
7.09E-02 2.59E-05 -2.85E-08
3.07E+01
-7.20E-03 1.25E-05 -3.90E-09
1.39E+01
1.01E-01 -3.89E-05 2.57E-09
3.22E+01
1.92E-03 1.06E-05 -3.60E-09
talpi komponen keluar

250 C
523.15 K
Tref =
25 C
298.15 K
Cp dT
n (Kmol/jam)
H (Kj/jam)
6633.8642461
5.57442 36979.95
7340.4542426
0.00558 40.95973
37020.91
talpi komponen
T
dT (n. )
terjadi perubahan fase
Tref
35278 Kj/Kmol
40683 Kj/Kmol
Cp dT
n (Kmol/jam)
6633.8642461
7340.4542426
5.57442 78714.75
0.00558 97.71252
78812.46
H2O
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T T
Lv ,b . c
Tc Tb
Lv =
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=

latent heat at the normal boiling point, Kj/Kmol
boiling point, K
Temperature, K
T=
Lv =
CH3OH
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
40683 Kj/kmol
573.15 K
100 C
373.15 K
250 C
523.15 K
10170.75
35278 Kj/kmol
573.15 K
64.4 C
337.55 K
250 C
523.15 K
7486.842
35278
steam
Ts = 300 C
Ti = 30 C
To = 250 C
steam kondensat
T = 300 C


T=
komponen
HCl
H2O
30 C
303.15 K
Tref =
Cp dT (J/kmol k)
n (Kmol/jam)
H (Kj/jam)
237625
6.410583 1523.315
1356060.09189798
14.268717 19349.24
20872.55
neraca energi total

asumsi:
Q loss =
Q supply =
309824.415 Kj
Q loss =
15491.2207552381 Kj
kebutuhan steam
steam =
3188 Kj/Kg
Geankoplis, steam table A.2
Q steam = Msteam . steam
M steam =
97.1845718647 Kg
NERACA ENERGI
Komponen
HCl
H2O
Q supply
Q loss
input
output
H (Kj/jam)
H (Kj/jam)
1523.314785375 65343.3291546
19349.2376862863 249862.417667
309824.415
0
0 15491.2207552
330697
330697
Fungsi :
menguapkan HCl dengan bantuan steam
kondisi operasi :
o = 250 C
T=
P=
250 C
1.8 atm
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
A
21.15
30.67
13.88
32.24
B
7.09E-02
-7.20E-03
1.01E-01
1.92E-03
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
C1
1.06E+05
4.73E+04
9.69E+04
2.76E+05
C2
-3.62E+02
9.00E+01
-2.08E+02
-2.09E+03
entalpi komponen keluar

25 C
298.15 K
eankoplis, steam table A.2-10
T=
250 C
523.15 K
komponen
HCl
H2O
Cp dT
n (Kmol/jam)
6763.286
6.410583
7340.454
14.268717
entalpi komponen
T
dT (n. )
Tref
HCl
H2O
komponen
HCl
H2O
16161 Kj/Kmol
40683 Kj/Kmol
Cp dT
n (Kmol/jam)
6763.286
6.410583
7340.454
14.268717
T T
Lv Lv ,b . c
Tc Tb
Lv =
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
latent heat temperature T

latent heat at the normal
boiling point, K
Temperature, K
C
2.59E-05
1.25E-05
-3.89E-05
1.06E-05
D
-2.85E-08
-3.90E-09
2.57E-09
-3.60E-09
C3
9.38E-01
0.00E+00
3.75E-01
8.13E+00
C4
C5
0.00E+00
0
0.00E+00
0
4.88E-04
0
-1.41E-02 9.37E-006
Tref =
25 C
298.15 K
H
43356.61
104738.9
148095.5
H
65343.33
249862.4
315205.7
heat temperature T, Kj/Kmol

heat at the normal boiling point, Kj/Kmol
l temperature , K
H2O
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
CH3OH
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
40683 Kj/kmol
573.15 K
100 C
373.15 K
250 C
523.15 K
10170.75
16161 Kj/kmol
573.15 K
64.4 C
337.55 K
250 C
523.15 K
3429.754
Ti = 250 C
To = 300 C

T=
Methanol
komponen
CH3OH
H2O
HCl
komponen
HCl
H2O
250 C
523.15 K
Tref =
Cp dT
n (Kmol/jam)
H
6633.864246094
5.57442 36979.95
7340.454242578
0.00558 40.95973
37020.91
Cp dT
n (Kmol/jam)
H
6763.286213086
6.410583
0
7340.454242578
14.268717 104738.9
104738.9
TOTAL INPUT =
141760 Kj/Jam
neraca energi total

asumsi:
Q loss =
Q supply =
92409.948 Kj
Q loss =
4620.497392419 Kj
NERACA ENERGI
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
H2O
Q supply
Q loss
TOTAL
input (Kj/jam)
output (Kj/jam)
36979.94553071 48143.33012156
0 52840.930714942
104779.8239735 128564.95912364
92409.9478
4620.4973924189
234169.7174
234169.7174
Fungsi :
memanaskan methanol dan HCl dengan bantuan steam
kondisi operasi :
T=
P=
300 C
3 atm
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
A
21.15
30.67
13.88
H2O
32.24
entalpi komponen output

25 C
298.15 K
T=
300
573.15
Methanol
komponen
CH3OH
H2O
Cp dT
8636.473
9006.745
HCl
komponen
HCl
H2O
Cp dT
8242.765
9006.745
TOTAL OUTPUT =
kebutuhan steam
steam yang digunakan pada tekanan 5 atm den
steam =
3188
M steam =
28.98681
B
7.09E-02
-7.20E-03
1.01E-01
C
D
2.59E-05 -2.85E-08
1.25E-05 -3.90E-09
-3.89E-05 2.57E-09
1.92E-03
1.06E-05 -3.60E-09
mponen output
C
K
Tref =
25 C
298.15 K
n (Kmol/jam)
H
5.57442 48143.33
0.00558 50.25764
48193.59
n (Kmol/jam)
H
6.410583 52840.93
14.268717 128514.7
181355.6
229549.2 Kj/Jam
gunakan pada tekanan 5 atm dengan suhu 360 C

Kj/Kg
Geankoplis, steam table A.2-10
Msteam . steam
Kg
To = 330 C
Ti = 300 C
300 C
25 C
H reaksi
25 C
Hr = HFproduk - HFreaktan

Q = Hreaksi + (H2 - H1)
H input + Hr = H output + Q serap
entalpi input
input =
H output dari heater
berdasarkan Himmelblau halaman 456:

panas reaksi standar, 25 C
Hf produk - Hf reaktan
H reaksi (25 C) =
reaksi yang terjadi :
CH3OH + HCl --> CH3Cl + H2O
data entalpii pembentukan (Gavin Towler, chemical engineering design)
komponen
Hf (Kj/mol) Kj/Kmol
CH3OH
-201.3
-201300
HCl
-92.36
-92360
CH3Cl
-86.37
-86370
H2O
-242
-242000
-622030
komponen
n (kmol)
Hf (Kj/jam)
H reaksi (Kj/jam)
CH3OH
0.278721
-56106.5373 -5034251.33109
HCl
1.114884
-102970.68624
CH3Cl
5.295699
-457389.52263
H2O
19.569996
-4735939.032
-5656281.33109
Neraca energi total

H reaktan + H reaksi = H produk + Q serap
Q serap =
5009390.3103
fungsi :
kondisi operasi :
mereaksikan metanol dan HCl

P=
T=
3 atm
300 C
330 C
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
A
21.15
30.67
13.88
32.24
entalpi keluar
T=
330
603.15
229549.2200 Kj/jam
komponen
Cp dT
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
9932.38257396
9128.821474133
8587.517184872
10014.68748267
NERACA ENERGI
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Hr
Q serap
ring design)
input (KJ/jam)
48143.33012156
52840.93071494
0
128564.9591236
5034251.33
5263800.5511
eksotermis
5034251.33
kebutuhan air pendingin:
Q = m.Cp.T
m=
Q
Cp.T
9970.6027
B
7.09E-02
-7.20E-03
1.01E-01
1.92E-03
C
K
C
2.59E-05
1.25E-05
-3.89E-05
1.06E-05
Tref =
n (kmol)
D
-2.85E-08
-3.90E-09
2.57E-09
-3.60E-09
25 C
298.15 K
H
0.278721
1.114884
5.295699
19.569996
2768.3636034
10177.5770004
45476.9061684
195987.393977
254410.240749
output (Kj/jam)
2768.3636033968
10177.577000367
45476.906168409
195987.39397713
0.1181102362
0.0098425197
5009390.3103
5263800.551
Cp air =
Tin =
T out =
Kg
2769.61185236
4.1868 Kj/Kg K
30 C
150 C
303.15 K
423.15 K
CW
Tc = 20 C
To = 85 C
Ti = 330 C
T = 30 C
entalpi input
H output dari reaktor =
Cooling water =
254410.24075 Kj/jam
7959805.3955 Kj/jam
8214215.636 Kj/jam
H2O dari utilitas

T=
komponen
H2O
20 C
293.15 K
Tref =
25
298.15
kg/jam
Kmol/jam
Cp dT (J/kmol K)H (Kj/jam)
5869.80285242 325.8286346 1356060.0919 7959805
H input = H output + Q serap
Q serap =
8176378.9 Kj/jam
NERACA ENERGI
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
CW
Q serap
TOTAL
input (Kj/jam)
output (Kj/jam)
top
bottom
2768.3636034 77.95415174 124.82000542
10177.5770004 20.38144738 280.11253132
45476.9061684 5093.942534 133.29352042
195987.393977 17072.37559 15033.841197
7959805.39547
0
8176378.9
22264.65373 8191950.9825
8214215.63622
8214215.6362

Q = m.Cp.T
m=
Q
Cp.T
-195289.4553 Kg
Cp air =
Tin =
T out =
4.1868
20
30
Fungsi :
mendinginkan secara mendadak dengan bantuan air pendingin yang bersuhu 10
kondisi operasi :
T=
85 C
P=
1.8 atm
komponen C1
C2
CH3OH
105800
HCl
47300
CH3Cl
96910
H2O
276370
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
CH3OCH3
A
21.15
30.67
13.88
32.24
97.94
C3
-362.23
90
-207.9
-2090.1
B
7.09E-02
-7.20E-03
1.01E-01
1.92E-03
1.67E-01
0.9379
0
0.37456
8.125
C
2.59E-05
1.25E-05
-3.89E-05
1.06E-05
9.99E-06
entalpi output
TOP PRODUCT
T=
C
K
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
85 C
358.15 K
Cp dT
1398.426
1828.123
1012.528
1938.611
Tref =
n (kmol)
0.0557442
0.01114884
5.03091405
8.8064982
BOTTOM PRODUCT
T=
30 C
303.15 K
CH3OH
35278 Kj/Kmol
HCl
16161 Kj/Kmol
CH3Cl
21436
H
77.95415174
20.381447377
5093.9425339
17072.375594
22264.653727
Tref =
(gavin Towler, Chemical engin
H2O
40683 Kj/Kmol
komponen
Cp dT
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
524511.2
237625
481966.9
1356060
n (Kmol/jam)
0.2229768
1.10373516
0.26478495
10.7634978
H
124.82000542
280.11253132
133.29352042
15033.841197
15572.067254
T T
Lv Lv ,b . c
Tc Tb
Kj/Kg K
C
C
293.15 K
303.15 K
Lv =
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=

latent heat at the normal boiling point, Kj/Km
boiling point, K
Temperature, K
dingin yang bersuhu 10 s/d 20 C
C4
C5
0
0
0
0
0.000488
0
-0.014116 9.37E-006
D
-2.85E-08
-3.90E-09
2.57E-09
-3.60E-09
-3.34E-08
25 C
298.15 K
25 C
298.15 K
Towler, Chemical engineering design)
re T, Kj/Kmol
mal boiling point, Kj/Kmol
H2O
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
CH3OH
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
40683 Kj/kmol
303.15 K
100 C
373.15 K
85 C
358.15 K
31965.21
40683 Kj/kmol
303.15 K
64.4 C
337.55 K
85 C
358.15 K
65045.49
CW
Tc = 30 C
Ti= 85
To = 50 C
CW
Tco = 45 C
NERACA ENERGI TOTAL :
H input = H output + Q
entalpi input
H output dari top Quencher =
22264.65 Kj/Jam
entalpi output
T=
50 C
323.15 K
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Cp dT
551.0444544271
764.5642026693
378.4851986003
806.6558467448
n (kmol)
0.055744
0.011149
5.030914
8.806498
Neraca energi total

Q serap =
13217.4724249061 Kj/jam
H ( 45 C) =
H ( 30 C) =
m=
188.4 Kj/Kg
125.7 Kj/Kg
Q
H (45 C) - H (30 C)
Tref =
H
30.71753
8.524004
1904.127
7103.813
9047.181
25 C
298.15 K
m=
210.8049828534 Kg
Fungsi =
mendinginkan uap keluaran quencher dengan bantuan CW
kondisi operasi =
T=
50 C
P=
1.8 atm
= H output + Q serap
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
NERACA ENERGI
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Q serap
input (KJ/jam)
output (Kj/Jam)
77.9541517402
30.7175322765
20.3814473765
8.5240039653
5093.94253395 1904.1265033551
17072.3755938 7103.8132623775
13217.472424906
22264.6537269 22264.653726881
A
21.15
30.67
13.88
32.24
B
7.09E-02
-7.20E-03
1.01E-01
1.92E-03
C
2.59E-05
1.25E-05
-3.89E-05
1.06E-05
D
-2.85E-08
-3.90E-09
2.57E-09
-3.60E-09
CW
Tc = 20 C
To = 35 C
Ti = 50 C
T = 30 C
entalpi input
H output dari cooler =
Cooling water =
9047.181302 Kj/jam
4735463.688 Kj/jam
4744510.869 Kj/jam
H2O dari utilitas

T=
komponen
H2O
20 C
293.15 K
Tref =
25
298.15
kg/jam
Kmol/jam
Cp dT
H
3492.07510514 193.842637 1356060.0919 4735464
Q serap =
4738577.0 Kj/jam
NERACA ENERGI
input (Kj/jam)
output (Kj/jam)
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
CW
Q serap
TOTAL
top
bottom
30.7175322765 2.397608792 5.9362745515
8.5240039653 0.683076257 0.529848621
1904.12650336 687.5457983 2280.370971
7103.81326238 568.018619
2388.43
4735463.688
0
4738577.0
1258.645102 4743252.2242
4744510.8693
4744510.8693

Q = m.Cp.T
m=
Q
Cp.T
113178.9662 Kg
Cp air =
Tin =
T out =
4.1868
20
30
Fungsi :
menyerap HCl excess dan komponen lainnya dengan bantuan CW
kondisi operasi :
T=
35 C
P=
1 atm
komponen C1
C2
CH3OH
105800
HCl
47300
CH3Cl
96910
H2O
276370
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
CH3OCH3
A
21.15
30.67
13.88
32.24
97.94
C3
-362.23
90
-207.9
-2090.1
B
7.09E-02
-7.20E-03
1.01E-01
1.92E-03
1.67E-01
0.9379
0
0.37456
8.125
C
2.59E-05
1.25E-05
-3.89E-05
1.06E-05
9.99E-06
entalpi output
TOP PRODUCT
T=
C
K
35 C
308.15 K
Tref =
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Cp dT
n (kmol)
H
215.0546 0.01114884 2.3976087919
306.3441 0.002229768 0.6830762569
143.857 4.7793683475 687.54579828
322.4997 1.76129964 568.01861903
1258.6451024
BOTTOM PRODUCT
T=
30 C
Tref =
303.15 K
CH3OH
35278 Kj/Kmol
HCl
16161 Kj/Kmol
CH3Cl
21436
(gavin Towler, Chemical engin
H2O
40683 Kj/Kmol
komponen
Cp dT
n (Kmol/jam)
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
524511.2
0.01114884 5.9362745515
237625
0.002229768 0.529848621
481966.9 4.7793683475 2280.370971
1356060
1.76129964 2388.4281517
4675.2652459
T T
Lv Lv ,b . c
Tc Tb
Kj/Kg K
C
C
293.15 K
303.15 K
Lv =
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=

latent heat at the normal boiling point, Kj/Km
boiling point, K
Temperature, K
C4
C5
0
0
0
0
0.000488
0
-0.014116 9.37E-006
D
-2.85E-08
-3.90E-09
2.57E-09
-3.60E-09
-3.34E-08
25 C
298.15 K
25 C
298.15 K
Towler, Chemical engineering design)
re T, Kj/Kmol
mal boiling point, Kj/Kmol
H2O
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
CH3OH
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
HCl
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
CH3Cl
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
40683 Kj/kmol
293.15 K
100 C
373.15 K
30 C
303.15 K
5085.375
35278 Kj/kmol
293.15 K
64.4 C
337.55 K
30 C
303.15 K
7945.495
16161 Kj/kmol
293.15 K
50.5 C
323.65 K
30 C
303.15 K
5298.689
21436 Kj/kmol
293.15 K
-24.3 C
248.85 K
30 C
Lv =
303.15 K
-4838.826
CW
Tc = 30 C
Ti= 35
To = 32.5 C
CW
Tco = 45 C
NERACA ENERGI TOTAL :
H input = H output + Q
entalpi input
H output dari top scrubber =
1258.645 Kj/Jam
entalpi output
T=
20.85 C
294 K
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Cp dT
435973.091871969
197070.012499999
400395.181001081
1129129.65565319
Tref =
25 C
298.15 K
n (kmol)
H
0.011149 4.860594
0.00223 0.43942
4.779368 1913.636
1.7613 1988.736
3907.672
dT ( n. )
Tref
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
35278 Kj/Kmol
16161 Kj/Kmol
21436 Kj/Kmol
40683 Kj/Kmol
Cp dT
88.3838261591
127.2187872375
58.4742542195
n (kmol)
H
0.011149 8.514937
0.00223 1.28793
4.779368 -1686.285
H2O
133.8128193893
1.7613
Neraca energi total

Q serap =
1938.1091664822 Kj/jam
H ( 45 C) =
H ( 30 C) =
m=
m=
188.4 Kj/Kg
125.7 Kj/Kg
Q
H (45 C) - H (30 C)
30.9108320013 Kg
997.0183
-679.4641
Fungsi =
mengkondensasi uap keluaran scrubber dengan bantuan CW
kondisi operasi =
T=
32 C
P=
1 atm
= H output + Q serap
l engineering design)
gas
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
A
21.15
30.67
13.88
32.24
B
7.09E-02
-7.20E-03
1.01E-01
1.92E-03
liquid
komponen C1
C2
CH3OH
105800
-362.23
HCl
47300
90
CH3Cl
96910
-207.9
H2O
276370
-2090.1
T T
Lv Lv ,b . c
Tc Tb
Lv =
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
latent heat temperature T,

latent heat at the normal b
boiling point, K
Temperature, K
NERACA ENERGI
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Q serap
input (KJ/jam)
output (Kj/Jam)
2.3976087919
8.5149370664
0.6830762569
1.2879303005
687.545798281 -1686.285280431
568.018619031 997.0183489428
1938.1091664822
1258.64510236 1258.6451023612
C
2.59E-05
1.25E-05
-3.89E-05
1.06E-05
D
-2.85E-08
-3.90E-09
2.57E-09
-3.60E-09
C3
C4
C5
0.9379
0
0
0
0
0
0.37456 0.000488
0
8.125 -0.014116 9.37E-006
atent heat temperature T, Kj/Kmol

atent heat at the normal boiling point, Kj/Kmol
ritical temperature , K
oiling point, K
emperature, K
H2O
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
CH3OH
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
40683 Kj/kmol
293.15 K
100 C
373.15 K
20.85 C
294 K
432.2569
35278 Kj/kmol
293.15 K
64.4 C
337.55 K
20.85 C
294 K
675.3671
HCl
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
CH3Cl
Lv,b =
Tc =
Tb =
T=
Lv =
16161 Kj/kmol
293.15 K
50.5 C
323.65 K
20.85 C
294 K
450.3885
21436 Kj/kmol
293.15 K
-24.3 C
248.85 K
20.85 C
294 K
-411.3002
Neraca energi total

H input + Q reboiling = H output + Q kondensasi + Q loss
F.Hf + Q reboiling = D.Hd + W.Hw + Q kondensasi + Q loss
entalpi input = entalpi output dari condensor
Neraca energi di sekitar kondensor

t = 30 C
T = 32.5 C
t= 45 C
entalpi vapor (V.Hv) pada suhu 32.49 C

T=
32.5 C
Tref =
305.65 K
komponen
CH3OH
25
298.15
Yv
Kg/jam
n (kmol)
Cp dT
0.002244 0.393301 0.012275 104.2817
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
0.000449 0.089517 0.002455 222.1237

0.961861 265.6918 5.262474 112.0175
0.035447 3.493711 0.193933 234.7517
Q kondensasi = V.Hv - D.Hd - L.HL

kebutuhan air pendingin
suhu air pendingin masuk =
suhu air pendingin keluar =
Cp air pendingin =
Q serap =
m.Cp.T
m air pendingin =
Q serap
Cp.T
1771.861 Kg
111202
30 C
45 C
4.184 Kj/Kg
Neraca energi total :

H input + Q reboiling = H output + Q kondensasi + Q loss
F.Hf + Q reboiling = D.Hd + W.Hw + Q kondensasi + Q loss
Asumsi :: Q loss =
Q reboiling =
Q loss =
5% Q reboiling (Kehilangan maksimum 10%)

142217.2 Kj
7110.861 Kj
kebutuhan steam:
steam =
2783.1 Kj/Kg
Smith, steam table F-2
M steam =
51.10029 Kg
fungsi :
kondisi operasi =
memisahkan metil klorida dari impuritiesnya.

