Oleh:
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN
Oleh :
Anisful Lailil Munawaroh
NIM. 105070201131005
Menyetujui untuk diuji :
Penguji I
Penguji II
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas berkat dan rahmat-Nya selama
penulisan sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan proposal penelitian dengan
judul EFEKTIFITAS HIDROGEL BINAHONG (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis)
TERHADAP EKSPRESI TGF-1 PADA JARINGAN GRANULASI ULKUS DERAJAT DUA
TIKUS DIABETES. Ketertarikan penulis akan topik ini didasari fakta bahwa
4
Munawaroh, Anisful Lailil. 2013. EFEKTIFITAS HIDROGEL BINAHONG
(Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) TERHADAP EKSPRESI TGF-1 PADA
JARINGAN GRANULASI ULKUS DERAJAT DUA TIKUS DIABETES
merangkai
limfosit
dan
neutrophil
pada
sel
endotel
sebagai
Spesimen
jaringan
dilakukan
pewarnaan
HE
dan immnohistokimia
menggunakan antibodi TGF-1 rat. Variabel yang di ukur penelitian ini adalah
ekspresi TGF-1 pada jaringan granulasi ulkus derahat dua. Analisis data yang
digunakan yaitu menggunakan one-way anova (p=000) dan dilajutkan analisa
data dengan menggunakan post hoc (P < 0,05). Harapannya dengan penelitian
ini hidrogel binahong dapat meningkatkan ekspresi TGF-1, sehingga dapat
menjadi alternatif perawatan ulkus derajat dua diabetes yang cepat, dan nyaman.
Kata Kunci : ulkus derajat dua, ekstrak binahong, hidrogel, TGF-1.
iv
DAFTAR ISI
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Judul/Sampul ....................................................................................................i
Halaman Pengesahan ......................................................................................ii
Kata Pengantar ................................................................................................iii
Abstrak ............................................................................................................. iv
Daftar Isi. ........................................................................................................... v
Daftar Tabel ......................................................................................................ix
Daftar Gambar. ..................................................................................................x
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ...........................................................................................1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................7
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ......................................................................................7
1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ...........................................................................................7
1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus...........................................................................................7
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................................8
1.4.1 Manfaat Teoritis 8
1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis .........................................................................................9
BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1 Binahong ....................................................................................................10
2.1.1 Taksonomi Binahong ................................................................................10
2.1.2 Deskripsi Tanaman ..................................................................................10
2.1.3 Manfaat dan Kandungan Kimia Binahong.................................................12
2.1.3.1 Flavonoid................................................................................................13
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2.1.3.2 Polifenol ................................................................................................14
2.1.3.3 Saponin..................................................................................................14
2.1.3.4 Triterpenoid ...........................................................................................15
2.1.3.5 Asam Ursolat .........................................................................................16
2.1.3.6 Antosianin .............................................................................................16
2.1.3.7 Asam Askorbat (Vitamin C) ....................................................................17
2.1.3.8 Alkaloid ..................................................................................................17
2.1.4 Penelitian yang Pernah Dilakukan Menggunakan Binahong ....................18
2.2 Ulkus Diabetes ...........................................................................................22
2.2.1 Definisi Ulkus Diabetes .............................................................................22
2.2.2 Klasifikasi Ulkus Diabetes ........................................................................23
2.2.3 Patofisiologi Ulkus Diabetes......................................................................24
2.2.4 Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 (TGF-1) .........................................26
2.2.4.1 Struktur dan Sintesis .............................................................................26
2.2.4.2 Aktivasi dan Jalur Signaling ..................................................................27
2.2.5 Peran TGF-1 Pada Penyembuhan Ulkus Diabetes ................................29
2.2.6 Fase Penyembuhan Luka Diabetes .........................................................30
2.3 Perawatan Luka Diabetes ...........................................................................34
2.3.1 Normal Saline ...........................................................................................35
2.3.2 Perawatan Luka Konvensional ................................................................33
2.3.3 Basis Hidrogel...........................................................................................38
2.4 Tikus Galur Wistar........................................................................................41
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2.4.1 Karakteristik Tikus Galur Wistar ................................................................42
2.4.2 Lingkungan .............................................................................................43
2.4.3 Ketentuan Pemberian Makan dan Minum..................................................43
2.4.4 Tempat Tidur atau Bedding ......................................................................44
2.5 Hubungan antara Hidrogel Binahong dengan Luka diabetes ......................44
2.6 Implikasi Keperawatan ................................................................................50
BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEP DAN HIPOTESIS
3.1 Kerangka Konsep.........................................................................................51
3.2 Hipotesis Penelitian......................................................................................52
BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN
4.1 Rancangan Penelitian ..................................................................................53
4.2 Sampel Penelitian ......................................................................................53
4.2.1 Kriteria Sampel Penelitian .........................................................................53
4.2.2 Besar Sampel ...........................................................................................54
4.3 Variabel Penelitian ......................................................................................55
4.3.1 Variabel Bebas..........................................................................................55
4.3.2 Variabel Kontrol .........................................................................................55
4.3.3 Variabel Tergantung ..................................................................................55
4.4 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian........................................................................56
4.5 Bahan dan Alat Penelitian ...........................................................................56
4.5.1 Pembuatan Ekstrak Binahong ..................................................................56
4.5.2 Pembuatan Hidrogel Binahong
...........................................................57
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4.5.3 Pembuatan Ulkus Diabetes ......................................................................57
4.5.4 Perawatan Luka........................................................................................58
4.5.5 Pemeliharaan Tikus ..................................................................................59
4.5.6 Embeding dan Pembuatan Jaringan Luka ................................................59
4.5.7 Pewarnaan Immunohistokimia ................................................................60
4.6 Definisi Operasional ..................................................................................60
4.7 Proses Penelitian ......................................................................................64
4.7.1 Pembuatan Ekstrak Binahong ..................................................................64
4.7.2 Pembuatan Hidrogel Binahong ................................................................65
4.7.3 Pembuatan Ulkus Diabetes ......................................................................66
4.7.4 Pembagian Kelompok Tikus .....................................................................67
4.7.5 Perawatan Luka........................................................................................67
4.7.6 Prosedur Pemeliharaan Tikus ...................................................................69
4.7.7 Eksisi Jaringan Luka dan Pembuatan Preparat Jaringan..........................71
4.7.8 Pengukuran Akumulasi Ekspresi TGF-1 dengan Imunohistokimia .........72
4.8 Alur Kerja Penelitian ....................................................................................74
4.9 Analisis Data ................................................................................................75
Daftar Pustaka
.........................................................................................76
LAMPIRAN
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Penelitian yang Pernah Dilakukan Menggunakan Binahong .............18
Table 2.2 Fase Penyembuhan Luka ..................................................................33
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Tabel 2.3 Karakteristik Tikus Galur Wistar .........................................................42
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Daun Binahong Anredera cordifolia(Ten.) Steenis .........................12
Gambar 2.2 Sintesis dan Aktivasi TGF- ...........................................................27
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Gambar 2.3 (A) TGF- canonical signaling pathway, (B) TGF- non-canonical
signaling pathway .........................................................................28
Gambar 2.4 Tikus Galur Wistar (Rattus novergicus) .........................................42
Gambar 3.1 Kerangka Konsep...........................................................................51
Gambar 4.1 Model Luka Eksisi pada Tikus Galur Wistar ..................................67
Gambar 4.2 Kandang Tikus di Laboratorium Farmakologi FKUB ......................55
Gambar 4.3 Alur Kerja Penelitian ......................................................................61