Tujuan Umum
Tujuan Khusus
Asuhan kep lansia dengan gangg keb rasa nyaman dan aman
KOMPETENSI KOGNITIF
KOMPETENSI AFEKTIF
= PEMBERI ASUHAN
Nurturen
Generative
Protective
SIMPATI
= RESPONSIBLE -
REAKTIF / ROLE
= AKONTABEL
(Tanggung gugat)
W = WASPADA / HATI-
= ALTRUISTIK
= TRAMPIL
MODEL
HATI
TAHU DIRI
: Educate
= Communication
C = Complete
A = Accurate
R = Rapid
E = Enjoy
C = Cooperative
A = Applicable
R = Responsive
E = Empathy
C = Considered
A = Appropriate
R = Reasoned
E = Evaluated
E = Education
C = Committed
A = Academic
R = Research
E = Extended
= Activity
= Review
Etis
Dedikatif
Santun
MANAGERIAL ERROR
Lansia sering lamban dalam bertindak, perbuatlah sesuai dengan aturan dengan penuh
kesabaran
Jangan memberikan perintah pada lansia secara bersamaan denga tindakan yang
berbeda.
KOMPETENSI SKILL/TEKNIS
Jangan ceroboh
Klien lanjut usia bukanlah robot, walaupun kemampuan untuk mengungkapkan ide
tidak layak
Minimalkan menggunakan peralatan atau mesin, bila memang tidak sangat diperlukan
Memperlihatkan otonomi
Memperlihatkan profesionalisme
keilmuan Ners
Humor
Lakukan justifikasi
Berikan penghargaan
Di Indonesia, sampai saat ini belum ada penelitian yang bersifat nasional yang
dapat menggambarkan prevalensi (angka kejadian) penderita hipertensi secara tepat. Pada
umumnya prevalensi hipertensi berkisar antara 1,8 28,6% penduduk yang berusia di
atas 20 tahun. Sebagai perbandingan di Amerika 15 % golongan kulit putih dewasa dan
25-30% golongan kulit hitam adalah penderita hipertensi.
adalah 140/90 mmHg, dan dikatakan darah tinggi/hipertensi jika tekanan darah sama atau
di atas 160/95 mmHg. Tekanan darah di antara normotensi dan hipertensi di sebut
borderline hypertension.
hypertension. Batasan tersebut tidak membedakan usia dan jenis kelamin.
hipetensi essensial atau hipertensi primer yang tidak diketahui penyebabnya atau
sampai saat ini belum ada keterangan pasti yang dapat menjelaskan penyebabnya . Faktor
yang mempengaruhi timbulnya adalah genetik,
genetik, lingkungan, hiperaktivitas saraf simpatis,
sistem renin-angiotensin (RAA), defek (kelainan) dalam ekskresi natrium, peningkatan
ion natrium dan kalsium di dalam sel, serta faktor yang meningkatkan risiko seperti
obesitas, alkohol, merokok, serta polisitemia (tingginya kadar sel darah merah dalam
darah).
STRESOR
BIOLOGIK
LINGKUNGAN
PSIKO-SOSIAL
Pemendekan telomer
initiate the repair of oxidative DNA adducts via the base excision repair pathway.
If the activity of these essential enzymes is not sufficient to protect the genome
upon exposure to oxygen free radicals, then DNA alterations will accumulate.
This can result in loss of coding fidelity, faulty gene regulation, and the
AKTIVITAS
KEPERAWATAN
TERHADAP
LANJUT
USIA
DENGAN
HIPERTENSI
psychosocial approach and skills taken into account. More well-designed studies are
needed to develop nursing care for hypertensive patients.
Tirosin
Guanin
Adenin
Urasil
PROSES HIPERTENSI
Angiotensinogen
Angiotensin I
Renin Inhibisi
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
Angiotensin II
Aktivitas NF
NFB
Aldosteron
Katekolamin
TREATMENT NON-FARMAKOLOGI
and the patients at these clinics reduce their blood pressure more than patients at
physicians' clinics.[7,9-13]
and changes in lifestyle (smoking cessation, reduction in alcohol intake, salt restriction,
increase in physical activity) are good.[11,14-19]
nonpharmacological treatment.[20] One study found that 33% of the nurses used this
treatment when they ought to have consulted a physician according to the program, but
there were no adverse events.[21] Some nurses make physical examinations, order
laboratory tests, and order medicine independently and consult a physician only when
necessary.[9,10, 12, 14, 17, 22-24]
hypertension,
hypertension, and the psychoeducational care lowered the blood pressure significantly.
By using a person-centered holistic approach in conversations with patients about
different stress factors to help them mobilize their inner resources to overcome losses or
grief, the patients' blood pressure decreased by 24/23 mmHg after 1 year.[27] With
feedback and relaxation treatment, the blood pressure decreased by 13/5 mmHg when
measured by elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension at home.[28]
Gaya Hidup Lansia
Tidak merokok
Latihan fisik
Herbal treatment
Bawang putih
Mahkota dewa
Kumis kucing
Daun salam
Blimbing buah
Madu asli
Pengkondisian Diri
Meditasi
Rhythmic breathing,
Imagery,
Lamaze,
Autogenic training,
Hypnosis,
Transcendental meditation,
Yoga,
Psychoeducational care
Kolaborasi
Obat antihipertensi
Spiritual support
Psychoeducational care in which patients were made to play an active part in their
own self-care
self-care had a significant effecton blood pressure.[26]
The patients also had greater knowledge of their condition, increased their
medication compliance, and were more likely to return for follow-up visits. When
hypertensive patients were given responsibility for their treatment, they took their
medication more correctly and their blood pressure decreased.[38]
hypertension care.[30,41,
care.[30,41, 42]
Well-treated, satisfied patients took their medication and became well-controlled.
[40]
According to one study, the patients preferred to visit a nurse than a physician[14]
Patients who visited a nurse for check-ups were as satisfied as those who visited a
physician. Some of the patients even thought that they received better information, had
more time, and had the chance to ask questions with a nurse, and patients had a positive
attitude toward their disease and health care.[12,17,
care.[12,17, 24, 34, 43]
MASALAH KEPERAWATAN
Ansietas
INTERVENSI KEPERAWATAN
Pendidikan kesehatan
Bantu relaksasi
Psikoedukasional