P=
1 atm
T=
trial boiling point feed
i total
ut + Q kondensasi + Q loss
w + Q kondensasi + Q loss
3907.6717252366 Kj/jam
T = 29.5 C
entalpi distilat
T=
C
K
35278
H
434.3017
komponen
CH3OH
30.1635839225
303.3135839225
Kg/jam
0.3571954082
16161
21436
40683
Kj/jam
nsasi + Q loss
asi + Q loss
n maksimum 10%)
engan suhu 150 C

mith, steam table F-2
40.22313
113395.9
7935.321
113870.4
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
entalpi bottom
T=
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
0.081299571
241.3007491286
3.1729813015
100.0020555086
373.1520555086
Kg/jam
3.572311313E-005
9.793277054E-022
6.811541902E-012
28.5568317131
NERACA ENERGI
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Q reboiling
Q kondensasi
Q loss
input (KJ/jam)
4.8605942456
0.4394204076
1913.6360545681
1988.7356560153
142217.2123456
146124.88407084
komponen
CH3OH
21.15
7.09E-02 2.59E-05 -2.85E-08
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
30.67
13.88
32.24
-7.20E-03 1.25E-05 -3.90E-09

1.01E-01 -3.89E-05 2.57E-09
1.92E-03 1.06E-05 -3.60E-09
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
C
K
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
105800
-362.23
0.9379
0
0
47300
90
0
0
0
96910
-207.9 0.37456 0.000488
0
276370
-2090.1
8.125 -0.014116 9.37E-006
Tref =
25 C
298.15 K
n (kmol)
Cp dT H
0.0111477251 541521.2
6.03673
entalpi reflux
T=
30.16358 C
303.3136 K
komponen Kg/jam
n (kmol)
CH3OH
0.005006 0.000156
0.002229768 245437.3 0.547268

4.7793683475 497648.6 2378.446
0.176129964 1399566 246.5056
2631.536
C
K
Tref =
25 C
298.15 K
n (kmol)
Cp dT H
1.114884E-006 7048293 0.007858
2.685960E-023 3800736 1.02E-019
1.349141E-013 6740236 9.09E-010
1.585169676 15885037 25180.48
25180.49
output (Kj/jam)
distilat
bottom
6.0367297503 0.007858
0.5472683189 1.02E-019
2378.4460465 9.09E-010
246.50556316 25180.48
111202
7110.861
2631.5356077 143493.3
146124.884070835
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
0.001139 3.12E-005
3.38161 0.066978
0.044466 0.002468
Tref =
25 C
298.15 K
Cp dT H
541521.2 0.084599
245437.3 0.007669
497648.6 33.33176
1399566 3.454551
36.87858
Tipe
dasar pemilihan
tangki silinder tegak dengan dasar datar dan atasnya berbentuk kerucut
Umumnya digunakan untuk liquid pada tekanan atmospherik
Perhitungan :
MENGHITUNG DENSITAS CAMPURAN:
komponen
CH3OH
H2O
%mol
kmol/jam
massa (Kg/jam)
(Kg/m3) Volume (m3/jam)
0.999
5.57442
178.61556564
783.9 0.227855
0.001
0.00558
0.1005237
995 0.000101
178.71608934
0.227956
Densitas campuran =
783.993558 Kg/m3
48.9447178 lb/ft3
direncanakan penyimpanan untuk 10 hari dengan 1 buah tangki (memudahkan proses pengisian dan
pengosongan) sehingga volume masing-masing:
penyimpanan =
jumlah tangki =
kebutuhan metanol =
10 hari
2 buah
178.716089 Kg/jam
42891.8614 Kg
94559.398 lb
selama 1 hari
selama 10 hari
volume metanol pada tangki:

volume tangki =
1931.96328 ft3
volume metanol dalam 1 tangki =
965.9816410697 ft3
asumsi bahan isi
80% volume tangki (faktor keamanan)
sehingga volume tangki =
1159.1779692836 ft3
1159.1779692836 ft3
MENENTUKAN DIMENSI TANGKI
rasio H/D =
3/8
volume
1
. .D 2 .H
4
H=
5.9207164 ft
1.8046344 m
D=
15.788577 ft
4.8123583 m
D = Diameter
H = Tinggi Tangki
=
Brownel,1977:41-43
3.141593
digunakan diameter
20 ft
dan
tinggi
8 ft ,maka Vol =
MENENTUKAN JUMLAH PLATE DAN TEBAL SHELL
P.d
C
2. f .E
(Brownell and Young, pers 3.16,1977 : 45)
t
P
d
C
E
f
( H 1)
144
= tebal shell ; in
= tekanan internal ; psi
= inside diameter ; in
= faktor korosi ; in (1/8 in)
= faktor pengelasan, digunakan double welded , E =
= stress allowable, bahan konstruksi Carbon Steel SA-283
Grade C, maka f=
12650 psi
P = tekanan internal ; Psi

densitas air pada suhu 30 Celcius =
H = tinggi course; ft
direncanakan akan menggunakan shell plate dengan 96 in (8 ft) butt-weldes courses .

Courses 1
H=
8 ft
t1 =
0.1587215 in
dipilih tebal shell standar =
0.1875 in
Brownell; hal 348
menghitung panjang plate
direncanakan menggunakan 10 plate untuk tiap course, allowance untuk vertical welded joint
(jarak sambung antar plate) = 5/32 in dan lebar = 8 ft
L = panjang tiap plate ; ft
.d weld .length
L
d = diameter dalam tangki + tebal shell;in
12n
n = jumlah plate
weld length = n x allowable welded joint
L1 =
6.2750732 in
jadi =
panjang plate =
lebar plate =
tebal plate =
Courses 2
H = 16 ft - 8 ft
t2 =
0.1587215
6.2750732132 in
8 ft
0.1875 in
0.1875 in

.d weld .length
L
12n
n = jumlah plate
L1 =
6.2750732 in
jadi =
panjang plate =
lebar plate =
tebal plate =
6.2750732132 in
8 ft
0.1875
MENENTUKAN TOP ANGLE UNTUK CONICAL ROOF

Top angle untuk tangki conical dengan diameter antara 35 ft hingga 60 ft adalah 2 1/2 x 21/2 x 5/16
bila digunakan 10 plate tiap angle, maka panjang tiap angle :
L=
6.2783457 ft
UMENENTUKAN TEBAL DAN TINGGI HEAD TANGKI
th
P.D
2. cos ( f .E 0.6 P )
tekanan penyimpanan = 1 atm =

dan diambil faktor keamanan
P=
16.17 Psi
th =
0.208572 in
(Brownell and Young, Pers.6.154, 1977 : 118)
cos 30 =
14.7 psi
10% maka:
0.866
Sudut adalah sudut cone roof terhadap garis horizontal.
sin
D
430 .th

D=
th =
sin =
=
diameter tangki standar; ft

cone shell thickness; in
0.2230004
12.885 derajat
Menghitung tinggi head (h)
sin
h=
h
0,5.D
2.2300037 ft
0.6797051155 m
MENENTUKAN DIAMETER PIPA PENGISIAN DAN PENGELUARAN
diameter.optimum 3,9 xq f
qf =
=
Di =
0.45
x 0,13
(Peters, 4thed, pers.11-45,1991 : 365)
fluid flow rate ; ft3 /s

fluid density ; lb/ft3
diameter optimum ; inch
direncanakan waktu pengisian selama 8 jam.

Qf =
0.1073313 ft3/s
Di =
2.3689355 in
digunakan pipa standar :

D nominal
=
Schedule no
=
OD
=
ID
=
Flow area /pipe
=
2 in
80
2.375 in
1.939 in
27.41 in2
(Brownell and Young, Appendix K, 1977 : 388)
atasnya berbentuk kerucut

an atmospherik
olume (m3/jam)
udahkan proses pengisian dan
rownel,1977:41-43
KONVERSI
1 Kg/m3 =
1 Kg
1 hari
1 ft
0.06243 lbm/ft3
2.2046 lb
24 jam
12 inch
0.3048 m
,maka Vol =
uble welded , E =
85%
si Carbon Steel SA-283
995.65 Kg/m3
62.15843 lb/ft3
eldes courses .
rownell; hal 348
k vertical welded joint
p plate ; ft
lam tangki + tebal shell;in
56 bbl
= 2513.274 ft3
71.16788 m3
p plate ; ft
ft adalah 2 1/2 x 21/2 x 5/16
ngki standar; ft
hickness; in
pers.11-45,1991 : 365)
Tipe
dasar pemilihan
tangki silinder tegak dengan dasar datar dan atasnya berbentuk kerucut
Umumnya digunakan untuk liquid pada tekanan atmospherik
Perhitungan :
komponen
HCl
H2O
%mol
kmol/jam
massa (Kg/jam)
(Kg/m3) Volume (m3/jam)
31%
6.410583
233.736266763
1193 0.195923
69% 14.268717
257.050936755
995 0.258343
490.787203518
0.454266
Densitas campuran =
1080.39665 Kg/m3
67.449163 lb/ft3
direncanakan penyimpanan untuk 7 hari dengan 5 buah tangki (memudahkan proses pengisian dan
pengosongan) sehingga volume masing-masing:
penyimpanan =
jumlah tangki =
kebutuhan HCl =
7 hari
2 buah
490.787204 Kg/jam
82452.2502 Kg
181774.23 lb
selama 1 hari
selama 7 hari

volume tangki =
2694.98127 ft3
volume HCl dalam 1 tangkki =
1347.4906327154 ft3
asumsi bahan isi
1616.9887592585 ft3
1616.9887592585 ft3
rasio H/D =
3/8
volume
1
. .D 2 .H
4
H=
6.6154575 ft
2.0163915 m
D=
17.64122 ft
5.3770439 m
D = Diameter
H = Tinggi Tangki
=
Brownel,1977:41-43
3.141593
digunakan diameter
20 ft
dan
tinggi
8 ft ,maka Vol =
P.d
C
2. f .E
t
P
d
C
E
f
( H 1)
144
= tebal shell ; in
= stress allowable, bahan konstruksi Low alloy Steel SA-225
Grade B, maka f=
18750 psi


Courses 1
H=
8 ft
t1 =
0.1477508 in
0.28 in
Brownell; hal 348
.d weld .length
L
12n
n = jumlah plate
L1 =
6.2774949 in
jadi =
panjang plate =
lebar plate =
tebal plate =
Courses 2
H = 16 ft - 8 ft
t2 =
0.1217499
6.2774948575 in
8 ft
0.28
0.19 in

.d weld .length
L
12n
n = jumlah plate
L1 =
6.2751387 in
jadi =
panjang plate =
lebar plate =
tebal plate =
6.275138663 in
8 ft
0.19 in

L=
6.2783457 ft
th
P.D
2. cos ( f .E 0.6 P )

P=
16.17 Psi
th =
0.1406752 in
cos 30 =
14.7 psi
10% maka:
0.866
sin
D
430 .th

D=
th =
sin =
=

0.3306313
19.268 derajat
sin
h=
h
0,5.D
3.3063125 ft
1.0077640647 m
qf =
=
Di =
0.45
x 0,13
(Peters, 4thed, pers.11-45,1991 : 365)


Qf =
0.0935757 ft3/s
Di =
2.3219616 in

D nominal
=
Schedule no
=
OD
=
ID
=
Flow area /pipe
=
2 in
80
2.375 in
1.939 in
27.41 in2
atasnya berbentuk kerucut

an atmospherik
olume (m3/jam)
dahkan proses pengisian dan
rownel,1977:41-43
KONVERSI
1 Kg/m3 =
1 Kg
1 hari
1 ft
0.06243 lbm/ft3
2.2046 lb
24 jam
12 inch
0.3048 m
,maka Vol =
uble welded , E =
85%
si Low alloy Steel SA-225
995.65 Kg/m3
62.15843 lb/ft3
eldes courses .
rownell; hal 348
p plate ; ft
56 bbl
= 2513.274 ft3
71.16788 m3
p plate ; ft
ft adalah 2 1/2 x 21/2 x 5/16
ngki standar; ft
hickness; in
pers.11-45,1991 : 365)
pompa 1
Fungsi
Mengalirkan metanol dari tangki metanol
Tujuan Perancangan :
1. Menentukan tipe pompa
2. menentukan dimensi pipa
a. Menghitung kapasitas (debit) pemompaan
b. Menghitung diameter optimal pipa
c. Menentukan pemilihan jenis pipa
3. Menghitung kehilangan energi akibat gesekan
a. Menghitung kecepatan linier fluid
b. Menghitung bilangan Reynold
c. menghitung panjang ekuivalen pipa
d. Menghitung frisi dalam pemipaan
4. Menghitung tenaga pompa
a. Menghitung presure head
b. Menghitung potensial head
c. Menghitung velocity head
d. Menghitung power pompa
Langkah Perancangan :
Dalam perancangan ini dipilih pompa centrifugal dengan pertimbangan :
a. konstruksi sederhana
b. Kecepatan putaran stabil
c. Fluida dialirkan pada tekanan yang uniform
d. Tidak memelukan areal yang luas
e. Biaya perawatannya paling murah dibandingkan tipe pompa lain.
(peters, p.521)
1. Menentukan kapasitas pemompaan (Perancangan

Dari data neraca massa
Komponen
x
(kg/m3)
.X
CH3OH
0.40988775
783.9 321.3110068467
H2O
0.59011225
995 587.1616892301
Jumlah
908.4726960769
pompa centrifugal)
M (kg/jam)
178.6155656
257.1514605
435.7670261
Laju alir feed (Q) =

960.69199 lb/jam
r
=
56.757094 lb/cuft
Kapasitas pemompaan
Qf
Qf
16.92637727 cuft/jam
0.0047017715 cuft/dtk
volumetric fluida dengan faktor keamanan 10%

pemompaan (Qf)
=
18.619015 cuft/jam
10%
0.005171949
2.321331591
2. Menentukan diameter pompa

Dari persamaan 45, Peters hal. 365, Diameter Optimal pipa adalah :
Di ,opt 3,9 Q f
Di Opt =
0 , 45
0 ,13
0.616923931 inch
4
dengan diameter dalam mendekati hasil perhitungan adalah :
a. Digunakan pipa nominal
2 in
b. Diameter luar, OD
2.38 in
c. Schedule No.
80
d. Diameter dalam, ID
1.939 in
e. Inside sectional area
2.95 in2
3. Menentukan bilangan Reynold

Menentukan kecepatan linear fluida (v)
Qf
A
0.252477379
v
metanol =
camp =
Re
0.52 Kg/m.s
0.00035 lb/ft.s
0.85 Kg/m.s
0.000571175 lb/ft.s
4.80E-04 lb/ft.s
air =
N Re
Qf
Kern, fig 14, 1965 : 823
Dv
NRe
= 4801.781014
< 2100 berarti aliran yang masuk menuju tangki produk adalah aliran Turbulen
(Peters,1980, hal 496)
Untuk komersial steel :

NRe
=
4801.781014
D in
=
1.939 in
0.0490661585 m
(Geankoplis Fig.2.10-3 p.88)
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.000938
Untuk (e/D vs NRe), maka :
fanning friction factor (f )
0.03 (Geankoplis Fig.2.10-3 p.88)

a.Menentukan pressure head
Data :
g=
Konstanta kecepatan gravitasi ft/s2
gc =
Faktor konversi, lb ft/lbfs2
32.2
32.174
P1 =P cairan dlm tangki
1 atm
2116.1
P2 = P masuk vaporizer
1.1 atm
2327.71
211.61
3.728344513 ft.lbf/lbm
b. Menentukan potensial head
potensialH ead Z
direncanakan :
Z1
=
Z2
DZ
g
gc
1m
3.28 ft
3m
2m
9.84 ft
6.56 ft
Potensial Head
6.5653012 ft.lbf/lbm
c. Menentukan Velocity head
V 2
2 gc
Karena kecepatan linear cairan titik 1 dan titik 2 relatif sama, maka :
V1 = V2
Velocity Head
=
0 ft.lbf/lbm
VelocityHe ad
d. Friction Head (SF)

NRe
=
4,801.78
D
1.939 in
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.000938
fanning friction factor (f ) =
in
0.0490661585 m
0.03
Menentukan Panjang ekuivalen :

Komponen
L/D
Pipa lurus
Elbow 90o
Gate valve, fully open
Check valve, fully open
Sharp edge entrance
k = 0,5
Sharp edge exit (k=1,0)
pipa lurus vertikal
Total Panjang ekivalen (Le)
Jumlah
Panjang (Le) (ft)

1
125
35
13
135
28
2
1
1
1
11.26559
2.092181
21.726495
4.506236
58
1
1
9.334346
8.5
182.424848
Kehilangan energi karena friksi
f 4f
f
L
v2
D
2g c
0.134747039
(Geankoplis Eqs.2.10-6 p.89)

ft.lbf/lbm
e. Menentukan Power Head (-Wf)
Wf pressurehe ad potensialh ead velocityhead f

(-Wf) =
10.42839273 ft.lbf/lbm
Kapasitas (Qf)
=
0.0051719 cuft/dtk
viskositas kinematik =
8.46E-006 ft2/s
2.321331591
= 0.786150961
Dari Fig.14-36 peters p.520, untuk kapasitas 24.259 gallon/mnt diperoleh effisiensi ()
pompa=
80%
Bhp
( Wf ) Q f
550
Bhp
=
Broke Horsepower =
3.1226408333 HP
Dari fig 14-38 Peters p.521, untuk Bhp = 3.1 diperoleh
effisiensi motor =
82%
Powermotor
Power motor
Bhp
mot or
3.8080986
Dipakai power motor =
Resume :
Kode
Fungsi
Tipe
Jumlah
Kapasitas
Tenaga Pompa
Bahan Kontruksi
Pipa
:
:
:
:
P-01
centrifugal
1
2.3213316 gallon/menit
3.1226408 HP
Commercial Steel
D nominal=
OD
ID
Sch
=
=
=
2 in
2.38 in
1.939 in
80
1 kg =
1 gr =
0.001 kg
1m =
35.31467 in2
1 cm3 =
1 jam =
1 cuft =
0.000001 m3
3600 dtk
7.480519 gallon
Bahan baku :
Metanol
Kemurnian
H 2O
an pertimbangan :
(peters, p.521)
2.2046 lb
99.90%
0.10%
n pompa centrifugal)
100%
cuft/dtk
gallon/mnt
0.19754
0.160937 ft
0.0204848 ft2
ft/dtk
duk adalah aliran Turbulen

ft/s2
lb ft/lbfs2
lbf/ft2
lbf/ft2
0.160937 ft
Panjang (Le) (ft)
velocityhead f
velocityhead f
gallon/mnt
Cs
n/mnt diperoleh effisiensi ()
HP
0.0508
0.060452
0.0492506
1 menit =
1 in =
2
1m=
1 atm =
1 in =
1 Kg/m.s =
60 second
0.006944 ft2
3.28 ft
2116.1 lbf/ft2
0.083 ft
0.67197 lbf/ft.s
pompa 2
Fungsi
Mengalirkan HCl dari tangki HCl
1. Menentukan kapasitas pemompaan (Perancangan pompa centrifugal)
Komponen
HCl
H2O
x
0.476150154
0.523849846
Jumlah
.X
M (kg/jam)
1193 568.047133361 233.7362668
995 521.2305970711 257.1514605
1089.2777304321 490.8877272

1082.2111 lb/jam
r
=
68.05294072 lb/cuft
Kapasitas pemompaan
Qf
Qf
15.90248815 cuft/jam
0.0044173578 cuft/dtk

pemompaan (Qf)
=
17.492737 cuft/jam
10%
0.004859094
2.18091252

Di ,opt 3,9 Q f
Di Opt =
0 , 45
0 ,13
0.614164307 inch
Dari tabel 13 hal 888, Peters spesifikasi pipa standart

2 1/2 in
2.88 in
c. Schedule No.
80
2.323 in
4.23 in2

v
HCl =
air =
Qf
A
1.5 Kg/m.s
0.00101 lb/ft.s
0.85 Kg/m.s
0.16542654
0.000571175 lb/ft.s
0.000779148 lb/ft.s
camp =
N Re
N
Re
Kern, fig 14, 1965 : 823
Dv
NRe
= 2785.862298

NRe
=
2785.862298
D in
=
2.323 in
0.0587832317 m
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.000783

Data :
g=
gc =
32.2
32.174
1 atm
2116.1
1.1 atm
2327.71
211.61
3.109490902 ft.lbf/lbm
potensialH ead Z
direncanakan :
Z1
=
Z2
DZ
Potensial Head
g
gc
1m
3.28 ft
3m
2m
9.84 ft
6.56 ft
VelocityHe ad
V 2
2 gc
V 2
VelocityHe ad
2 gc
V1 = V2
Velocity Head
=
0 ft.lbf/lbm

NRe
=
2785.862298
D
2.323 in
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.000783
in
0.0587832317 m

Komponen
L/D
Pipa lurus
Elbow 90o
Sharp edge entrance
k = 0,5
pipa lurus vertikal
Jumlah
Panjang (Le) (ft)

1
125
35
13
135
28
2
1
1
1
13.49663
2.506517
26.029215
5.398652
58
1
1
11.182922
8.5
192.113936
f 4f
f
L
v2
D
2g c
0.067799559

ft.lbf/lbm

(-Wf) =
9.742591635 ft.lbf/lbm
Kapasitas (Qf)
=
0.0048591 cuft/dtk
2.18091252
1.14E-005 ft2/s
= 1.063659852
pompa=
80%
Bhp
( Wf ) Q f
550
Bhp
=
Broke Horsepower =
3.286298173 HP
effisiensi motor =
83%
Powermotor
Power motor
Bhp
mot or
3.9593954
Resume :
Kode
Fungsi
Tipe
Jumlah
Kapasitas
Tenaga Pompa
Bahan Kontruksi
Pipa
:
:
:
:
P-02
centrifugal
1
3.2862982 HP
Commercial Steel
D nominal=
2 1/2 in
OD
=
2.88 in
ID
=
2.323 in
Sch
=
80
an pertimbangan :
(peters, p.521)
1 kg =
2.2046 lb
1 gr =
0.001 kg
1m =
35.31467 in2
1 cm3 =
1 jam =
1 cuft =
0.000001 m3
3600 dtk
7.480519 gallon
Bahan baku :
HCl
Kemurnian
H 2O
31.00%
69.00%
100%
cuft/dtk
gallon/mnt
0.23904 ft
0.192809 ft
0.0293731 ft2
ft/dtk

ft/s2
lb ft/lbfs2
lbf/ft2
lbf/ft2
0.192809 ft
Panjang (Le) (ft)
velocityhead f
gallon/mnt
Cs
/mnt diperoleh effisiensi ()
HP
0.0635
0.073152
0.0590042
1 menit =
1 in =
2
1m=
1 atm =
1 in =
1 Kg/m.s =
60 second
0.006944 ft2
3.28 ft
2116.1 lbf/ft2
0.083 ft
0.67197 lbf/ft.s
Vaporizer (V-01)
Fungsi :
Menguapkan metanol dari cair menjadi uap
Tipe
Double pipe Exchanger
Tujuan :
1. Menghitung Clean Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient

(Uc)
2. Menentukan koefisien perpindahan panas (UD)
3. Menghitung Dirt Factor (Rd)
4. Menghitung Pressure Drop (DP)
Kondisi Operasi :
Fluida Panas
Thot in
Thot out
Fluida Dingin
Tcold out
Tcold in
T (oC)
T (K)
T (oF)
300
300
573
573
572
572
250
30
523
303
482
86
Dari neraca massa dan panas diperoleh data -data :

Beban panas vaporizer Qr =
75881.04786 Kj/jam
71921.35472 Btu/jam
Umpan masuk Vaporizer =
178.62 kg/jam
393.775876 lb/jam
Kebutuhan steam Wt =
25.05 kg/jam
55.23587073 lb/jam
1. Menghitung perbedaan temperatur logaritmik (TLMTD) :

t1
90 oF
t2
486 oF
TLMTD
t 2 t1
t 2
ln
t1
(Pers. 5.14, Kern, hal.89)

TLMTD =
234.8198801 oF
Menentukan Tempratur kalorik

Tc
=
572 oF
tc
284 oF
(pers. 5.28, Kern, hal. 95-96)
2. Menentukan Koefisien Perpindahan Panas Overall (UD)

Dari tabel 8. Kern, hal 840 untuk sistem metanol diperoleh harga :
UD
=
50-100
Btu/jam.ft2.F
Dipilih UD =
75
Btu/jam.ft2.F
2.A. Menghitung Luas Area Perpindahan panas

A
Q
U D TLMTD
4.083774321 ft2
0.3793826345
A < 200 ft2 maka dipakai double pipe exchanger.

Dari tabel 11, Kern, hal. 844 untuk 1 IPS diperoleh :
surface per lin ft :
outside (ao) =
0.435 ft2/ft
inside (ai) =
panjang pipa(L) =
0.362 ft2/ft
20 ft
Dari Tabel 9 dan 10 Kern hal 842-844, diambil spesifikasi shell dan tube
sebagai berikut
OD
=
3/4
BWG
=
10
ID Tube
=
0.482 in
=
0.040006
panjang tube
=
8 in
=
0.664
Susunan tube
=
trianguler pitch
Flow area per tube
Surface area
Tube Pitch, (PT)
Jumlah Tube (Nt)

=
Dari Tabel 9 Kern diperoleh :
0.182 in2
outside
0.1963 ft2
inside
0.1263 ft
0.9375 atau 15/16 in

31.33093496 buah
Nt
ID Shell
Jumlah Pass (n)
=
=
=
32
8
2
[Kern, tabel 9 hal 842]
Menentukan luas permukaan transfer panas (UD terkoreksi)

At
At
UD
Nt x ao x L
4.1709824 ft2
73.43187881 Btu/jam.ft2.F
Untuk pemilihan jarak buffle (buffle spacing) 0.2 - 1 kali ID Shell
[Wallas, Chemical Engineering Equipment, hal 199]
Dipilih baffle spacing (B)=
0.9 kali ID shell
B
=
7.2 in
PREHEATING ZONE
A. Cold fluid : shell side,
C' = PT - OD
C' =
0.9375 in
as
as
GS
ID.C '.B
144.PT
0.4 ft2
Gs
W
as
984.43969002 lb/jam.ft2
16.407328167 lb/mnt.ft2
b. Menentukan bilangan reynold shell
Res
De .G S
NRes = De x Gs/m
De =
De =
0.55 in
0.04565 ft
Pada T = 300C metanol =

=
0.52 cp
1.2584 lb/ftjam
Dari Kern, hal 839, fig.28
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Res
jH
= 35.71175449
=
16 [Fig.28 Kern, hal 839]
c. Menghitung k (c /k )1/3
Menghitung k (c /k )1/3 =
0.105
d. Menghitung ho
ho = jH x k/Dex(cxm/k)1/3
ho = 36.80175246 Btu/jam ft2 0F
B. Hot fluid : tube side, water
at' :
Jumlas pass tube (n) =
0.182 in2
2
Nt.at '
at
n
Gt
at
W
at
Gt
a. Menentukan bilangan Reynold

NRes = De x Gt/
Dt =
Dt =
Ret
b. Menentukan hio
steam
v = Gt / 3600
v=
[tabel 10, Kern, hal 843]

0.020220928 ft
= 19473.679745 lb/jam.ft
0.482 in
0.040006 ft
Pada T = 300C steam =
R et
0.001263808
0.85 cp
2.057 lb/ftjam
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Dt .G t
378.7379834
62.5 lb/ft3
0.086549688 ft/s
(T = 86 F)
hi =
hio = hi.(ID /OD)
1000 Btu/.jft2.oF
hio :
[Fig.25 hal 836, Kern]
876.3636364 Btu/j.ft2.oF
c. Menentukan Up (clean overall coefficient for preheating)
Up
Up
hio .ho
hio ho
35.31859399 Btu/j.ft2.oF
d. Menentukan Ap (clean surface coefficient for preheating)
A
p
Ap
Q
p
U
p
11.14925119 .ft2
VAPORIZATION ZONE
perhitungan fluida dingin di shell
a. Menentukan bilangan reynold shell
Res
De .G S
NRes = De x Gs/m
De =
De =
Pada T =250 0C metanol =
Res
jH
=
=
0.72 in
0.05976 ft
0.017 cp
0.04114 lb/ftjam
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
1429.997955
150 [Fig.28 Kern, hal 839]
0.07
d. Menghitung ho
ho = 175.7028112 Btu/jam ft2 0F
e.perhitungan fluida panas di Tube
untuk condensing steam :
hio =
1500 Btu/jam.ft2.F
f. Menentukan Uv (Clean overall coeffisient for vaporization)
Uv
Uv
hioxho
hio ho
157.2798083 Btu/jam.ft2.F
g. Menentukan Av (Clean surface for vaporization)
A
v
Av
Q
v
U
v
457.282823 ft2
h. Menentukan total clean surface (Ac)

Ac = Ap + Av
Ac =
468.4320742 ft2
i. Menentukan clean overall coeficient (Uc)
Uc
Uc
UA
AC
153.5363582 Btu/jam.ft2.F
j. Menghitung dirt factor
RD
Uc U D
U C .U D
RD
Uc U D
U C .U D
RD =
0.007104948
RD > 0.003, berarti memenuhi syarat

378.7379834
k. Menentukan Pressure Drop ditube

dari fig.29 hal 840, Kern pada Ret=
378.7379834
f
=
0.0015 ft2/in2
Spesific volum =
0.3647
Kern, tabel 7 hal 817
S
=
0.043871675
1
f.Gt 2 .L.n
Pt .
2 (5,22.1010 ).D.s. t
Pt =
0.002061321 Psi
PREHEATING
menentukan P dishell (Ps)
Bilangan reynold (Res) =
dari fig 29 kern, didapat:
f
S
35.71175449
=
=
0.0005 ft2/in2
0.79
Jumlah crosses dan baffle
Lp
Lp
N
LxAp
Ac
=
=
jumlah crosses
N + 1 = N x Lp/B
jumlah baffle
N
=
Ds
=
0.476024244 ft
12
5.712290922
4.712290922
0.666666667 ft
menentukan Ps
f.Gs 2 .Ds.(N 1)
Ps
(5,22.1010 )De.s. s
Ps =
1.76442E-005 Psi
VAPORIZING
f
=
S
=
1429.997955
0.0016 ft2/in2
0.79

Lv
=
9.523975756 ft
jumlah crosses
N + 1 = N x Lv/B
15.87329293
jumlah baffle
N
=
Ds
=
14.87329293
0.00498 ft
menentukan Ps
f.Gs 2 .Ds.(N 1)
Ps
(5,22.1010 )De.s. s
Ps =
Menentukan Ps total
Ps total =
5.96853E-007 Psi
0.000018241 Psi
1 kg =
1 gr =
1 m3 =
Heat Transfer Coefficient
1 cm3 =
ndahan panas (UD)
1 jam =
1 cuft =
Pers. 5.14, Kern, hal.89)
pers. 5.28, Kern, hal. 95-96)
m2
ft
ft
28.2690092 in2
is small, 100 to 200 ft2 or less.
Kern, tabel 9 hal 842]
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
ft2
tabel 10, Kern, hal 843]
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Fig.25 hal 836, Kern]
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
2.2046 lb
1 menit =
60 second
0.001 kg
1 in =
0.006944 ft
35.31467 in2
1m=
3.28 ft
0.000001 m3
1 atm =
3600 dtk
7.480519 gallon
1 in =
1 kkal =
1 KJ =
2116.1 lbf/ft2
0.083 ft
3.968321 Btu
0.9478171 Btu
1 cp =
kern, p.103
2.42 lb/ft.jam
Vaporizer (V-02)
Fungsi :
Menguapkan HCl dari cair menjadi uap
Tipe
Tujuan :

(Uc)
Kondisi Operasi :
Fluida Panas
Thot in
Thot out
Fluida Dingin
Tcold out
Tcold in
T (oC)
T (K)
T (oF)
300
300
573
573
572
572
250
30
523
303
482
86

294333.1943 Kj/jam
278974.0347 Btu/jam
233.74 kg/jam
515.2949737 lb/jam
97.18 kg/jam
214.2531071 lb/jam

t1
90 oF
t2
486 oF
TLMTD
TLMTD =
t 2 t1
t 2
ln
t1
234.8198801 oF
satuan dalam deg F


Tc
=
572 oF
tc
284 oF
(pers. 5.28, Kern, hal. 95-96)

Dari tabel 8. Kern, hal 840 untuk sistem HCl diperoleh harga :
UD
=
100-200 Btu/jam.ft2.F
Dipilih UD =
200
Btu/jam.ft2.F

A
Q
U D TLMTD
5.94017071 ft2

outside (ao) =
0.435 ft2/ft
inside (ai) =
panjang pipa(L) =
0.362 ft2/ft
20 ft
sebagai berikut
OD =
3/4
BWG =
10
ID Tube =
0.482 in
=
0.040006
panjang tube =
8 in
=
0.664
Susunan tube =
trianguler pitch
Flow area per tube =
0.182 in2
Surface area =
Tube Pitch, (PT)
Jumlah Tube (Nt)

=
outside
0.1963 ft2
inside
0.1263 ft2
0.9375 atau 15/16 in

45.57330731 buah
Nt
ID Shell
Jumlah Pass (n)
=
=
=
47
10
4

At
At
UD
Nt x ao x L
6.1261304 ft2
193.9289673 Btu/jam.ft2.F
Dipilih baffle spacing (B) =
0.9 kali ID shell
B=
9 in
PREHEATING ZONE
C'
= PT - OD
C' =
as
0.9375 in
ID.C '.B
144.PT
as
GS
0.625 ft2
W
as
Gs
824.4719579 lb/jam.ft2
13.7411992988
Res
De .G S
NRes = De x Gs/m
De =
De =
Pada T = 300C HCl =
0.55 in
0.04565 ft
1.5 cp
3.63 lb/ftjam
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Res
jH
=
=
10.36835947
0.16
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
d. Menghitung ho
ho =
38.55421687 Btu/jam ft2 0F

at' :
Nt.at '
at
n
Gt
at
W
at
Gt

NRes = De x Gt/
Dt =
Dt =
R et
Ret
0.182 in2
4
=
0.001263808

0.014849744 ft
= 34700.596435 lb/jam.ft
0.482 in
0.040006 ft
0.85 cp
2.057 lb/ftjam
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Dt .G t
b. Menentukan hio
steam
v = Gt / 3600
v=
674.8818964
62.5 lb/ft3
0.154224873 ft/s
T = 86 F
hi =
hio = hi.(ID /OD)
1000 Btu/.jft2.oF
hio :
876.3636364 Btu/j.ft2.oF
Up
Up
hio .ho
hio ho
36.92955993 Btu/j.ft2.oF
A
p
Ap
Q
p
U
p
13.95345557 .ft2
VAPORIZATION ZONE
Res
De .G S
NRes = De x Gs/m
De =
De =
Pada T =250 0C HCl =
Res
jH
=
=
0.72 in
0.05976 ft
0.024 cp
0.05808 lb/ftjam
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
848.3203203
0.07
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
d. Menghitung ho
ho =
35.14056225 Btu/jam ft2 0F

hio =
1500 Btu/jam.ft2.F
Uv
Uv
hioxho
hio ho
34.33616743 Btu/jam.ft2.F
A
v
Av
Q
v
U
v
8124.786649 ft2

Ac = Ap + Av
Ac =
8138.740104 ft2
Uc
Uc
UA
AC
34.27729982 Btu/jam.ft2.F
RD
Uc U D
U C .U D
RD =
0.024017299

674.8818964

674.88189644
f
=
0.0035 ft2/in2
Spesific volum =
0.3647
S
=
0.043871675
1
f.Gt 2 .L.n
Pt .
2 (5,22.1010 ).D.s. t
Pt =
0.015272149 Psi
PREHEATING
f
=
S
=
10.36835947
0.0038 ft2/in2
0.79
Lp
Lp
N
LxAp
Ac
=
=
jumlah crosses
N + 1 = N x Lp/B
0.034288982 ft
16
jumlah baffle
N
=
Ds
=
menentukan Ps
f.Gs 2 .Ds.(N 1)
Ps
(5,22.1010 )De.s. s
0.548623709
-0.451376291
0.625 ft
Ps
f.Gs 2 .Ds.(N 1)
(5,22.1010 )De.s. s
Ps =
1.20446E-005 Psi
VAPORIZING
f
=
S
=
Lv
=
jumlah crosses
N + 1 = N x Lv/B
jumlah baffle
N
=
Ds
=
848.3203203
0.0017 ft2/in2
0.79
9.9657110182 ft
17.71681959
16.71681959
0.003735 ft
menentukan Ps
f.Gs 2 .Ds.(N 1)
Ps
(5,22.1010 )De.s. s
Ps =
Menentukan Ps total
Ps total =
4.96465E-007 Psi
0.000012541 Psi
1 kg =
1 gr =
1 m3 =
1 cm3 =
ndahan panas (UD)
1 jam =
1 cuft =
atuan dalam deg F

pers. 5.28, Kern, hal. 95-96)
ft
ft
28.2690092 in2
lb/mnt.ft2
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
ft2
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
2.2046 lb
1 menit =
60 second
0.001 kg
1 in =
0.006944 ft
35.31467 in2
1m=
3.28 ft
0.000001 m3
1 atm =
3600 dtk
7.480519 gallon
1 in =
1 kkal =
1 KJ =
2116.1 lbf/ft2
0.083 ft
3.968321 Btu
0.9478171 Btu
1 cp =
kern, p.103
2.42 lb/ft.jam
pompa 1
Fungsi
Komponen
CH3OH
H2O
x
(kg/m3)
.X
M (kg/jam)
0.999437523
783.9 783.4590742349 178.6155656
0.000562477
995
0.5596646719
0.1005237
Jumlah
784.0187389068 178.7160893

393.99749 lb/jam
r
=
48.98179709 lb/cuft
Kapasitas pemompaan
Qf
Qf
8.043753271 cuft/jam
0.0022343759 cuft/dtk

pemompaan (Qf)
=
8.8481286 cuft/jam
10%
0.002457813
1.103143235

Di ,opt 3,9 Q f
Di Opt =
0 , 45
0 ,13
0.433028157 inch
4
2 in
2.38 in
c. Schedule No.
80
1.939 in
2.95 in2

v
metanol =
air =
Qf
A
0.52 Kg/m.s
0.00035 lb/ft.s
0.85 Kg/m.s
0.119982304
0.000571175 lb/ft.s
0.000349549 lb/ft.s
camp =
N Re
N
Re
Kern, fig 14, 1965 : 823
Dv
NRe
= 2705.824275

NRe
=
2705.824275
D in
=
1.939 in
0.0490661585 m
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.000938

Data :
g=
gc =
32.2
32.174
1 atm
2116.1
1.1 atm
2327.71
211.61
4.320176322 ft.lbf/lbm
potensialH ead Z
direncanakan :
Z1
=
Z2
DZ
Potensial Head
g
gc
1m
3.28 ft
3m
2m
9.84 ft
6.56 ft
VelocityHe ad
V 2
2 gc
V 2
VelocityHe ad
2 gc
V1 = V2
Velocity Head
=
0 ft.lbf/lbm

NRe
=
2,705.82
D
1.939 in
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.000938
in
0.0490661585 m

Komponen
L/D
Pipa lurus
Elbow 90o
Sharp edge entrance
k = 0,5
pipa lurus vertikal
Jumlah
Panjang (Le) (ft)

1
125
35
13
135
28
2
1
1
1
11.26559
2.092181
21.726495
4.506236
58
1
1
9.334346
8.5
182.424848
f 4f
f
L
v2
D
2g c
0.030430471

ft.lbf/lbm

(-Wf) =
10.91590797 ft.lbf/lbm
Kapasitas (Qf)
=
0.0024578 cuft/dtk
1.103143235
7.14E-006 ft2/s
= 0.662984592
pompa=
20%
Bhp
( Wf ) Q f
550
Bhp
=
Broke Horsepower =
0.0119467787 HP
effisiensi motor =
81%
Powermotor
Power motor
Bhp
mot or
0.0147491
Resume :
Kode
Fungsi
Tipe
Jumlah
Kapasitas
Tenaga Pompa
Bahan Kontruksi
Pipa
:
:
:
:
P-01
centrifugal
1
0.0119468 HP
Commercial Steel
D nominal=
OD
ID
Sch
=
=
=
2 in
2.38 in
1.939 in
80
an pertimbangan :
(peters, p.521)
1 kg =
2.2046 lb
1 gr =
0.001 kg
1m =
35.31467 in2
1 cm3 =
1 jam =
1 cuft =
0.000001 m3
3600 dtk
7.480519 gallon
Bahan baku :
Metanol
Kemurnian
H 2O
99.90%
0.10%
100%
cuft/dtk
gallon/mnt
0.19754
0.160937 ft
0.0204848 ft2
ft/dtk

ft/s2
lb ft/lbfs2
lbf/ft2
lbf/ft2
0.160937 ft
Panjang (Le) (ft)
velocityhead f
gallon/mnt
Cs
HP
1 menit =
1 in =
2
1m=
1 atm =
1 in =
1 Kg/m.s =
60 second
0.006944 ft2
3.28 ft
2116.1 lbf/ft2
0.083 ft
0.67197 lbf/ft.s
pompa 2
Fungsi
Komponen
HCl
H2O
x
0.476247679
0.523752321
Jumlah
.X
M (kg/jam)
1193 568.1634815445 233.7362668
995 521.1335589801 257.0509368
1089.2970405246 490.7872035

1081.9895 lb/jam
r
=
68.05414713 lb/cuft
Kapasitas pemompaan
Qf
Qf
15.8989498 cuft/jam
0.0044163749 cuft/dtk

pemompaan (Qf)
=
17.488845 cuft/jam
10%
0.004858012
2.180427261

Di ,opt 3,9 Q f
Di Opt =
0 , 45
0 ,13
0.614104224 inch

2 1/2 in
2.88 in
c. Schedule No.
80
2.323 in
4.23 in2

v
HCl =
air =
Qf
A
1.5 Kg/m.s
0.00101 lb/ft.s
0.85 Kg/m.s
0.165389732
0.000571175 lb/ft.s
0.00077919 lb/ft.s
camp =
N Re
N
Re
Kern, fig 14, 1965 : 823
Dv
NRe
= 2785.139543

NRe
=
2785.139543
D in
=
2.323 in
0.0587832317 m
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.000783

Data :
g=
gc =
32.2
32.174
1 atm
2116.1
1.1 atm
2327.71
211.61
3.109435779 ft.lbf/lbm
potensialH ead Z
direncanakan :
Z1
=
Z2
DZ
Potensial Head
g
gc
1m
3.28 ft
3m
2m
9.84 ft
6.56 ft
VelocityHe ad
V 2
2 gc
V 2
VelocityHe ad
2 gc
V1 = V2
Velocity Head
=
0 ft.lbf/lbm

NRe
=
2785.139543
D
2.323 in
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.000783
in
0.0587832317 m

Komponen
L/D
Pipa lurus
Elbow 90o
Sharp edge entrance
k = 0,5
pipa lurus vertikal
Jumlah
Panjang (Le) (ft)

1
125
35
13
135
28
2
1
1
1
13.49663
2.506517
26.029215
5.398652
58
1
1
11.182922
8.5
192.113936
f 4f
f
L
v2
D
2g c
0.067769391

ft.lbf/lbm

(-Wf) =
9.742506345 ft.lbf/lbm
Kapasitas (Qf)
=
0.004858 cuft/dtk
2.180427261
1.14E-005 ft2/s
= 1.063699147
pompa=
37%
Bhp
( Wf ) Q f
550
Bhp
=
Broke Horsepower =
0.0158277617 HP
effisiensi motor =
83%
Powermotor
Power motor
Bhp
mot or
0.0190696
Resume :
Kode
Fungsi
Tipe
Jumlah
Kapasitas
Tenaga Pompa
Bahan Kontruksi
Pipa
:
:
:
:
P-02
centrifugal
1
0.0158278 HP
Commercial Steel
D nominal=
2 1/2 in
OD
=
2.88 in
ID
=
2.323 in
Sch
=
80
an pertimbangan :
(peters, p.521)
1 kg =
2.2046 lb
1 gr =
0.001 kg
1m =
35.31467 in2
1 cm3 =
1 jam =
1 cuft =
0.000001 m3
3600 dtk
7.480519 gallon
Bahan baku :
HCl
Kemurnian
H 2O
31.00%
69.00%
100%
cuft/dtk
gallon/mnt
0.23904 ft
0.192809 ft
0.0293731 ft2
ft/dtk

ft/s2
lb ft/lbfs2
lbf/ft2
lbf/ft2
0.192809 ft
Panjang (Le) (ft)
velocityhead f
gallon/mnt
Cs
HP
1 menit =
1 in =
2
1m=
1 atm =
1 in =
1 Kg/m.s =
60 second
0.006944 ft2
3.28 ft
2116.1 lbf/ft2
0.083 ft
0.67197 lbf/ft.s
Vaporizer (V-01)
Fungsi :
Menguapkan metanol dari cair menjadi uap
Tipe
Tujuan :

(Uc)
Kondisi Operasi :
Fluida Panas
Thot in
Thot out
Fluida Dingin
Tcold out
Tcold in
T (oC)
T (K)
T (oF)
300
300
573
573
572
572
250
30
523
303
482
86

75881.04786 Kj/jam
71921.35472 Btu/jam
178.72 kg/jam
393.9974906 lb/jam
25.05 kg/jam
55.23587073 lb/jam

t1
90 oF
t2
486 oF
TLMTD
t 2 t1
t 2
ln
t1

TLMTD =
234.8198801 oF

Tc
=
572 oF
tc
284 oF
(pers. 5.28, Kern, hal. 95-96)

Dari tabel 8. Kern, hal 840 untuk sistem metanol diperoleh harga :
UD
=
50-100
Btu/jam.ft2.F
Dipilih UD =
75
Btu/jam.ft2.F

A
Q
U D TLMTD
4.083774321 ft2

outside (ao) =
0.435 ft2/ft
inside (ai) =
panjang pipa(L) =
0.362 ft2/ft
20 ft
sebagai berikut
OD
=
3/4
BWG
=
10
ID Tube
=
0.482 in
=
0.040006
panjang tube
=
8 in
=
0.664
Susunan tube
=
trianguler pitch
Flow area per tube
Surface area
Tube Pitch, (PT)
Jumlah Tube (Nt)

=
0.182 in2
outside
0.1963 ft2
inside
0.1263 ft
0.9375 atau 15/16 in

31.33093496 buah
Nt
ID Shell
Jumlah Pass (n)
=
=
=
688
33
4

At
At
UD
Nt x ao x L
89.6761216 ft2
3.415436224 Btu/jam.ft2.F
Dipilih baffle spacing (B)=
0.9 kali ID shell
B
=
29.7 in
PREHEATING ZONE
C' = PT - OD
C' =
0.9375 in
as
ID.C '.B
144.PT
as
GS
W
as
6.80625 ft2
Gs
57.887601919 lb/jam.ft2
Res
De .G S
NRes = De x Gs/m
De =
De =
0.55 in
0.04565 ft
Pada T = 300C metanol =

=
0.52 cp
1.2584 lb/ftjam
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Res
jH
= 2.0999436011
=
0.105
d. Menghitung ho
ho = 36.80175246 Btu/jam ft2 0F
at' :
0.182 in2
4
Nt.at '
at
n
Gt
at
W
at
Gt

NRes = De x Gt/
Dt =
Dt =
Ret
b. Menentukan hio
steam
v = Gt / 3600
v=

0.217374976 ft
1812.524596 lb/jam.ft
0.482 in
0.040006 ft
R et
0.001263808
0.85 cp
2.057 lb/ftjam
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Dt .G t
35.25126835
62.5 lb/ft3
0.008055665 ft/s
(T = 86 F)
hi =
hio = hi.(ID /OD)
1000 Btu/.jft2.oF
hio :
876.3636364 Btu/j.ft2.oF
Up
Up
hio .ho
hio ho
35.31859399 Btu/j.ft2.oF
A
p
Ap
Q
p
U
p
11.15552592 .ft2
VAPORIZATION ZONE
Res
De .G S
NRes = De x Gs/m
De =
De =
Pada T =250 0C metanol =
Res
jH
=
=
0.72 in
0.05976 ft
0.017 cp
0.04114 lb/ftjam
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
84.0875812
150 [Fig.28 Kern, hal 839]
0.07
d. Menghitung ho
ho = 175.7028112 Btu/jam ft2 0F
hio =
1500 Btu/jam.ft2.F
Uv
Uv
hioxho
hio ho
157.2798083 Btu/jam.ft2.F
A
v
Av
Q
v
U
v
457.282823 ft2

Ac = Ap + Av
Ac =
468.4383489 ft2
Uc
Uc
UA
AC
153.5343016 Btu/jam.ft2.F
RD
Uc U D
U C .U D
RD
Uc U D
U C .U D
RD =
0.286275166

35.25126835

35.251268346
f
=
0.0015 ft2/in2
Spesific volum =
0.3647
S
=
0.043871675
1
f.Gt 2 .L.n
Pt .
2 (5,22.1010 ).D.s. t
Pt =
1.78574E-005 Psi
PREHEATING
f
S
2.0999436011
=
=
0.0005 ft2/in2
0.79
Lp
Lp
N
LxAp
Ac
=
=
jumlah crosses
N + 1 = N x Lp/B
jumlah baffle
N
=
Ds
=
0.476285767 ft
12
5.715429204
4.715429204
2.75 ft
menentukan Ps
f.Gs 2 .Ds.(N 1)
Ps
(5,22.1010 )De.s. s
Ps =
0.000000061 Psi
VAPORIZING
f
=
S
=
84.0875812
0.0016 ft2/in2
0.79

Lv
=
9.523714233 ft
jumlah crosses
N + 1 = N x Lv/B
3.847965347
jumlah baffle
N
=
Ds
=
2.847965347
0.00498 ft
menentukan Ps
f.Gs 2 .Ds.(N 1)
Ps
(5,22.1010 )De.s. s
Ps =
5.00293E-010 Psi
Menentukan Ps total
Ps total =
6.15429E-008 Psi
1 kg =
1 gr =
1 m3 =
1 cm3 =
ndahan panas (UD)
1 jam =
1 cuft =
pers. 5.28, Kern, hal. 95-96)
ft
ft
28.2690092 in2
0.96479337 lb/mnt.ft2
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
ft2
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
2.2046 lb
1 menit =
60 second
0.001 kg
1 in =
0.006944 ft
35.31467 in2
1m=
3.28 ft
0.000001 m3
1 atm =
3600 dtk
7.480519 gallon
1 in =
1 kkal =
1 KJ =
2116.1 lbf/ft2
0.083 ft
3.968321 Btu
0.9478171 Btu
1 cp =
kern, p.103
2.42 lb/ft.jam
Vaporizer (V-02)
Fungsi :
Menguapkan HCl dari cair menjadi uap
Tipe
Tujuan :

(Uc)
Kondisi Operasi :
Fluida Panas
Thot in
Thot out
Fluida Dingin
Tcold out
Tcold in
T (oC)
T (K)
T (oF)
300
300
573
573
572
572
250
30
523
303
482
86

294333.1943 Kj/jam
278974.0347 Btu/jam
490.79 kg/jam
1081.989469 lb/jam
97.18 kg/jam
214.2531071 lb/jam

t1
90 oF
t2
486 oF
TLMTD
TLMTD =
t 2 t1
t 2
ln
t1
234.8198801 oF
satuan dalam deg F


Tc
=
572 oF
tc
284 oF
(pers. 5.28, Kern, hal. 95-96)

Dari tabel 8. Kern, hal 840 untuk sistem HCl diperoleh harga :
UD
=
100-200 Btu/jam.ft2.F
Dipilih UD =
200
Btu/jam.ft2.F

A
Q
U D TLMTD
5.94017071 ft2

outside (ao) =
0.435 ft2/ft
inside (ai) =
panjang pipa(L) =
0.362 ft2/ft
20 ft
sebagai berikut
OD =
3/4
BWG =
10
ID Tube =
0.482 in
=
0.040006
panjang tube =
8 in
=
0.664
Susunan tube =
trianguler pitch
0.182 in2
Surface area =
Tube Pitch, (PT)
Jumlah Tube (Nt)

=
outside
0.1963 ft2
inside
0.1263 ft2
0.9375 atau 15/16 in

45.57330731 buah
Nt
ID Shell
Jumlah Pass (n)
=
=
=
1024
39
2

At
At
UD
Nt x ao x L
133.4714368 ft2
8.901036584 Btu/jam.ft2.F
Dipilih baffle spacing (B) =
0.9 kali ID shell
B=
35.1 in
PREHEATING ZONE
C'
= PT - OD
C' =
as
0.9375 in
ID.C '.B
144.PT
as
GS
9.50625 ft2
W
as
Gs
113.8187475 lb/jam.ft2
1.8969791258
Res
De .G S
NRes = De x Gs/m
De =
De =
Pada T = 300C HCl =
0.55 in
0.04565 ft
1.5 cp
3.63 lb/ftjam
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Res
jH
=
=
1.431356977
0.16
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
d. Menghitung ho
ho =
38.55421687 Btu/jam ft2 0F

at' :
Nt.at '
at
n
Gt
at
W
at
Gt

NRes = De x Gt/
Dt =
Dt =
R et
Ret
0.182 in2
2
=
0.001263808

0.647069696 ft
1672.137446 lb/jam.ft
0.482 in
0.040006 ft
0.85 cp
2.057 lb/ftjam
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Dt .G t
b. Menentukan hio
steam
v = Gt / 3600
v=
32.52091914
62.5 lb/ft3
0.007431722 ft/s
T = 86 F
hi =
hio = hi.(ID /OD)
1000 Btu/.jft2.oF
hio :
876.3636364 Btu/j.ft2.oF
Up
Up
hio .ho
hio ho
36.92955993 Btu/j.ft2.oF
A
p
Ap
Q
p
U
p
29.29873714 .ft2
VAPORIZATION ZONE
Res
De .G S
NRes = De x Gs/m
De =
De =
Pada T =250 0C HCl =
Res
jH
=
=
0.72 in
0.05976 ft
0.024 cp
0.05808 lb/ftjam
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
117.1110254
0.07
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
d. Menghitung ho
ho =
35.14056225 Btu/jam ft2 0F

hio =
1500 Btu/jam.ft2.F
Uv
Uv
hioxho
hio ho
34.33616743 Btu/jam.ft2.F
A
v
Av
Q
v
U
v
8124.786649 ft2

Ac = Ap + Av
Ac =
8154.085386 ft2
Uc
Uc
UA
AC
34.21279291 Btu/jam.ft2.F
RD
Uc U D
U C .U D
RD =
-0.083117633

32.52091914

32.520919138
f
=
0.0035 ft2/in2
Spesific volum =
0.3647
S
=
0.043871675
1
f.Gt 2 .L.n
Pt .
2 (5,22.1010 ).D.s. t
Pt =
3.54626E-005 Psi
PREHEATING
f
=
S
=
1.431356977
0.0038 ft2/in2
0.79
Lp
Lp
N
LxAp
Ac
=
=
jumlah crosses
N + 1 = N x Lp/B
0.071862718 ft
16
jumlah baffle
N
=
Ds
=
menentukan Ps
f.Gs 2 .Ds.(N 1)
Ps
(5,22.1010 )De.s. s
1.149803496
0.149803496
2.4375 ft
Ps
f.Gs 2 .Ds.(N 1)
(5,22.1010 )De.s. s
Ps =
4.81079E-007 Psi
VAPORIZING
f
=
S
=
117.1110254
0.0017 ft2/in2
0.79

Lv
=
9.928137282 ft
jumlah crosses
N + 1 = N x Lv/B
4.525646624
jumlah baffle
N
=
Ds
=
3.525646624
0.003735 ft
menentukan Ps
f.Gs 2 .Ds.(N 1)
Ps
(5,22.1010 )De.s. s
Ps =
2.41690E-009 Psi
Menentukan Ps total
Ps total =
4.83496E-007
1 kg =
1 gr =
1 m3 =
1 cm3 =
ndahan panas (UD)
1 jam =
1 cuft =
atuan dalam deg F

pers. 5.28, Kern, hal. 95-96)
ft
ft
28.2690092 in2
lb/mnt.ft2
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
ft2
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Fig.15 hal. 824 - 825 Kern
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
2.2046 lb
1 menit =
60 second
0.001 kg
1 in =
0.006944 ft
35.31467 in2
1m=
3.28 ft
0.000001 m3
1 atm =
3600 dtk
7.480519 gallon
1 in =
1 kkal =
1 KJ =
2116.1 lbf/ft2
0.083 ft
3.968321 Btu
0.9478171 Btu
1 cp =
kern, p.103
2.42 lb/ft.jam
heater
Fungsi :
Jenis :
Menaikan Temperatur campuran metanol dan HCl

1-2 Shell and Tube Exchanger
Kondisi Fluida Panas ( Steam ) pada tube

Temperatur Awal (T1) =
Temperatur Akhir (T2) =
360 oC =
680 oF
360 oC =
267972.15531574 kg/jam
Laju alir steam masuk =
680 oF
Kondisi Fluida Dingin ( metanol dan HCl ) pada shell

Temperatur awal (t1) =
250 oC =
Temperatur akhir (t2) =
300 oC =
Laju alir bahan masuk =
Panas yang dibutuhkan =
14713.573261672 kg/jam
87789.45045596 KJ/jam
482 oF
572 oF
367311.060708 kJ/jam
148.481577016 oF
Plot harga R dan S pada grafik Fig.18 Kern (1965)

maka Fc =
0.8
t = Fc x LMTD =
118.7852616128 oF
680 oF
527
Dari Tabel 8, hal 840 diperoleh range nilai Ud dari 50-100, diambil nilai minimum
Ud =
100 Btu/jam ft2 oF
Menentukan Spesifikasi
L ( panjang pipa ) =
Dari tabel Kern 10, data tube :
OD =
0.75 in
ID =
0.584 in
BWG =
14
Tebal =
0.083 in
12 ft =
0.0625 ft
0.04866667 ft
0.00691667 ft
A inside =
0.1529 ft /ft
A outside =
A tube =
0.1963 ft2 /ft

0.268 in
At
144 in
Dari Tabel 9 di dapatkan data :
OD =
pitch =
ID Shell =
jml tube =
pass =
U d .LMTD
KOREKSI NILAI UD =
0.02233333 ft
7.0049596896 ft2
Nt
At
L.A0
Ud
At
LMTD. Aoutside.N t .L
Q
U d .LMTD
4.50567808 BTU/jam.ft2.F
155.4696 ft2
TUBE / Fluida panas ( metanol + Hcl)

Data
bahan =
16.535125262 cp =
k=
40.0001215 lbm/ft.jam
59.52570372
0.0141 Btu/hr.ft.F
at
N t .atube
144.n
0.0614166667 ft2
Gt
at
239569.7139
Re IDxGt / 132.4889089665
jH =
1.5 [fig 24 kern 834]
K (C./K)=
0.4 [fig 16, kern 827]
k Cp.
hi jH .
.
k
ID
hio hi .
0 , 33
ID
OD
12.3287671 BTU/jam.ft2.F
9.6
SHELL SIDE (Cold fluid)

jarak baffle = B =
De =
As
ID
2.4 in =
0.91 in
0.0758333333 ft
[kern, fig 28 hal 838]
ID.( pitch ODtube).B
144. pitch
air =
k(C/K)^0.33 =
Re
Gs .De
0.2 ft
0.04 ft2
0.0120 cp =
0.0700 Btu.ft/hr.ft2.F
7954851.4857885
k Cp.
.
ho jH .
k
De
Gs
0.0290292 lbm/ft.jam
jH =
0,3 3
As
276.923077 BTU/jam.ft2.F
300
ho jH .
D
e
Cp.
.
hio =
0,3 3
9.6
UC
hi 0 .h0
hi 0 h0
9.2783505155 BTU/jam.ft2.F
Rd
Uc Ud
U c .U d
PRESSURE DROP
tube side
Re =
132.4889089665
f=
0.004 [fig 26 kern 836]
Gt =
239569.713894258 kg/jam.ft2
Pt
shell side
Re =
f=
f .Gt2 .L.n
5,22.1010.ID
108895.324 lb/jam.ft2
71.5726170206 psi =
4.8688855116 atm
7954851.48578845
0.0012 [fig 29 kern 839]
0.0016363059 kg/m3 =
N+1=
0.0061290605
0.00010215 lb/ft3
Ps
f .Gs2 .IDs .( N 1)
5,22.101 0.De .
t2
108 oF
t1
198 oF
83208.5969311675 Btu/jam
0.454545455
ari Tabel 9 di dapatkan data :

1.25 in
1.5625 in triangular
12 in
66 buah
At
.A0
2.9737475334
data viskositas
CH3OH
HCl
kg/m.jam
cek lagi
kg/jam.ft2
6699303.8828934 kg/ft2.jam
14738468.542366 lb/ft2.jam
0.0431994577
[fig 28 kern 838]
B
555.3
372.778
viskositas
260.64 11.41873358 mNs/m2K
277.74 5.116391685
Rd
Uc Ud
U c .U d
-0.114164399
2959.8245308796 psi
201.3486075428 atm
Reaktor termasuk jenis shell and tube yang terdiri dari sebuah tabung besar
dengan beberapa pipa vertikal didalamnya. Katalis berada didalam pipa dan pendingin
didalam tabung untuk mengambil panas yang dihasilkan dari reaksi eksotermis.
Reaksi:
CH3OH + HCl --> CH3Cl + H2O
data reaktor :
Suhu masuk =
tekanan operasi =
konversi =
300 C
3 atm
95%
82.06
R=
573.15 K
atm.cm3/mol.K
data katalis:
jenis =
alumina gel
bentuk =
padat
Diameter =
2.38
Porositas =
0.4
Massa jenis =
0.85
Menghitung Laju volumetrik Umpan:
T
P
Tr
Pr
Tc
Pc
B.Pc
B 0 .B 1
R.Tc
B 0 0,083
B.Pc
R.Tc
Z 1
0,422
Pr

Tr
Tr
1, 6
B 1 0,139
0,172
Tr
4, 2
Z . n. R. T
P
komponen
Kmol/jam Kg/jam
g/s
Bmi
Yi
Bmi.Yi
xi
CH3OH
5.57442 178.6156 49.61543
32.042 0.212284 6.801993 0.266788
HCl
6.410583 233.7363 64.92674
36.461 0.244126 8.901085 0.349119
CH3Cl
0
0
0
50.488
0
0
0
H2O
14.2743 257.1515 71.43096
18.015 0.54359 9.792777 0.384093
TOTAL
26.2593 669.5033 185.9731
25.49585
berat molekul umpan reaktor =
25.49585
Tc (K)
mol/s
Pc (atm)
1.54845 80.97
1.780718
83.1
0
66.8
3.965083 220.55
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
mol/s
B0
B'
B.Pc/R.Tc Z
V
1.54845 -0.269963 0.031385 -0.252262 0.991641
24073
1.780718 -0.087002 0.123187 -0.070742 0.998553 27876.92
0 -0.170008 0.094094 -0.155611 0.994924
0
512.6
324.7
416.3
647.1
Pr
0.564 0.037051
0.132
0.036101
0.153
0.04491
0.345
0.013602
Tr
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
1.118123
1.765168
1.376772
0.885721
Pr/Tr
0.03313656
0.02045193
0.03261992
0.01535739
H2O
TOTAL
3.965083 -0.429433 -0.14734 -0.480266 0.992624 61704.34

113654.3
maka laju volumetrik umpan reaktor =
113654.3 cm3/detik
Menghitung densitas umpan

m
V
0.001636 g/cm3
Menghitung Viskositas umpan
M .T
2
.
2,6693.10 5
x i . i
mix
i 1
x
j 1
M i
1
1
M j
8
ij
T=Suhu masuk reaktor =
0,77.Tc
K
T
2,44 c
Pc
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
i
1
1 i

Mj
Mi
. ij
573.15 K
(Bird, 1960 : 22 24)
/ K
T.K /
Yi
Bmi
0.212284
32.042 394.702 4.51379 1.452108
1.4529 0.000294
0.244126
36.461 250.019 3.843117 2.292426
0.96 0.000615
0
50.488 320.551 4.490208 1.788015
0.93 0.000465
0.54359
18.015 498.267 3.493102 1.150287
1.629 0.000438
j
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
Bmi/Bmi
1
0.878802
0.634646
1.778629
1.137913
1
0.722172
2.023925
1.575682
1.384712
1
2.802553
0.562231
0.49409
1
0.478983
0.633428
0.671468
2.087757
1
1.322445
1.401862
1.57871
0.756175
1
1.060053
1.489274
0.713337
ij
Yj.ij
Yjij
3 0.356817 0.943349
4
1
1
Tc = 30 C
Ti= 32.5
To=30 C
CW
Tco = 45 C
dari neraca massa dan neraca panas diperoleh :
w bahan =
panas yg dibutuhkan, Q=
CW yg digunakan, M =
Ti =
85 C
To =
50 C
t1 =
30 C
t2 =
45 C
Log mean Temperarture difference:
T1 =
36 F
T2 =
72 F
TLMTd
T 2 T 1
T 2
In
T 1
LMTD =
51.937021472 F
T = Ft x LMTD
T =
untuk 1-2 shell&tube, Ft =

41.549617178 F
Tc dan tc dipakai temperatur rata2

tc = Tave media =
99.5 F
Tc= Tave bahan =
153.5 F
P=
1 atm
R=
9116.9314415458
402734.38116628
6423.1958718705
185
122
86
113
0.082057
atm.m3/kmol.K
0.8
310.65
340.65
Menghitung density campuran

Fluida panas
Komponen
BM
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Massa
(kmol)
32.042
36.461
50.488
18.015
Massa
(kg)
1.225
0.245
110.564
193.539
Total
305.6
Pr = P/Pc'
Tr = T/Tc'
Z
39.3
8.9
5,582.1
3,486.6
9,116.9
0.0022152319
0.179223444
1
Sehingga
densitas umpan =
Fluida dingin
BM
Massa
(kmol)
H2O
18.015
356.54709253
Massa
(kg)
6423.1958718705
995000
Kg/m3
62117.85
Komponen
Menghitung kapasitas panas campuran

Fluida panas
Komponen
BM
Cp
kJ/kmol
32.042 14195851048.986
36.461 1611799056.3923
50.488 12281253060.743
18.015 16093699189.209
Cp
kJ/kg
443038856.7813
44206112.1854
243250932.1174
893349941.1162
BM
Cp
kJ/kmol
18.015 75395.04110037
Cp
kJ/kg
4185.1257896403
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
TOTAL
Fluida Dingin
Komponen
H2O
Total
Menghitung konduktivitas termal campuran
TABLE 2-315 Thermal Conductivity of Inorganic and Organic Liquids [W/(mK)]

Fluida Panas
Komponen
yi
yi.k
W/(m.K)
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
1.29E-03
3.43E-04
5.29E-04
4.59E-04
Total
W/(m.K)
0.0043
0.0010
0.6123
0.3824
1.00000
5.54E-06
3.36E-07
3.24E-04
1.76E-04
5.00E-04
Fluida Dingin
Komponen
k
W/(m.K)
H2O (B)
2E+02
k
W/(m.K)
yi
1.09E+02
Total
Menentukan UD
Dari Tabel 8 Kern, Ud 50-125
Ud =
Menghitung Luas Permukaan
50 Btu/jam.ft2.F
A = Q/(Ud*T)
193.9 ft2
Menentukan spesifikasi dan layout tube
Susunan
Pass Shell
Pass Tube
Outside Diameter =
Pitch
BWG No.
Inside Diameter =
Outside surface / lin ft =
Inside surface / lin ft =
Panjang =
Triangular
1
1
3/4 inch =
0.9375 inch =
16
0.62 inch =
0.302 in2 =
0.1963 ft2 =
0.1623 ft2 =
16 ft
0.0625
0.078125
0.0516666667
0.0020972222
28.2672
23.3712
Menentukan jumlah tube

Nt = A/(L.a")
62
Dari tabel 9 Kern, maka jumlah tube dibulatkan menjadi

Nt =
62 tube
Menentukan diameter shell
Dari tabel 9 Kern, jumlah tube diatas, didapatkan diameter shell

Ds =
10 inch
0.8333333333
Koreksi luas permukaan dan Ud
A = Nt.L.a" =
Ud = Q/(A.T) =
194.7296 ft2
49.78 Btu/jam.ft2.F
Menentukan lebar baffle
B = Ds =
10 inch
Shell, Fluida Dingin
Menghitung viskositas umpan (g)

1 Kg/m.s =
air =
0.67197 lbf/ft.s
Menghitung flow area shell (as)

as = ID.C'.B/(144.Pt)
Menghitung kecepatan massa (Gs)
Gs = w/as =
0.5711745
0.85 Kg/m.s
0.1389 ft2
144,714 lb/hr.ft2
Menghitung bilangan Reynold (Rep)

Dari figure 28 Kern hal 839, diperoleh nilai
0.5500 inch
De =
Res=De.Gs/=
11612.443707642
jH
0.0458333333
Menghitung k (c /k )1/3
Menghitung ho
0.15
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
ho =
255.2727272727 Btu/jam ft2 0F
Menghitung koefisien perpindahan panas

asumsi h = hi =
250
Tv =
tw = ta+(ho/hio+ho)*(Tv-ta) =
tf = (Tv+tw)/2 =
99.5 F
0
49.75 F
dari gambar 12.9, didapat :

hi =
Menghitung Uc
Uc=hioho/hio+ho =
1500
218.1479179615
Menghitung Dirt Factor

Rd = Uc-Ud/(Uc-Ud) =
0.0154159544 hr ft3 F /btu
Pressure Drop
Menentukan faktor friksi
Dari figure 29 Kern, diperoleh nilai

f=
0.0019
Menghitung specific gravity
s = /62,5 =
993.8856
Menghitung jumlah silangan
N+1 = 12.L/B =
19
Menghitung pressure drop
Ps = f.Gs2Ds(N+1)/((5,22E+10)De.s)=
Tube, Fluida Panas
metanol =
HCl =
metil klorida =
air =
camp =
Table 2-364, perry

0.000105 Kg/m.s
0.00016 Kg/m.s
0.00013 Kg/m.s
0.00014 Kg/m.s
0.0001337461 Kg/m.s
0.00 psi
7.055685E-005
0.0001075152
8.73561E-005
9.40758E-005
0.3235440633
Menghitung flow area tube (at)

at = Nt x a't / n =
0.1300 ft2
Menghitung kecepatan massa (Ga)

Gt = w/at =
154576.1021186 lb/hr.ft2
Menghitung bilangan Reynold (Rea)

Ret = D.Gt/ =
jH
24684.217234719
500 [Fig.28 Kern, hal 839]
0.07
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
Menghitung ho
ho =
677.4193548387 Btu/jam ft2 0F
Menghitung mass velocity (V)
V = Gt/ =
1822478.7619904
Pressure Drop

f=
0.00098
s = /62,5 =
993.8856
Menghitung pressure drop tube
Pt = f.Gt2.L.n/((5,22E+10).D.s) =
0.00 psi
Menghitung pressure drop return

V2/2g' =
Pr = (4n/s)(V2/2g') =
0.001
0.00 psi
Menghitung pressure drop total
PT = Pt + Pr =
SPESIFIKASI ALAT UNTUK COOLER-01

CONDENSOR
0.00 psi
Nama Alat
Kode Alat
Jumlah
Fungsi
: COOLER
: C-01
:1 Buah
mendinginkan bahan dengan suhu 30 celcius
Jenis
shell and tube
SHELL
Inside Diameter
:
Pass
:
Tri Angular Pitch
TUBE
10
1
Pass Tube
Inside Diameter
Outside Diameter
Flow Area
Panjang
in
:
:
Pitch
0.62
in
BWG No.
0.75
in
inside surface
: 0.3020
: 16
ft
ft
outside surface
jumlah tube
fungsi :
type :
dasar pemilihan:
mendinginkan bahan dengan suhu 30 celcius

double pipe
umum digunakan dan mempunyai perpindahan panas yang besar
1 Kg
Kg/jam
kj/jam
kg/jam
F
F
F
F
(Kern, 225)
K
K
20099.1871 lb/jam
Ti = suhu input bahan

To = Suhu output bahan
t1 = Suhu input CW
t2 = Suhu output CW
2.2046
yi
fraksi massa
BM camp
Tc
(K)
0.0043
0.0010
0.6123
0.3824
0.13796079
0.03572758
30.9129166
6.88951315
1.0000
37.9761
Pc
(bar)
512.6
324.7
416.3
647.1
1900.7
Pc
(atm)
yi . Pc
80.97
83.1
66.8
220.55
79.9111553
82.0133013
65.9264564
217.665868
0.34406735
0.080363585
40.36561255
83.24240117
451.4200
445.5168
124.0324
1.3585841411 kg/m3
0.0848164079 lbm/ft3
1 Kg/m3 =
0.06243
Kg/L
995
table 2-198, perry hal 2-1

fase gas
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
lbm/ft3
Cp
Btu/lbs
105888828.0859
10565514.3830
58138368.0877
213515760.2714
yi
0.0043
0.0010
0.6123
0.3824
yi.Cp
Btu/lbs
455917.4289
10352.9866
35597102.7208
81655267.1491
117718640.2854
Cp liquid
C1
276370
Cp
Btu/lbs
1000.2690700241
yi
1
yi.Cp
Btu/lbs
1000.2690700241
1000.2690700241
T
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
[W/(mK)]
Total
data K
C1
6.2E-02
yi.k
W/(m.K)
1.09E+02
1.09E+02
ft
ft
ft =
ft2 =
in2 =
in2 =
1.905
2.38125
1.5748
1.9483832
182.368668
150.781634
cm
cm
ft
25.4
cm
cm2
cm2
cm2
lbf/ft.s
cm
ft
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.jam
0,9375
in
16
0.1623
ft2
0.1963
62
ft2
lb
C1
C2
2.288
3.342
1.817
5.459
0.2685
0.2729
0.25877
0.30542
C3
C4
512.64
324.65
416.25
647.13
2.45E-01
3.22E-01
2.83E-01
8.10E-02
0.564
0.132
0.153
0.345
1.1940
. Yi
0.00
0.00
0.09
0.13
0.2282
lbm/ft3
e 2-198, perry hal 2-182

c1
c2
c3
c4
3.93E+04
87900
1916.5
29160
9050
2093.8
35.7945
72460
1723
33360
26790
2610.5
C2
-2090.1
C3
C4
c5
53650
-110
44800
8900
C5
8.125 -0.014116 9.3701E-006
896.7
120
780.5
1169
85 oC =
Bmi
Kg/Jam
32.042
39.3
36.461
8.9
50.488
5,582.1
18.015
3,486.6
9,116.9
C2
1.39730
358 K
yi
0.0043
0.0010
0.6123
0.3824
1.0000
C3
C1
5.24E-07
2.21E-07
2.97E-07
5.21E-07
C4
C2
3.68E-01
3.47E-01
3.53E-01
3.20E-01
C3
0.00E+00
0
0.00E+00
-2.12E-01
C4
0.00E+00
0
0.00E+00
2.58E-01
k (W/mK)
1.29E-03
3.43E-04
5.29E-04
4.59E-04
k*xi
5.54E-06
3.36E-07
3.24E-04
1.76E-04
5.05E-04
pompa 3
Fungsi
Mengalirkan bahan dari bottom quencher
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
x
0.028055449
0.15802703
0.052495175
0.761422346
Jumlah
.x
M (kg/jam)
783.9 21.9926662852 7.144622626
1193 188.5262469982 40.24328767
915 48.0330852822 13.36846256
995 757.6152341613 193.9044129
1016.167232727 254.6607857

561.42517 lb/jam
r
=
63.48534127 lb/cuft
Kapasitas pemompaan
Qf
Qf
8.843382692 cuft/jam
0.0024564952 cuft/dtk

pemompaan (Qf)
=
9.727721 cuft/jam
10%
0.002702145
1.212806691

Di ,opt 3,9 Q f
Di Opt =
0 , 45
0 ,13
0.467391735 inch

1/2 in
0.84 in
c. Schedule No.
80
0.546 in
e. flow area
0.235 in2

v
metanol =
Qf
1.655888268
A
0.52 Kg/m.s
HCl =
1.5
0.00035 lb/ft.s
0.85 Kg/m.s
0.000571175 lb/ft.s
0.000610342 lb/ft.s
air =
camp =
N Re
N
Re
0.001007955
0.18
0.000120955
Kern, fig 14, 1965 : 823
metil klorid=
Dv
NRe
= 7805.522841
> 2100 berarti aliran yang masuk menuju tangki produk adalah aliran Turbulen

NRe
=
7805.522841
D in
=
0.546 in
0.0138164634 m
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.003329

Data :
g=
gc =
Faktor konversi, lb ft/lbfs
32.2
32.174
1 atm
2116.1
1.1 atm
2327.71
211.61
3.333210404 ft.lbf/lbm
potensialH ead Z
direncanakan :
Z1
=
Z2
DZ
Potensial Head
g
gc
0.5 m
1.64 ft
2m
1.5 m
6.56 ft
4.92 ft
VelocityHe ad
V 2
2 gc
V1 = V2
Velocity Head
=
0 ft.lbf/lbm

NRe
=
7,805.52
D
0.546 in
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.003329
in
0.0138164634 m

Komponen
L/D
Pipa lurus
Elbow 90o
Sharp edge entrance
k = 0,5
pipa lurus vertikal
Jumlah
Panjang (Le) (ft)

1
125
35
13
135
28
1
1
1
1
1.58613
0.589134
6.11793
1.268904
58
1
1
2.628444
8.5
145.690542
f 4f
f
L
v2
D
2g c
5.479584399

ft.lbf/lbm
(-Wf) =
13.73677068 ft.lbf/lbm
Kapasitas (Qf)
=
0.0027021 cuft/dtk
9.61E-006 ft2/s
1.212806691
= 0.893160875
pompa=
80%
Bhp
( Wf ) Q f
550
Bhp
=
Broke Horsepower =
2.4037927157 HP
effisiensi motor =
82%
Powermotor
Power motor
Bhp
mot or
2.9314545
Resume :
Kode
Fungsi
Tipe
Jumlah
Kapasitas
Tenaga Pompa
Bahan Kontruksi
Pipa
:
:
:
:
P-03
centrifugal
1
2.4037927 HP
Commercial Steel
D nominal=
OD
ID
Sch
=
=
=
1/2 in
0.84 in
0.546 in
80
an pertimbangan :
(peters, p.521)
1 kg =
2.2046 lb
1 gr =
0.001 kg
1m =
35.31467 in2
1 cm3 =
1 jam =
1 cuft =
0.000001 m3
3600 dtk
7.480519 gallon
Bahan baku :
Metanol
Kemurnian
H 2O
99.90%
0.10%
100%
cuft/dtk
gallon/mnt
0.06972 ft
0.045318 ft
0.0016318 ft2
ft/dtk
Kg/m.s
lb/ft.s
Kg/m.s
lb/ft.s

ft/s2
lb ft/lbfs2
lbf/ft2
lbf/ft2
0.045318 ft
Panjang (Le) (ft)
velocityhead f
gallon/mnt
Cs
HP
1 menit =
1 in =
2
1m=
1 atm =
1 in =
1 Kg/m.s =
60 second
0.006944 ft2
3.28 ft
2116.1 lbf/ft2
0.083 ft
0.67197 lbf/ft.s
Tc = 30 C
Ti= 40
To=32 C
CW
Tco = 45 C
w bahan =
Ti =
40 C
To =
32.5 C
t1 =
30 C
t2 =
45 C
T1 =
9F
T2 =
4.5 F
TLMTd
T 2 T 1
T 2
In
T 1
LMTD =
T = Ft x LMTD
T =
6.492127684 F
5.1937021472 F

tc = Tave media =
99.5 F
Tc= Tave bahan =
97.25 F
P=
1 atm
R=
6009.9891595886
1175700.4539097
18751.203411637
104
90.5
86
113
0.082057
atm.m3/kmol.K
0.8
310.65
309.4

Fluida panas
Komponen
BM
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Massa
(kmol)
32.042
36.461
50.488
18.015
Massa
(kg)
0.245
0.049
105.035
38.708
Total
144.0
Pr = P/Pc'
Tr = T/Tc'
Z
7.9
1.8
5,303.0
697.3
6,010.0
0.0022152319
0.1627821329
1
Sehingga
densitas umpan =
Fluida dingin
BM
Massa
(kmol)
H2O
18.015
1040.8661344
Massa
(kg)
18751.2034116371
995000
Kg/m3
62117.85
Komponen

Fluida panas
Komponen
BM
Cp
kJ/kmol
32.042 9806521507.4068
36.461 1096615515.2607
50.488 8479528352.4073
18.015 10976482780.658
Cp
kJ/kg
306052103.7203
30076397.1164
167951361.7574
609296851.5491
BM
Cp
kJ/kmol
18.015 75260.12825482
Cp
kJ/kg
4177.6368723187
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
TOTAL
Fluida Dingin
Komponen
H2O
Total

Fluida Panas
Komponen
yi
yi.k
W/(m.K)
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
1.12E-03
3.00E-04
4.62E-04
4.06E-04
Total
W/(m.K)
0.0013
0.0003
0.8824
0.1160
1.00000
1.46E-06
8.93E-08
4.08E-04
4.71E-05
4.55E-04
Fluida Dingin
Komponen
k
W/(m.K)
H2O (B)
2E+02
k
W/(m.K)
yi
1.09E+02
Total
Menentukan UD
Ud =
125 Btu/jam.ft2.F
A = Q/(Ud*T)
1811.0 ft2
Susunan
Pass Shell
Pass Tube
Outside Diameter =
Pitch
BWG No.
Inside Diameter =
Panjang =
Triangular
1
6
3/4 inch =
0.9375 inch =
16
0.62 inch =
0.302 in2 =
0.1963 ft2 =
0.1623 ft2 =
25 ft
0.0625
0.078125
0.0516666667
0.0020972222
28.2672
23.3712

Nt = A/(L.a")
369

Nt =
378 tube

Ds =
23.25 inch
1.9375
A = Nt.L.a" =
Ud = Q/(A.T) =
1855.035 ft2
122.03 Btu/jam.ft2.F
B = Ds =
23.25 inch

1 Kg/m.s =
air =
0.67197 lbf/ft.s

as = ID.C'.B/(144.Pt)
Gs = w/as =
0.5711745
0.85 Kg/m.s
0.7508 ft2
17,648 lb/hr.ft2

0.5500 inch
De =
Res=De.Gs/=
1416.1286427911
jH
0.0458333333
Menghitung ho
0.15
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
ho =
58.9090909091 Btu/jam ft2 0F

asumsi h = hi =
250
Tv =
tf = (Tv+tw)/2 =
99.5 F
0
49.75 F

hi =
Menghitung Uc
Uc=hioho/hio+ho =
1500
56.6829951015

0.0096419753 hr ft3 F /btu
Pressure Drop

f=
0.003
s = /62,5 =
993.8856
N+1 = 12.L/B =
13
Ps = f.Gs2Ds(N+1)/((5,22E+10)De.s)=
0.00 psi
Tube, Fluida Panas
metanol =
HCl =
metil klorida =
air =
camp =
0.00009 Kg/m.s
0.000155 Kg/m.s
0.00011 Kg/m.s
0.00012 Kg/m.s
0.0001111475 Kg/m.s
6.04773E-005
0.0001041554
7.39167E-005
8.06364E-005
0.268876083

at = Nt x a't / n =
0.1321 ft2

Gt = w/at =
100280.96197714 lb/hr.ft2

Ret = D.Gt/ =
jH
19269.780259385
0.07
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
Menghitung ho
ho =
108.3870967742 Btu/jam ft2 0F
V = Gt/ =
873411.16705317
Pressure Drop

f=
0.0015
s = /62,5 =
993.8856
Pt = f.Gt2.L.n/((5,22E+10).D.s) =
0.00 psi

V2/2g' =
Pr = (4n/s)(V2/2g') =
0.001
0.00 psi
PT = Pt + Pr =
SPESIFIKASI ALAT UNTUK CONDENSER-01

CONDENSOR
0.00 psi
Nama Alat
Kode Alat
Jumlah
Fungsi
: CONDENSOR
: C-01
:1 Buah
mengkondensasikan bahan dengan suhu 30 celcius
Jenis
shell and tube
SHELL
Inside Diameter
:
Pass
:
Tri Angular Pitch
TUBE
23.25
1
Pass Tube
Inside Diameter
Outside Diameter
Flow Area
Panjang
in
:
:
Pitch
0.62
in
BWG No.
0.75
in
inside surface
: 0.3020
: 25
ft
ft
outside surface
jumlah tube
fungsi :
type :
dasar pemilihan:

1-2 shell and tube HE (Fixed Tube)
1 Kg
Kg/jam
kj/jam
kg/jam
F
F
F
F
(Kern, 225)
K
K
13249.6221 lb/jam

t1 = Suhu input CW
t2 = Suhu output CW
2.2046
yi
fraksi massa
BM camp
Tc
(K)
0.0013
0.0003
0.8824
0.1160
0.04185628
0.01083948
44.5490644
2.09022737
1.0000
46.6920
Pc
(bar)
512.6
324.7
416.3
647.1
1900.7
Pc
(atm)
yi . Pc
80.97
83.1
66.8
220.55
79.9111553
82.0133013
65.9264564
217.665868
0.104387491
0.024381718
58.17148531
25.25512923
451.4200
445.5168
83.5554
1.8391045386 kg/m3
0.1148152963 lbm/ft3
1 Kg/m3 =
0.06243
Kg/L
995

fase gas
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
lbm/ft3
Cp
Btu/lbs
73148208.3346
7188431.4320
40141338.8458
145625442.5079
yi
0.0013
0.0003
0.8824
0.1160
yi.Cp
Btu/lbs
95553.0914
2137.0473
35419487.5689
16896490.9814
52413668.6890
Cp liquid
C1
276370
Cp
Btu/lbs
998.479175827
yi
1
yi.Cp
Btu/lbs
998.479175827
998.479175827
T
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
[W/(mK)]
Total
data K
C1
6.2E-02
yi.k
W/(m.K)
1.09E+02
1.09E+02
ft
ft
ft =
ft2 =
in2 =
in2 =
1.905
2.38125
1.5748
1.9483832
182.368668
150.781634
cm
cm
ft
59.055
cm
cm2
cm2
cm2
lbf/ft.s
cm
ft
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.jam
0,9375
in
16
0.1623
ft2
0.1963
378
ft2
lb
C1
C2
2.288
3.342
1.817
5.459
0.2685
0.2729
0.25877
0.30542
C3
C4
512.64
324.65
416.25
647.13
2.45E-01
3.22E-01
2.83E-01
8.10E-02
0.564
0.132
0.153
0.345
1.1940
. Yi
0.00
0.00
0.14
0.04
0.1758
lbm/ft3
e 2-198, perry hal 2-182

c1
c2
c3
c4
3.93E+04
87900
1916.5
29160
9050
2093.8
35.7945
72460
1723
33360
26790
2610.5
C2
-2090.1
C3
C4
c5
53650
-110
44800
8900
C5
8.125 -0.014116 9.3701E-006
896.7
120
780.5
1169
40 oC =
Bmi
Kg/Jam
32.042
7.9
36.461
1.8
50.488
5,303.0
18.015
697.3
6,010.0
C2
1.39730
313 K
yi
0.0013
0.0003
0.8824
0.1160
1.0000
C3
C1
5.24E-07
2.21E-07
2.97E-07
5.21E-07
C4
C2
3.68E-01
3.47E-01
3.53E-01
3.20E-01
C3
0.00E+00
0
0.00E+00
-2.12E-01
C4
0.00E+00
0
0.00E+00
2.58E-01
k (W/mK)
1.12E-03
3.00E-04
4.62E-04
4.06E-04
k*xi
1.46E-06
8.93E-08
4.08E-04
4.71E-05
4.56E-04
DISTILASI
Fungsi: Memisahkan campuran Produk metil klorida
Jenis: sieve tray
Asumsi : 1. Sistem ideal mengikuti hukum Roult
2. Tekanan seluruh kolom tetap
3. Umpan berupa cair jenuh
4. Kondensor yang dipakai merupakan kondensor tetap
Persamaan-persamaan yang digunakan untuk perhitungan dalam merancang
menara distilasi yaitu:
Bubble Point :
Ki Xi =1
Dew Point:
Yi/Ki =1
Ki = Pi0/P
P0= Exp(A-BT-C ln T- DT3)
Dimana:
Ki = Konstanta kesetimbangan uap cair komponen i
Xi = Fraksi mol cairan komponen i
P0 = Tekanan uap muri komponen I (atm)
P = Tekanan total (atm)
T = Temperatur(K)
Nilai konstanta A,B,dan C masing-masing komponen
antoine (gravin Towler, Chemical engineering design)
Komponen
A
CH3OH
1.86E+01
HCl
1.65E+01
CH3Cl
1.61E+01
H2O
1.83E+01
Penentuan jumlah plate minimum
X LD X HB

Log
X HD X LB
Nm
Log Lavr
Lavr ( LF . LD . LB )1 / 3
i
Ki
K HK
B
3.63E+03
1.71E+03
2.08E+03
3.82E+03
C
-3.43E+01
-1.45E+01
-2.96E+01
-4.61E+01
Dimana
Nm
=
XLD
=
Jumlah plate minimum
XHD
FRaksi mol komponen kunci berat destilat
XLB
Fraksi mol komponen kunci ringan bottom
XHB
Fraksi mol komponen kunci berat botom
Lavr
Volatilitas relative rata-rata komponen kunci ringan
Volatilitas komponen i
Fraksi mol komponen kunci ringan destilat
Penentuan refluks minimum

Reflaks minimum dengan menggunakan persamaan Underwood :
i xiD

i
Rm 1
Dengan :
Rm = Refluks minimum
= Relative volatilitas tiap komponen
maka:
1 q
i xiF
i
q merupakan :
panas untuk pengupan 1 mol umpan =
Hv - HF
Hv - HL
panas laten umpan
Penentuan jumlah plate teoritis pada aktual Reffluks

Jumlah plate secara teoritis dapat didekati dengan rumus :
N N m in
1 EX P
N 1
Dengan persamaan:
R
=
=
X
=
N
=
1 54.4
11 117.2
0.5

Z x Rmin
(R - Rmin)/(R+1)
(N - Nmin)/(N+1)
(Nmin + X) (1- X)
Penentuan Temperatur Umpan Destilasi

Umpan berupa campuran uap jenuh dengan tekanan 1 atm. Maka temperatur
umpan destilasi dicara dengan trial dew point.
Tekanan =
1 atm
=
Temperatur Trial
=
20.85 C
=
101.325
294.000000
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
f (kmol/jam)
0.011
0.002
4.779
1.761
6.554
xi
0.0017
0.0003
0.7292
0.2687
1.000
Pi
101.8657
31946.6719
3818.0509
18.2956
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
ki
0.1340
42.0351
5.0238
0.0241
yi=ki*xi
0.000228
0.014301
3.663440
0.006469
3.684
alfa
5.5677869417
1746.1440446581
208.6873659394
1
Penentuan Temperatur destilat

Temperatur destilat dicari dengan trial dew point temperatur. Tekanan operasi
dianggap konstan pada kondisi 1 atm
Tekanan =
1 atm
=
101.325
Temperatur Trial =
30.1635975201 C
=
303.3136
Komponen
f,kmol/jam
yi
Pi
CH3OH
0.0111477251
0.0022
165.1880
HCl
0.002229768
0.0004
38930.6893
CH3Cl
4.7793683475
0.9619
4988.1433
H2O
0.176129964
0.0354
31.9522
Total
4.969
1.000
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
ki
0.2174
51.2246
6.5633
0.0420
xi=yi/ki
0.0103
0.0000
0.1466
0.8431
1.000
alfa
5.16985
1218.40534
156.11284
1.00000
Penentuan Temperatur Bottom Destilasi

Temperatur bottom destilasi merupakan temperatur bubble point, dicari untuk
menentukan temperatur operasi reboiler (reboiler parsial)
Tekanan =
1 atm
=
101.325
Temperatur Trial =
100.0020555086 C
=
373.1520555086
Komponen
f,kmol/jam
xi
Pi
CH3OH
1.114884000000E-006 7.03321059416E-007 2658.075462037
HCl
2.685959533229E-023
0
123619.57053618
CH3Cl
1.349140766595E-013
0
23332.2927084779
H2O
1.585169676
0.9999992967
759.9988558948
Total
1.5852
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
ki
3.4974677132
162.6573296529
30.7003851427
0.9999984946
1.000
yi=ki*xi
alfa
2.45984269733E-006 3.4974729783
0
162.6575745178
0
30.7004313592
0.9999977913
1
1.000
Menghitung Jumlah Plate Minimum Pada Total Refluk

Untuk menghitung jumlah plate minimum, maka dihitung terlebih dahulu nilai
volatilitas rata-rata dari komponen kunci ringan (light key component)
(Komponen metanol).
L. Average L.D x L.W

= (5.16985 x 3.4974)^1/2
=
4.2522250469
Menghitung stage teoritis (Nm)
X LD X HB

Log
X HD X LB
Nm
Log Lavr
=
=
7.8811184829
8 Plate
Menghitung Refluks minimum dan Refluks Optimum

Temperatur rata-rata destilat-bottom = 30.16 + 100=
65.0828265143
2
Umpan masuk menara berupa jenuh maka q =0. harga dicari dengan cara trial
(Mc.Cabe Unit Operation Of Chemical Engineering)
1-q =
j.xf
(j- )
1-q =
1.07
didapatkan harga =
0.640000
2. Perhitungan Refluks minimum (Rmin)

Rmin + 1 =
j.xd
(j- )
Rmin + 1 =
Rmin =
1.0674
0.0674
Menentukan Jumlah Plate Teoritis (N teoritis)

Nmin
R min
=
=
8
0.0674
N N m in
1 EX P
N 1
Dengan persamaan:
R
=
=
X
=
N
=
1 54.4
11 117.2
0.5

Z x Rmin
(R - Rmin)/(R+1)
(N - Nmin)/(N+1)
(Nmin + X)/ (1- X)
Z
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
1.3
1.35
1.4
1.45
1.5
R
0.0707570916
0.0741264769
0.0774958623
0.0808652476
0.0842346329
0.0876040182
0.0909734035
0.0943427888
0.0977121741
0.1010815595
Diambil Z =
Refluks =
Jumlah Plate Teoritis =
0.00314673
0.00627372
0.00938116
0.01246922
0.01553808
0.01858793
0.02161895
0.02463130
0.02762515
0.03060069
X
0.8396947302
0.7616341006
0.7210407175
0.6961068975
0.6791159605
0.6666472101
0.6569594885
0.6490801482
0.6424281711
0.6366384118
1.2
0.0808652476
28.224481929
Menentukan Jumlah Plate aktual

Menggunakan O'Connell's correlation :
Eo = 51-32,5 log (a.a)
28
(coulson vol.6,hal 549 eq 11.67 )
Menghitung avg pada suhu rata-rata
338.2328265143 K
data viscositas gas

Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
Water
T top =
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
jumlah
top, kmol/jam
T bottom =
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
jumlah
2.288
3.342
1.817
2.69E-01
0.2729
2.59E-01
5.13E+02
324.65
416.25
5.459
3.05E-01
647.13
303.3136 K
xd
0.011
0.002
4.779
0.176
4.969
, cp
0.002
0.000
0.962
0.035
1.000
3.95E+00
7.6784121084
3.3605984571
9.9792504193
373.1520555086 K
bottom, kmol/jam
xb
, cp
1.114884000000E-006 7.03321059416E-007
2.685959533229E-023
0
1.349140766595E-013
0
1.585169676
0.9999992967
1.5851707909
1
0.03
0.75
0.1
0.2838
Jumlah Plate aktual

avg =
1.0105648667 cp =
Eo =
N actual
1.0105648667
50.8517
=
N teoritis -1 reboiler
Eff
=
53.5370526278
stages
53
Menentukan Lokasi Umpan Masuk

Perhitungan dengan menggunakan persamaan Dria 11.62 p-422 RK. Sinnot
The equation by Kirkbride(1944)
B Xf .HK Xb.HK 2
Nr
log

0.206 log
N
D
Xf
.
LK
Xd
.
LK
B/D
(Xhk/Xlk)f
(Xbhk/Xdlk)
[RK. Sinnot. Eq 11.62.p-422]
=
=
=
0.3190200064
157.980528916
1421824.7602445
Log Nr/Ns
Nr/Ns
Nact -1 = Nr + Ns
Ns
=
=
1.6181851165
5.0439278632
8.857990009
Jadi umpan masuk pada plate : dari 9 dasar menara.
DIAMETER MENARA
1. Diameter Puncak Menara
R = Refluk Ratio
0.5022617151 kmol/jam
5.3707 kmol/jam
Lo = R x D
V = Lo + D
P x 273 BM
campuran
T x 101 .325 x 22 .4
Berat molekul Uap Destilat :

Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
BM camp =
P
=
T
=
Maka densitas uap destilat :
Yi
0.0022
0.0004
0.9619
0.0354
1.0000
Bmi
32.0420
36.4610
50.4880
18.0150
Yi. Bmi
0.0718865639
0.0163617636
48.5624432199
0.6385712636
49.2892628111
49.2892628111 kg/kmol
1.2 atm =
294.000000 K
121.59 kpa
P x 273 BM campuran
T x 101 .325 x 22 .4
2.0432411242 kg/m3
Menentukan Densitas Cair Campuran Destilat

Densitas murni komponen pada temperature operrasi 256.35 K dihitung dengan
menggunakan persamaan:
B (1 (1 T / C )
Untuk menghitung densitas cair destilat, maka perlu dicari nilai BM cair campuran.
Menentukan Berat Molekul Cair Campuran Destilat
Berat Molekkul (BM) campuran dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan :
BM campuran =
Xi . BM i
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
Xi
1.0000
BM campuran =
22.9188655822 kg/kmol
0.0103
0.00001
0.1466
0.8431
Kondisi Operasi
T=
P=
komponen
CH3OH
HCL
CH3Cl
H2O
jumlah
Bmi
30.1636 C
1 atm
D, kg/jam
303.3136
760
top, kmol/jam
0.3572
0.0813
241.3007
3.1730
244.9122
BM campuran
xd
0.0111
0.0022
4.7794
0.1761
4.9689
0.0022
0.0004
0.9619
0.0354
1
49.2892628111 kg/kmol
Rapat Massa vapor
1.9802906182 kg/m3
Kecepatan Volume Gas (Qv)
0.037132192 m3/detik
komponen
CH3OH
HCL
CH3Cl
H2O
jumlah
D, kg/jam
komponen
CH3OH
HCL
CH3Cl
H2O
jumlah
volume utk 1000 kg

1.8605216938
0.2782513922
x berat
0.3572
0.0813
241.3007
3.1730
244.9122
(g/mL)
0.001458463
0.0003319539
0.9852539975
0.0129555856
1
Xi
0.0022
0.0004
0.9619
0.0354
1.0000
13.020689048
15.159462134
Didapat densitas liquid campuran =

Densitas liquid destilat
32.0420
36.4610
50.4880
18.0150
Xi. Bmi
0.3307370926
0.0003194123
7.3990370171
15.1887720602
22.9188655822
0.46584
0.7839
1.193
0.915
0.995
. Xi
0.0041741
0.0001248645
0
0.4615397091
0.4658386735
kmol/m3
1305.82560 kmol /m3 x BM campuran
1305.82560 kmol /m3 x18.34416884 kg/kmol
22.961
kg/m3
Asumsi : Tray spacing yang digunakan =

Dari Fig. 16.6 Peters & Timmerhaus Page 657 didapat nilai Kv=
Vm Kv
0.7679048249 m/s
Kecepatan alir actual V
0.6 Vm
=
Distilat (D) =
Ln
=
D
Ln
=
=
0.460742895 m/s
6.554 kmol/jam
R
RxD
0.5741608172 kmol/jam
Vn = Ln + D
Diameter,
0.24
( L v )
Laju air uap :
18
3.763 kmol/jam
4 x Vn x Bm
v x V x 3600
uap
0.8349731048 m
Laju alir volume uap maksimum :

Vum=
0.0252158305
m3/s
Laju Alir volume cairan :

Vc=
m3/s
0.0003424
2. Diameter Kolom Bawah

Menentukan Densitas Uap Campuran Bottom
Densitas uap campuran dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan :
x 3.14
1/ 2
P x 273 BM
camp uran
T x 101 .325 x 22 .4
Berat molekul Uap bottom :

Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
Yi
0.0000025
0.0000000
0.0000000
1.0000
1.0000
BM camp =
P
= 1 atm =
Bmi
32.0420
36.4610
50.4880
18.0150
137.0060
Yi. Bmi
7.881827971E-005
0
0
18.0149602099
18.0150390282
18.0150390282 kg/kmol
101.325 kpa
100.00 oC
373.15
Maka densitas uap bottom :
P x 273 BM campuran
T x 101 .325 x 22 .4
0.5883882587 kg/m3
Menentukan Densitas Cair Campuran Bottom

Densitas murni komponen pada temperature operrasi 373.15 K dihitung dengan
menggunakan persamaan:
B (1 (1 T / C )
Untuk menghitung densitas cair bottom, maka perlu dicari nilai BM cair campuran.
Menentukan Berat Molekul Cair Campuran Bottom
Berat Molekkul (BM) campuran dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan :
BM campuran =
Xi . BM i
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
BM campuran =
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
Xi
0.0000007
0.0000000
0.0000000
1.00000
1.0000
Xi. Bmi
2.253581339E-005
0
0
18.0149873297
18.0150098655
Bmi
32.042
36.461
50.488
18.015
18.0150098655 kg/kmol
0.7839
1.193
0.915
0.995
78.39
119.3
91.5
99.5
Xi
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
1.00000
1.00000
Didapat densitas liquid campuran =
99.49999
Densitas liquid bottom
99.4998 kmol /m3 x BM campuran
kmol/m3
99.2998 kmol /m3 x 123.1105008 kg/kmol
1792.4932141449
kg/m3
Asumsi : Tray spacing yang digunakan =

Dari Fig. 16.6 Peters & Timmerhaus Page 657 didapat nilai Kv
Kv =
0.24
ft.s
( L v )
Vm Kv
v
=
13.2445349099 m/s
Kecepatan alir actual ,V =

0.7 x 11.29497571
Diameter,d
4 x Vn x Bm
9.2711744369
uap
1/ 2
0.7 Vm
=
v x V x 3600 x 3.14
18
1/ 2
4 x 418.083271x 31.1310342
1.10780 x 3.54543177 x 3600 x 3.14
2.0970253855 m
Laju alir volume uap maksimum :

Vum= 418.083 kmol/jam x 31.131 kg/kmol=
0.0320045544
1.1078 kg/m3 x 3600 s/jam
Laju Alir volume cairan :

Vc= 305.091 kmol/jam x 28.8696kg/kmol=
0.0000016
878.229 kg/m3 x 3600 s/jam
Dari perhitungan di atas maka digunakan diameter kolom diantara diameter top
dan bottom
=
1.4659992452 m
2
/4(D )
Luas Penampang Menara
=
= 3.14 x (1.1667)2
...4
=
1.6870857226 m2
Menghitung net area

Net area ditentukan dengan membagi kapasitas laju alir volume maksimum dengan
nilai laju alir aktual :
Top
7.100163 m3/s
0.0547286367
0.0034520496
25.7325 m3/s
Bottom
9.1586 m3/s
7.9532 m3/s
Jadi net area yang diperoleh sekitar
0.0290903432
Untuk daerah downcomer diambil 20% luas keseluruhan. Maka luas total destilasi
Top
=
=
0.0643866315
0.2759 m2
..0.85
Bottom
=
=
0.0040612349
1.1516 m2
..0.85
Rancangan Plate
Diameter menara (Dc)
1.4660 m
Luas Menara (Ac)
1.6871 m2
Downcomer area (Ad)
20% x 0.877 =
0.3374171445
Net area (An)

Aktivearea (Aa)
Hole area (Ah)
=
=
=
1.182 - 0.175 =
1.182-(2x 0.75)=
5% x Aa =
0.3083268013
0.6457439459
0.0322871973
20
Ad
x100%
Ac
Dari fig.11.31 Coulson Vol.6 didapat nilai:

Lw
=
0.875 m
Dc
Panjang weir (lw)
= 0.875 x 1.0575
Estimasi tinggi weur (hw) = 2 in =
Estimasi tebal plate
= 3/16 =
Estimasi diameter lubang = 3/16 =
=
2
3/16
3/16
Check weeping :
Aliran cairan maksimum
Ln x Bm
=
17.924kmol/jam x 18.015 kg/kmol=
3600
3600 s/jam
Aliran cairan minimum pada 70% turn down
0.7 x 0.62962 kg/s
=
ho
1 .7 x Q
2/ 3
0.0020112386 kg/s
0.0017436478 m
1.2827493395
5.08001016
0.4762509525
0.4762509525
0.002873198
ho
lw x
0.1743648 cm
Menghitung Pressuree Drop

Dry Plate Presure Drop
Vc = 13.244
13.2445349099
0.7679048249
7.0062198674 m/s
+ 0.711 =
2
K.H dari fig 16.12 Peters & h.Timmerhaus (dengan Ah/Aa = 0.05 dan tebal
plate / diameter lubang =1.0)=1.6
hc ( K.H )
1.6
=
Vc 2 . V
2g L
4.24458
m/s x (1.69001 kg/m 3 )

2 x (9.8m / s 2 ) x (851 .406 kg / m 3 )
2
0.0058085924 m
0.5808592356
Total pressure drop dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan :

hT
=
hc + hw +ho
= ( 0.641 + 2.149+ 5.08001 ) cm =
=
Menentukan Jumlah Lubang pada Plate
Diameter lubang = 3/16 in =
Luas penampang lubang =
D2 = 3.14 x (0.4763 cm)2 =
..4
4
Maka Jumlah lubang pada plate
=
5.8352342
0.0583523417
0.47625 cm
0.1780490 cm2
Ah
Luas penampang lubang
=
1813.3878993817
=
1813
Menentukan Tebal Dinding Kolom Destilasi
ts
P design x D
c
2 S x E 0.6 x P design
direncanakan:
Bahan konstruksi Carbon Stell SA-285 Grade C
Dimana:
Pdesign
=
1.2 x P operasi
Poperasi
atm =
14.7
Pdesign
17.64
1.2 x 14.7 =
Phidrostasik =
L x g x h
=
=
0.3634838381 kg/m.s2
0.000064 Psia
=
Pd + Ph
=
17.64 + 0.0026
=
17.640064 Psi
Diameter kolom
=
Allowable stress, S =
Joint efficiency, E
=
Corossion factor, C =
ts
=
1.4660 m = 41.633 in
13750 Psi
0.8
0.125 in/10 tahun
0.1713227904 in
Diambil tebal standar = 3/16 in (Tabel 5.6 Brownell & Young)
Menentukan Tebal Penutup (Head Kolom Destilasi)
P x r x W
th
C
2
x
S
x
E
0
.
2
x
P
Eq. 7.77 Brownell & Young
Dipilih jenis tutup torisperichal head

Diameter dalam, ID =
Diameter Luar, OD = ID+ (2t) =
1.4660 m = 8.95 in
58.0915057147 in
Dipilih diameter luar standar terdekat =

Diketahui :
icr
=
r
=
th
3.625 in
54 in
0.5
W 0.25 3 r
icr
0.25 3 60
3.625
60
in
(Table 5.7 Brownell & Young)
Eq.7.76 Brownell & Young
0.5
1.7149012814 in
=
0.1992642867 in
Dipilih tebal pentup standar = 1/4 in

Menentukan Tinggi Penutup Kolom Destilassi
Dari Tabel 5.8 Brownell & Young diketahui :
Straight flange, sf
=
Dari Fig 5.8 Brownell & Young diketahui :
2.25 in
a =
ID =
2
ID - icr
..2
42.008=
2
AB
BC
= r - icr = 60-3.625
AC
= (BC2-AB2) =
29.0457528574 in
= 21.004 -3.25 =
25.4207528574
50.375
43.4905271199 in
Depht of dish, b = r - AC = 54- 47.543 =

OA = th + b + sf = 0.201 + 2.25 + 6.456 =
Menentukan Tinggi Kolom Destilasi
H
= (Nactual x tray spacing) -(2OA)
= ( 53 x 12 in) -(2 x 3.716)
=
610.0825256663 in
=
15.4961271442 m
10.5094728801
12.9587371668
Pa
K
Pa
K
Pa
K
N
54.4012883751
36.2583431762
30.8366121533
28.224481929
26.6770340394
25.6418003726
24.8894159262
24.3081107785
23.83729915
23.4415446495
plate
2.45E-01
3.22E-01
8.10E-02
8.10E-02
.xd
8.85E-03
3.45E-03
3.23E+00
3.54E-01
3.60E+00
.xb
2.11E-08 gean koplis, fig A.3-4 App A.3
0.00E+00 gean koplis, fig A.3-4 App A.4
0.00E+00 gean koplis, fig A.3-4 App A.5
2.84E-01 gean koplis, table A.2-4 App A.2
2.84E-01
mNs/m^2
stages
ot. Eq 11.62.p-422]
K
mmHg
6884 kg/kmol
in
ft.s
. Xi
5.513333785E-005
0
0
99.4999300196
99.4999851529
08 kg/kmol
in
m/s
m3/s
m3/s
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
m
cm
cm
cm
kg/s
cm
cm
m
Lubang
psi
psi
57.7163902817 in
Brownell & Young
57.7165057147 in
7 Brownell & Young)
Brownell & Young
in
in
in
in
KOMPRESOR
Fungsi :
tujuan :
Menaikan tekanan metil klorida dari 1 atm menjadi 7 atm

- Menentukan jenis kompresor yang digunakan
- Menentukan jumlah stage
- Menghitung kebutuhan tenaga (power)
Menentukan jenis kompresor

Dipilih kompresor sentrifugal dengan pertimbangan :
- Mampu menaikan tekanan hingga ratusan psi
- Konstruksi sederhana
Menentukan jumlah stage

Rasio kompresi :
P2
7
1
P1
Bila rasio >5 digunakan kompresor multistage. Dalam perancangan ini dipilih 2 stage
(Ludwing III, hal 251)
Menghitung kebutuhan tenaga (power)

Langkah perancangan
a. Menghitung tekanan dan suhu yang keluar tiap stage
kondisi
suhu keluar (K)
P keluar (atm)
stage-1
308.15
3.5
stage-2
313.15
7
b. Menghitung efisiensi dan power kompresor

Effisiensi
=
86.46%
Power kompresor tiap stage
untuk menghitung power kompresor digunakan persamaan:
w=
m=
n=
n 1
n
n
P
2
Z * R *T *
1
*
n
1
P
1
Z *R 1
*
X
Cp
Ep
1
(coulson, hal.79)
1 m
Power kompresor =
R=
polytropic.work
Ep
8.314
N m * m mol *
3
N m * m mol *
3
kj
34.90
kmol *o K
303 K
1 atm
Cp =
T in kompresor =
P1 =
Menentukan harga Z
Tr = T/Tc
Pr = P/Pc
Tc campuran =
Tci*Xi
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
Xi
Tc
0.001
0.000
0.985
0.013
Pc
512.6
324.7
416.3
647.1
80.97
83.1
66.8
220.55
Tr (x) =
0.722842
Pr (y) =
0.014531
Dari fig 3.8 Coulson hal 87 didapatkan harga Z =
Menghitung harga m dan n
m=
0.425342
n=
1.740165
W=
3961.938 kg/kmol
Kerja actual kompresor =
W/Ep
Power kompresor =
Power Kompresor stage 2
W=
Kerja aktual kompresor =
Power Kompresor =
Total power kompresor =
0.95
4582.394 kj/kmol
1452.364 HP
3801.33
W/Ep
4396.633 kj/kmol
1393.488 HP
2845.853 HP
Tc*Xi
Pc*Xi
0.74760811 0.118091746
0.10778543 0.02758537
410.161239 65.81496704
8.38355944 2.857354405
419.400 68.81799856
dwing III, hal 251)
fungsi :
type :
dasar pemilihan:
mengkondensasikan bahan dengan suhu 30 0C

umum digunakan dan mempunyai perpindahan panas yang
Tc = 30 C
Ti= 32.5
To=30 C
CW
Tco = 45 C
w bahan =
Ti =
46 C
To =
30.16 C
t1 =
30 C
t2 =
45 C
T1 =
1.8 F
T2 =
0.288 F
TLMTd
LMTD =
T = Ft x LMTD
T =
T 2 T 1
T 2
In
T 1 0.825065641 F
0.6600525128 F

tc = Tave media =
99.5 F
Tc= Tave bahan =
100.544 F
P=
1 atm
R=
244.9122254092
111202.0003667
1771.861063841
114.8
86.288
86
113
0.082057
atm.m3/kmol.K
0.8
310.65
304.48

Fluida panas
Komponen
BM
Massa
(kmol)
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Massa
(kg)
0.011
0.002
4.779
0.176
32.042
36.461
50.488
18.015
Total
0.4
0.1
241.3
3.2
5.0
Komponen
BM camp
Tc
(K)
0.04673207
0.0121033715
49.7435038273
0.2333948746
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
yi . Pc
80.97
83.1
66.8
220.55
451.4200
. Yi
0.1165474598
0.0272246361
64.9543047111
2.8199887811
0.564
0.132
0.153
0.345
67.9181
1.1940
Total
Pr = P/Pc'
Tr = T/Tc'
Z
Pc
(bar)
512.6
324.7
416.3
647.1
1900.7
50.0357
244.9
0.00082
0.00004
0.15074
0.00447
0.1561
0.0022152319
0.1601936129
1
densitas
umpan =
Sehingga
2.0026537594
0.1250256742
Fluida dingin
BM
Massa
(kmol)
H2O
18.015
98.354763466
Massa
(kg)
1771.861063841
995000
Kg/m3
62117.85
Komponen

Fluida panas
Komponen
BM
CH3OH
Cp
kJ/kmol
32.042 9221568331.9989
Cp
kJ/kg
287796277.7604
HCl
CH3Cl
36.461 1028466202.0765
50.488 7973015866.0454
18.015 10298782413.862
H2O
Komponen
yi
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
0.0015
0.0003
0.9853
0.0130
H2O
TOTAL
28207295.5233
157919027.6114
571678180.0645
yi.Cp
Btu/lbs
100320.3178
2237.9355
37186986.9
1770178.2
39059723.4
Fluida Dingin
Komponen
BM
Cp
kJ/kmol
18.015 75300.466036218
H2O
Cp
kJ/kg
4179.8759942392
Total
Komponen
yi
yi.Cp
Btu/lbs
1 999.0143388098
H2O
Total
999.0143388098

Fluida Panas
Komponen
yi
yi.k
W/(m.K)
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
1.09E-03
2.94E-04
4.52E-04
3.98E-04
Total
W/(m.K)
0.0015
0.0003
0.9853
0.0130
1.00000
1.59E-06
9.75E-08
4.45E-04
5.15E-06
4.50E-04
Fluida Dingin
Komponen
H2O (B)
k
W/(m.K)
2E+02
k
W/(m.K)
yi
1.09E+02
Total
Menentukan UD
Ud =
100 Btu/jam.ft2.F
A = Q/(Ud*T)
1684.7 ft2
Susunan
Pass Shell
Pass Tube
Outside Diameter =
Pitch
BWG No.
Inside Diameter =
Triangular

Panjang =
1
2
3/4 inch =
0.9375 inch =
0.0625
0.078125
16
0.62 inch =
0.302 in2 =
0.1963 ft2 =
0.1623 ft2 =
30 ft
0.0516666667
0.0020972222
28.2672
23.3712

Nt = A/(L.a")
286

Nt =
342 tube

Ds =
21.25 inch
1.7708333333
A = Nt.L.a" =
Ud = Q/(A.T) =
2014.038 ft2
83.65 Btu/jam.ft2.F
B = Ds =
21.25 inch

1 Kg/m.s =
air =

as = ID.C'.B/(144.Pt)
0.67197 lbf/ft.s
0.5711745
0.85 Kg/m.s
0.6272 ft2
Gs = w/as =
861 lb/hr.ft2

0.5500 inch
De =
Res=De.Gs/=
69.0824177402
jH
0.0458333333
0.15
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
Menghitung ho
ho =
13.0909090909 Btu/jam ft2 0F

asumsi h = hi =
250
Tv =
tf = (Tv+tw)/2 =
99.5 F
0
49.75 F

hi =
Menghitung Uc
Uc=hioho/hio+ho =
1500
12.9776496035

0.0670555556 hr ft3 F /btu
Pressure Drop

f=
0.003
s = /62,5 =
993.8856
N+1 = 12.L/B =
17
Ps = f.Gs2Ds(N+1)/((5,22E+10)De.s)=
2.81E-08 psi
Tube, Fluida Panas
metanol =
HCl =
metil klorida =
air =
camp =
0.00009 Kg/m.s
0.000155 Kg/m.s
0.00011 Kg/m.s
0.00012 Kg/m.s
0.0001101153 Kg/m.s

at = Nt x a't / n =
6.04773E-005
0.0001041554
7.39167E-005
8.06364E-005
0.2663791006
0.3586 ft2

Gt = w/at =
1505.5656804105 lb/hr.ft2

Ret = D.Gt/ =
jH
292.0182550746
Menghitung k(c/k )1/3 =
0.07
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
Menghitung ho
ho =
13.5483870968 Btu/jam ft2 0F
V = Gt/ =
12042.0520828497
Pressure Drop

f=
0.0015
s = /62,5 =
993.8856
Pt = f.Gt2.L.n/((5,22E+10).D.s) =
7.61E-08 psi

V2/2g' =
Pr = (4n/s)(V2/2g') =
1.00E-03
8.05E-06 psi
PT = Pt + Pr =
8.125323123E-006 psi

CONDENSOR
Nama Alat
: CONDENSOR
Kode Alat
: C-01
Jumlah
:1 Buah
Fungsi
mengkondensasikan bahan dengan suhu 300C
Jenis
shell and tube
SHELL
Inside Diameter
:
Pass
:
Tri Angular Pitch
TUBE
21.25
1
Pass Tube
Inside Diameter
Outside Diameter
Flow Area
Panjang
in
:
:
0.53975
Pitch
0.62
in
BWG No.
0.75
in
inside surface
: 0.3020
: 30
ft2
ft
outside surface
jumlah tube
ndahan panas yang besar
1 Kg
Kg/jam
kj/jam
kg/jam
F
F
F
F
(Kern, 225)
K
K
539.933492 lb/jam

t1 = Suhu input CW
t2 = Suhu output CW
2.2046
yi
fraksi massa
0.0015
0.0003
0.9853
0.0130
1.0000
Pc
(atm)
79.91115531
82.0133013
65.9264564
217.66586765
445.5168
kg/m3
lbm/ft3
1 Kg/m3 =
0.06243
Kg/L
995
lbm/ft3
Cp
Btu/lbs
68784961.2130
table 2-198, perry hal 2

fase gas
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
6741705.4299
37743553.4385
136634364.2386
Cp liquid
C1
Cp
Btu/lbs
999.0143388098
276370
T
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Total
data K
C1
6.2E-02
yi.k
W/(m.K)
1.09E+02
1.09E+02
ft
ft
ft =
ft2 =
in2 =
in2 =
1.905
2.38125
1.5748
1.9483832
182.368668
150.781634
cm
cm
ft
53.975
cm
cm2
cm2
cm2
lbf/ft.s
cm
ft
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.jam
0,9375 in
16
0.1623 ft2
0.1963 ft2
342
lb
C1
C2
2.288
3.342
1.817
5.459
0.2685
0.2729
0.25877
0.30542
C3
C4
512.64
324.65
416.25
647.13
2.45E-01
3.22E-01
2.83E-01
8.10E-02
lbm/ft3
e 2-198, perry hal 2-182

c1
c2
c3
c4
3.93E+04
87900
1916.5
29160
9050
2093.8
35.7945
72460
1723
33360
26790
2610.5
c5
53650
-110
44800
8900
896.7
120
780.5
1169
C2
-2090.1
C3
C4
46 oC =
Bmi
Kg/Jam
32.042
0.4
36.461
0.1
50.488
241.3
18.015
3.2
244.9
C2
1.39730
C5
8.125 -0.014116 9.3701E-006
319 K
yi
0.0015
0.0003
0.9853
0.0130
1.0000
C3
C4
C1
5.24E-07
2.21E-07
2.97E-07
5.21E-07
C2
3.68E-01
3.47E-01
3.53E-01
3.20E-01
C3
0.00E+00
0
0.00E+00
-2.12E-01
C4
0.00E+00
0
0.00E+00
2.58E-01
k (W/mK)
1.09E-03
2.94E-04
4.52E-04
3.98E-04
k*xi
1.59E-06
9.75E-08
4.45E-04
5.15E-06
4.52E-04
REBOILER MENARA DESTILASI

Fungsi
=
=
Jenis
(Contoh soal page 475)
Untuk menguapkan sebagian hasil bawah menara destilasi

Kettle Reboiler
Menentukan kondisi proses :

Fluida panas melalui tube
Fluida dingin melalui shell
Fluida dingin :
dianggap penguapan terjadi pada suhu tetap
0
t
=
100.0020555
C
212.0037
Fluida panas :
digunakan steam jenuh pada :
T
=
302
150
Hv
271.918
Btu/lb
(Kern, Tabel 7)
Qb
142217.2123
Kj/jam
134795.9 Btu/jam
495.7225765
lb/jam
225.058
Kebutuhan steam :
S
W
Qr
Kg/jam
Sistem pemanas
T2
T1
T1 =
T2 =
t1 =
t2 =
Sistem
Pemanas
t2
t1
Menghitung LMTD (Log Mean Temperature Difference)
Tm Tc t c
tm
(Kern, 120)
52
Pemilihan UD
Dari tabel 8 kern didapat UD steam-Light organik
UD
=
100
Btu/jam.ft2,0F
Pemilihan alat
Dipilih Tube dengan spesifikasi :
BWG
=
16
OD
=
0.75
ID
=
0.482
ao
=
0.1963
a't
=
0.182
L
=
15
Cek!!!
in
in
ft2/ft
in2
ft
Menghitung Luas Perpindahan Panas
=
=
142217.2123 Kj/jam
134795.8916 Btu/jam
Q
(U D .Tm )
A
(kern,107)
25.92229
2.38485
ft2
m2
Jumlah Tube
Nt
A
L * ao
NT
(kern,150)
=
8.803629
Dari tabel 9 kern, dipilih ukuran alat :

HE Shell & Tube dengan spesifikasi :
Cek!!!
Shell
ID
Baffle
Pass
Tube
Tube
OD
ID
BWG
Pitch
Passes
a
=
=
=
12
15
8
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
18
1.5
12
16
1.875
6
1.47
in
in
in
in
in
koreksi harga A
A N t * L * ao
(kern,150)
12
A N t * L * ao
A
53.001
ft2
4.876092
m2
Koreksi harga UD
UD
Q
A * Tm
UD
(kern,107)
48.91
Btu/Jam.ft2.0F
Perhitungan Tube side

Tube side, hot fluid (steam)
Koefisien tranfer panas pengembunan steam hio =

Flow area :
aT
N T * a' t
144 * n
aT
(Kern, 150)
0.003791667
ft2
Mass velocity :
GT
W
a' t
GT
(Kern, 150)
=
=
steam
59355.96916 Kg/jam ft2

130740.0202 lb/jam ft2
=
=
0.0144
0.0349
cp
lb/j.ft
Reynold Number :
Re t
Re
D * GT
(Kern, 150)
3746132.383
Perhitungan shell side :

Shell side, Cold fluid (Cairan medium organik)
Asumsi ho
300
Btu/Jam.ft2.0F
Temperatur dinding tube
TW t c
ho
Tc t c
hio ho
(Kern, 98)
1500
Btu/Jam.ft2.0F
TW t c
ho
Tc t c
hio ho
Tw
258.6666667
Tw
Dari fig 15,11 kern, maka digunakan ho
Menghitung Clean Overall Coeficient
Uc
(hio.ho)
( hio ho)
Uc
(Kern,106)
117.0866626 Btu/jam ft2 0F
Dirt Factor
RD
UC U D
U C *U D
Rd
Rd minimum
=
=
0.0119
0.001
Jam ft2 0F/Btu

Jam ft2 0F/Btu
Pressure Drop tube

2
fGt Ln
Pt
5.22 * 1010 De s
Dari fig 29, kern didapat :
Faktor friksi
=
Pt
Spesifik volume steam

Sg steam
=
(Kern,148)
0.0018
ft2/in2
0.0180829811
Psia
=
0.024446142
0.6545
4nV 2
Pr
s2g
Pr
(Kern,148)
1.472625
PT PT Pr
PT
Psia
(Kern,148)
1.4907079811
Psia
ft3/lb
127
Btu/Jam.ft2.0F
Pressure Drop standar
10
Psia
ra destilasi
302
302
250
250
F
F
0
F
0
F
0
0
tu/Jam.ft2.0F
(kern, 719)
tu/Jam.ft2.0F
Tc = 30 C
Ti= 32.5
To=30 C
CW
Tco = 45 C
w bahan =
Ti =
30.16359752 C
To =
30.16 C
t1 =
30 C
t2 =
45 C
T1 =
-26.70552446 F
T2 =
0.288 F
TLMTd
T 2 T 1
T 2
In
T 1
LMTD =
T = Ft x LMTD
T =
Err:502 F
Err:502 F

tc = Tave media =
99.5 F
Tc= Tave bahan =
86.291237768 F
P=
1 atm
R=
5382.3991751486
1924315.4673848
30661.495656228
86.2944755362
86.288
86
113
0.082057
atm.m3/kmol.K
0.8
310.65
304.48

Fluida panas
Komponen
BM
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
Massa
(kmol)
32.042
36.461
50.488
18.015
Massa
(kg)
0.245
0.049
105.035
3.871
Total
109.2
Pr = P/Pc'
Tr = T/Tc'
Z
7.9
1.8
5,303.0
69.7
5,382.4
0.0022152319
0.1601936129
1
Sehingga
densitas umpan =
Fluida dingin
BM
Massa
(kmol)
H2O
18.015
1701.9980936
Massa
(kg)
30661.4956562275
995000
Kg/m3
62117.85
Komponen

Fluida panas
Komponen
BM
Cp
kJ/kmol
32.042 9221568331.9989
36.461 1028466202.0765
50.488 7973015866.0454
18.015 10298782413.862
Cp
kJ/kg
287796277.7604
28207295.5233
157919027.6114
571678180.0645
BM
Cp
kJ/kmol
18.015 75300.466036218
Cp
kJ/kg
4179.8759942392
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
TOTAL
Fluida Dingin
Komponen
H2O
Total

Fluida Panas
Komponen
yi
yi.k
W/(m.K)
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
1.09E-03
2.94E-04
4.52E-04
3.98E-04
Total
W/(m.K)
0.0015
0.0003
0.9853
0.0130
1.00000
1.59E-06
9.75E-08
4.45E-04
5.15E-06
4.50E-04
Fluida Dingin
Komponen
k
W/(m.K)
H2O (B)
2E+02
k
W/(m.K)
yi
1.09E+02
Total
Menentukan UD
Ud =
125 Btu/jam.ft2.F
A = Q/(Ud*T)
Err:502 ft2
Susunan
Pass Shell
Pass Tube
Outside Diameter =
Pitch
BWG No.
Inside Diameter =
Panjang =
Triangular
1
2
3/4 inch =
0.9375 inch =
16
0.62 inch =
0.302 in2 =
0.1963 ft2 =
0.1623 ft2 =
25 ft
0.0625
0.078125
0.0516666667
0.0020972222
28.2672
23.3712

Nt = A/(L.a")
Err:502

Nt =
822 tube

Ds =
31 inch
2.5833333333
A = Nt.L.a" =
Ud = Q/(A.T) =
4033.965 ft2
Err:502 Btu/jam.ft2.F
B = Ds =
31 inch

1 Kg/m.s =
air =
0.67197 lbf/ft.s

as = ID.C'.B/(144.Pt)
Gs = w/as =
0.5711745
0.85 Kg/m.s
1.3347 ft2
8,890 lb/hr.ft2

0.5500 inch
De =
Res=De.Gs/=
713.3907080382
jH
0.0458333333
Menghitung ho
0.15
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
ho =
49.0909090909 Btu/jam ft2 0F

asumsi h = hi =
250
Tv =
tf = (Tv+tw)/2 =
99.5 F
0
49.75 F

hi =
Menghitung Uc
Uc=hioho/hio+ho =
1500
47.5352112676

0.013037037 hr ft3 F /btu
Pressure Drop

f=
0.003
s = /62,5 =
993.8856
N+1 = 12.L/B =
10
Ps = f.Gs2Ds(N+1)/((5,22E+10)De.s)=
0.0000 psi
Tube, Fluida Panas
metanol =
HCl =
metil klorida =
air =
camp =
0.00009 Kg/m.s
0.000155 Kg/m.s
0.00011 Kg/m.s
0.00012 Kg/m.s
0.0001101153 Kg/m.s
6.04773E-005
0.0001041554
7.39167E-005
8.06364E-005
0.2663791006

at = Nt x a't / n =
0.8620 ft2

Gt = w/at =
13766.36986111 lb/hr.ft2

Ret = D.Gt/ =
jH
2670.1135379608
0.07
Kern,fig 16 ha; 827
Menghitung ho
ho =
124.6451612903 Btu/jam ft2 0F
V = Gt/ =
110108.3433398
Pressure Drop

f=
0.0015
s = /62,5 =
993.8856
Pt = f.Gt2.L.n/((5,22E+10).D.s) =
0.00 psi

V2/2g' =
Pr = (4n/s)(V2/2g') =
0.001
0.00 psi
PT = Pt + Pr =

CONDENSOR
0.00 psi
Nama Alat
Kode Alat
Jumlah
Fungsi
: CONDENSOR
: C-01
:1 Buah
Jenis
shell and tube
SHELL
Inside Diameter
:
Pass
:
Tri Angular Pitch
TUBE
31
1
Pass Tube
Inside Diameter
Outside Diameter
Flow Area
Panjang
in
:
:
7.874
Pitch
0.62
in
BWG No.
0.75
in
inside surface
: 0.3020
: 25
ft
ft
outside surface
jumlah tube
fungsi :
type :
dasar pemilihan:

1 Kg
Kg/jam
kj/jam
kg/jam
F
F
F
F
(Kern, 225)
K
K
11866.0372 lb/jam

t1 = Suhu input CW
t2 = Suhu output CW
2.2046
yi
fraksi massa
BM camp
Tc
(K)
0.0015
0.0003
0.9853
0.0130
0.04673207
0.01210337
49.7435038
0.23339487
1.0000
50.0357
Pc
(bar)
512.6
324.7
416.3
647.1
1900.7
Pc
(atm)
yi . Pc
80.97
83.1
66.8
220.55
79.9111553
82.0133013
65.9264564
217.665868
0.11654746
0.027224636
64.95430471
2.819988781
451.4200
445.5168
67.9181
2.0026537594 kg/m3
0.1250256742 lbm/ft3
1 Kg/m3 =
0.06243
Kg/L
995

fase gas
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
lbm/ft3
Cp
Btu/lbs
68784961.2130
6741705.4299
37743553.4385
136634364.2386
yi
0.0015
0.0003
0.9853
0.0130
yi.Cp
Btu/lbs
100320.3178
2237.9355
37186986.9063
1770178.2022
39059723.3618
Cp liquid
C1
276370
Cp
Btu/lbs
999.0143388098
yi
1
yi.Cp
Btu/lbs
999.0143388098
999.0143388098
T
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
[W/(mK)]
Total
data K
C1
6.2E-02
yi.k
W/(m.K)
1.09E+02
1.09E+02
ft
ft
ft =
ft2 =
in2 =
in2 =
1.905
2.38125
1.5748
1.9483832
182.368668
150.781634
cm
cm
ft
78.74
cm
cm2
cm2
cm2
lbf/ft.s
cm
ft
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.s
lbf/ft.jam
0,9375
in
16
0.1623
ft2
0.1963
822
ft2
lb
C1
C2
2.288
3.342
1.817
5.459
0.2685
0.2729
0.25877
0.30542
C3
C4
512.64
324.65
416.25
647.13
2.45E-01
3.22E-01
2.83E-01
8.10E-02
0.564
0.132
0.153
0.345
1.1940
. Yi
0.00082
0.00004
0.15074
0.00447
0.1561
lbm/ft3
e 2-198, perry hal 2-182

c1
c2
c3
c4
3.93E+04
87900
1916.5
29160
9050
2093.8
35.7945
72460
1723
33360
26790
2610.5
C2
-2090.1
C3
C4
c5
53650
-110
44800
8900
C5
8.125 -0.014116 9.3701E-006
896.7
120
780.5
1169
30.1635975 oC =
Bmi
Kg/Jam
32.042
7.9
36.461
1.8
50.488
5,303.0
18.015
69.7
5,382.4
C2
1.39730
303.163598 K
yi
0.0015
0.0003
0.9853
0.0130
1.0000
C3
C4
C1
5.24E-07
2.21E-07
2.97E-07
5.21E-07
C2
3.68E-01
3.47E-01
3.53E-01
3.20E-01
C3
0.00E+00
0
0.00E+00
-2.12E-01
C4
0.00E+00
0
0.00E+00
2.58E-01
k (W/mK)
1.09E-03
2.94E-04
4.52E-04
3.98E-04
k*xi
1.59E-06
9.75E-08
4.45E-04
5.15E-06
4.52E-04
REBOILER MENARA DESTILASI

Fungsi
=
=
Jenis
(Contoh soal page 475)
Untuk menguapkan sebagian hasil bawah menara destilasi

Kettle Reboiler
Menentukan kondisi proses :

Fluida panas melalui tube
Fluida dingin melalui shell
Fluida dingin :
dianggap penguapan terjadi pada suhu tetap
0
t
=
100.0020555
C
212.0037
Fluida panas :
digunakan steam jenuh pada :
T
=
302
150
Hv
271.918
Btu/lb
(Kern, Tabel 7)
Qb
142217.2123
Kj/jam
134795.9 Btu/jam
495.7225765
lb/jam
225.058
Kebutuhan steam :
S
W
Qr
Sistem pemanas
T1
T2
T1
T2
t1
t2
Sistem
Pemanas
t2
t1
Menghitung LMTD (Log Mean Temperature Difference)
Tm Tc t c
tm
Kg/jam
(Kern, 120)
52
Pemilihan UD
Dari tabel 8 kern didapat UD steam-Light organik
UD
=
100
Btu/jam.ft2,0F
Pemilihan alat
Dipilih Tube dengan spesifikasi :
BWG
=
16
OD
=
0.75
ID
=
0.62
ao
=
0.1963
a't
=
0.302
L
=
16
Cek!!!
in
in
ft2/ft
in2
ft
Menghitung Luas Perpindahan Panas
=
=
7110.860617 Kj/jam
6739.794578 Btu/jam
Q
(U D .Tm )
A
(kern,107)
1.296114
ft2
Jumlah Tube
Nt
NT
A
L * ao
(kern,150)
=
0.41267
Dari tabel 9 kern, dipilih ukuran alat :

HE Shell & Tube dengan spesifikasi :
Cek!!!
Shell
ID
Baffle
Pass
Tube
Tube
OD
ID
BWG
Pitch
Passes
a
=
=
=
12
16
8
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
18
1.5
12
16
1.875
6
1.47
koreksi harga A
in
in
in
in
in
12
A N t * L * ao
A
(kern,150)
56.5344
ft2
Koreksi harga UD
UD
Q
A * Tm
UD
(kern,107)
Btu/Jam.ft2.0F
Perhitungan Tube side

Tube side, hot fluid (steam)
Koefisien tranfer panas pengembunan steam hio

Flow area :
aT
N T * a' t
144 * n
aT
(Kern, 150)
0.006291667
ft2
Mass velocity :
GT
W
a' t
GT
(Kern, 150)
=
=
steam
=
=
35770.81585 Kg/jam ft2

78790.34328 lb/jam ft2
0.0144
0.0349
cp
lb/j.ft
Reynold Number :
Re t
Re
D* GT
(Kern, 150)
2257602.959
1500
Btu/Jam.ft2.0F
Perhitungan shell side :

Shell side, Cold fluid (Cairan medium organik)
Asumsi ho
300
Btu/Jam.ft2.0F
Temperatur dinding tube
TW t c
ho
Tc t c
hio ho
(Kern, 98)
Tw
258.6666667
Tw
Dari fig 15,11 kern, maka digunakan ho

Menghitung Clean Overall Coeficient
Uc
(hio.ho)
(hio ho)
Uc
(Kern,106)
117.0866626 Btu/jam ft2 0F
Dirt Factor
RD
UC U D
U C *U D
Rd
Rd minimum
=
=
0.4276
0.001
Jam ft2 0F/Btu

Jam ft2 0F/Btu
Pressure Drop tube

2
fGt Ln
Pt
5.22 * 1010 Des
Dari fig 29, kern didapat :
Faktor friks
=
0.0018
Pt
0.0070053146
(Kern,148)
ft2/in2
Psia
127
Btu/Jam.ft2.0F
Spesifik volume stea

=
Sg steam =
0.024446142
4nV 2
Pr
s2 g
Pr
ft3/lb
(Kern,148)
1.472625
PT PT Pr
PT
0.6545
Pressure Drop standar
Psia
(Kern,148)
1.4796303146
Psia
10
Psia
=
=
=
=
302
302
250
250
F
F
0
F
0
F
0
0
tu/Jam.ft2.0F
(kern, 719)
pompa 4
Fungsi
Mengalirkan metil klorida ke tangki produk
Komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
x
0.001458463
0.000331954
0.985253998
0.012955586
Jumlah
.x
M (kg/jam)
783.9
1.143289111 0.357195408
1193
0.3960210157 0.081299571
915 901.5074077405 241.3007491
995 12.8908076748 3.172981301
915.937525542 244.9122254

539.93349 lb/jam
r
=
57.22346137 lb/cuft
Kapasitas pemompaan
Qf
Qf
9.435526604 cuft/jam
0.0026209796 cuft/dtk

pemompaan (Qf)
=
10.379079 cuft/jam
10%
0.002883078
1.294014994

Di ,opt 3,9 Q f
Di Opt =
0 , 45
0 ,13
0.474771445 inch

1/2 in
5/6 in
c. Schedule No.
80
5/9 in
e. flow area
2/9 in2

v
metanol =
Qf
1.766764863
A
0.52 Kg/m.s
HCl =
1.5
0.00035 lb/ft.s
0.85 Kg/m.s
0.000571175 lb/ft.s
0.000127415 lb/ft.s
air =
camp =
N Re
N
Re
0.001007955
0.18
0.000120955
Kern, fig 14, 1965 : 823
metil klorid=
Dv
NRe
= 35958.58914

NRe
=
35958.58914
D in
=
0.546 in
0.0138164634 m
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.003329

Data :
g=
gc =
Faktor konversi, lb ft/lbfs
32.2
32.174
7 atm
14812.7
P2 = P masuk tangki
7 atm
14812.7
0 ft.lbf/lbm
potensialH ead Z
direncanakan :
Z1
=
Z2
DZ
Potensial Head
g
gc
1m
3.28 ft
2m
1m
6.56 ft
3.28 ft
VelocityHe ad
V 2
2 gc
V1 = V2
Velocity Head
=
0 ft.lbf/lbm

NRe
=
35,958.59
D
0.546 in
e
=
0.000046 m
e/D
=
0.003329
in
0.0138164634 m

Komponen
L/D
Pipa lurus
Elbow 90o
Sharp edge entrance
k = 0,5
pipa lurus vertikal
Jumlah
Panjang (Le) (ft)

1
125
35
13
135
28
1
1
1
1
1.58613
0.589134
6.11793
1.268904
58
1
1
2.628444
8.5
145.690542
f 4f
f
L
v2
D
2g c
6.237966942

ft.lbf/lbm
(-Wf) =
9.52061753 ft.lbf/lbm
Kapasitas (Qf)
=
0.0028831 cuft/dtk
2.23E-006 ft2/s
1.294014994
= 0.206860119
pompa=
83%
Bhp
( Wf ) Q f
550
Bhp
=
Broke Horsepower =
1.5443216844 HP
effisiensi motor =
80%
Powermotor
Power motor
Bhp
mot or
1.9304021
Resume :
Kode
Fungsi
Tipe
Jumlah
Kapasitas
Tenaga Pompa
Bahan Kontruksi
Pipa
:
:
:
:
P-04
centrifugal
1
1.5443217 HP
Commercial Steel
D nominal=
OD
ID
Sch
=
=
=
1/2 in
0.84 in
0.546 in
80
an pertimbangan :
(peters, p.521)
1 kg =
2.2046 lb
1 gr =
0.001 kg
1m =
35.31467 in2
1 cm3 =
1 jam =
1 cuft =
0.000001 m3
3600 dtk
7.480519 gallon
Bahan baku :
Metanol
Kemurnian
H 2O
99.90%
0.10%
100%
cuft/dtk
gallon/mnt
0.06972 ft
0.045318 ft
0.0016318 ft2
ft/dtk
Kg/m.s
lb/ft.s
Kg/m.s
lb/ft.s

ft/s2
lb ft/lbfs2
lbf/ft2
lbf/ft2
0.045318 ft
Panjang (Le) (ft)
velocityhead f
gallon/mnt
Cs
HP
1 menit =
1 in =
2
1m=
1 atm =
1 in =
1 Kg/m.s =
60 second
0.006944 ft2
3.28 ft
2116.1 lbf/ft2
0.083 ft
0.67197 lbf/ft.s
Tipe
dasar pemilihan
Silinder horizontal dengan torispherical head

Umumnya digunakan untuk liquid pada tekanan Tinggi
Perhitungan :
komponen
CH3OH
HCl
CH3Cl
H2O
kmol/jam massa (Kg/jam) (Kg/m3)

0.0111477
0.3571954082
0.0022298
0.081299571
4.7793683 241.3007491286
0.17613
3.1729813015
4.9688758 244.9122254092
Densitas campuran =
Volume (m3/jam)
783.9 0.000456
1193 6.81E-005
915 0.263717
995 0.003189
0.267429
915.8014128865 Kg/m3
57.1734822065 lb/ft3
direncanakan penyimpanan untuk 7 hari dengan 5 buah tangki (memudahkan proses pengisian dan p
sehingga volume masing-masing:
penyimpanan =
jumlah tangki =
kebutuhan HCl =
7 hari
2 buah
244.9122254092 Kg/jam
41145.25386875 Kg
90708.8266791 lb
selama 1 hari
selama 7 hari

volume tangki =
1586.55417124 ft3
asumsi bahan isi


1903.8650054882 ft3
951.9325027441 ft3

rasio H/D =
3/8
volume
H=
1
. .D 2 .H
4
5.5444645 ft
1.6899528 m
D = Diameter
H = Tinggi Tangki
=
Brownel,1977:41-43
3.141593
D=
14.785239 ft
4.5065407 m
digunakan diameter
35 ft
dan
tinggi
16 ft ,maka Vol =
P.d
C
2 . f .E
t
P
d
C
E
f
( H 1)
144
= tebal shell ; in
= stress allowable, bahan konstruksi Carbon Steel SA-283
Grade C, maka f=
12650 psi


Courses 1
H=
16 ft
t1 =
0.2514558 in
0.28 in
Brownell; hal 348

.d weld .length
L
d = diameter dalam tangki + tebal shell;
12n
n = jumlah plate
L1 =
jadi =
10.989884 in
panjang plate =
lebar plate =
tebal plate =
Courses 2
H = 24 ft - 8 ft
t2 =
0.1840127
10.9898838385 in
8 ft
0.28
0.19 in

.d weld .length
L
d = diameter dalam tangki + tebal shell;
12n
n = jumlah plate
L1 =
jadi =
10.987528 in
panjang plate =
lebar plate =
tebal plate =
10.987527644 in
8 ft
0.19

L=
10.990735 ft
th
P.D
2. cos ( f .E 0.6 P )

P=
16.17 Psi
cos 30 =
14.7 psi
10% maka:
0.866
th =
0.365001 in
sin
D
430 .th

D=
th =
sin =
=

0.2230004
12.885 derajat
sin
h=
h
0,5.D
3.9025064 ft
qf =
=
Di =
0.45
x 0,13
(Peters, 4thed, pers.11-45,1991 : 365)


Qf =
0.0550887 ft3/s
Di =
1.7905151 in

D nominal
=
Schedule no
=
OD
=
ID
=
Flow area /pipe
=
8 in
40
8.625 in
7.981 in
50 in2
n proses pengisian dan pengosongan)
rownel,1977:41-43
KONVERSI
1 Kg/m3 =
1 Kg
1 hari
1 ft
0.06243 lbm/ft3
2.2046 lb
24 jam
12 inch
0.3048 m
,maka Vol =
2740 bbl
uble welded , E =
85%
si Carbon Steel SA-283
995.65 Kg/m3
62.15843 lb/ft3
rownell; hal 348
ical welded joint
p plate ; ft
15393.8 ft3
435.9033 m3
ical welded joint
p plate ; ft
lah 2 1/2 x 21/2 x 5/16
ngki standar; ft
hickness; in
pers.11-45,1991 : 365)
Fungsi
:
menampung produk metil klorida dalam bentu liquid
type
:
silinder horizontal dengan tutup dished
dasar pemilihan :
efisien untuk penyimpanan dengan tekanan tinggi
kondisi opera
tekanan :
7 atm
(untuk suhu kamar)
suhu
:
30 C
waktu penyimpanan :
7 hari
perhitungan horizontal shell
rate massa produk :
244.9122 Kg/jam
539.93349 lb/jam
Tekanan tangki :
7 atm
Suhu yg dijaga :
30 C
(Kamar)
bahan (fase liquid)
0.915801 Kg/l
Rate volumetric =
589.5749 ft3/jam
storage tank direncanakan untuk menampung selama
volume masing-masing tangki =
49524.29 ft3
volume bahan mengisi
80% volume tangki
maka volume tangki =
39619.43 ft3
1121.23
menentukan diamter tangki dan panjang tangki

L/D =
3
L=
Panjang tangki
D=
Diameter tangki
Tangki berbentuk silinder dengan tutup berbentuk standart dished heads
volume
D=
L=
1
. .D 2 .L
4
25.6235387 ft
76.870616 ft
307.4825 in
922.4474 in
3.9050272937
7.8100545875
penentuan tebal shell :

untuk perencanaan, digunakan high pressure monobloc vessel
penentuan diameter ratio, K berdasarkan maximum stress theory:
(Brownell&young, pers 14.14c)
K=
fy,p=
pi=
do/di (OD shell/ ID shell)

allowable yields pressure, psi
internal pressure, psi
=
safety factor
bahan konstruksi =
SA-212-B , --> fy,p
p operasi,pi =
p design diambil
p design =
K=
2 atm
14.7 psig
10% lebih besar dari P operassi untuk faktor keamanan
16.17 Psig
1.00126079
do = di.K = 307.870136 in
tebal shell, t =
0.193836 in
tebal standard torisphericL dished: (brownell&young, table 5.7 hal 89-91)
th
th =
P=
rc =
E=
f=
f=
P design =
Untuk D =
0,885 xPxr c
C
f .E 0,1.P
tebal dished minimum, in
tekanan tangki, psi
knuckle radius (brownell&young table-5.7)
faktor pengelasan, digunakan doub
0.8
stress allowable, bahan konstruksi CarbonSteel SA-212 grade B
17500 Psi (Brownel&young, tabwl.13-1)
16.17 Psig
307.482464 in
maka rc =
20 ft
th =
0.02044586 in
maka digunakan t = 1/4 in
h=
4.64231246 ft
SPESIFIKASI
fungsi
Type
volume
tekanan
diameter
panjang
tebal shell
tebal tutup
bahan konstruksi
jumlah
menampung produk methil klorida dalam bentuk liquid

silinder horizontal dengan tutup dished
39619.43 ft3
7 atm gauge
25.62354 ft
76.87062 ft
0.193836 in
1/4 in
CarbonSteel SA-212 grade B (brownell&young: hal 276)
2 buah
1 Kg
hari dengan
m
m
2.2046 lb
buah tangki, sehingga
1 ft =
12 inch
aktor keamanan
ntuk liquid
g: hal 276)
1.5 brownel&young, hal 276

17500 psi

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(perry's chemical engineers' handbook,8th edition) table 2-153

CH3OH + HCl --> CH3C

dition) table 2-153

H3OH + HCl --> CH3Cl + H2O

faktor scale-up pabrik =

HCl excess 15% agar tidak terbentuk

H2O total produk =

H2O dari metanol + H2O dari HCl + H2O r

2O dari HCl + H2O reaksi

output dari reaktor

Diinginkan konsentrasi HCl bottom 8%

endingin yang bersuhu 10 - 20 C

yang keluar harus bersuhu 30-40 C

Kmol yang terserap :

H2O excess 20% agar pendinginan sempurna =

aang terserap X BM Kmol

Asumsi: metil klorida 5%

terserap oleh H2O

maka kebutuhan H2O :

digunakan air proses berlebih 20% untuk menyempurnakan penyerapan

Titik didih ( C ) (1 atm)

NM komponen CH3OH (A)

karena 99.99% CH3OH berada di distilat maka:

substitusi (4) ke (3)

LAJU ALIR DI DISTILAT =

0.001701062 101.8657441 0.1340338738 5.567787

0.002243511 165.1879689 0.2173525907 5.169852

7.03321E-007 2658.075462 3.4974677132 3.497473

umpan masuk dalam keadaan jenuh (1-q=0), maka q = 1

Komposisi uap (V)

NM komponen H2O (D)

karena 90% H2O berada dibottom maka:

substitusi (2) ke (1)

antoine (gravin Towler, Chemical engineering design)

untuk komponen HCl (B)

( HCl.D x HCl. W)^0.5

XB.F = XB.D + XB.W

untuk komponen metil klorida ( C )

(geankoplis, persamaan 11.7-19)

XC.F = XC.D + XC. W

kemurnian CH3Cl didistilat =

Menghitung stage teoritis (Nm)

L. Average L.D x L.W

kapasitas yang diharapkan =

(gavin Towler, Chemical engineering design)

(Perry, table 2-196 hal 220)

latent heat temperature T, Kj/Kmol

(Perry,table 2-194 hal 211)

Neraca energi total:

entalpi komponen input

neraca energi total

5% dari Q supply (kehilangan maksimum 10

menguapkan methanol dengan bantuan steam

entalpi komponen keluar

y (kehilangan maksimum 10% ) ulrich, hal 432)

geankoplis, steam table A.2-10

engan bantuan steam

8.13E+00 -1.41E-02 9.37E-006

7.09E-02 2.59E-05 -2.85E-08

-7.20E-03 1.25E-05 -3.90E-09

1.01E-01 -3.89E-05 2.57E-09

1.92E-03 1.06E-05 -3.60E-09

talpi komponen keluar