Kuliah Minggu 7
Kuliah Minggu 7
DIFERENSIAL
(DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION)
metode euler
metode runge-kutta
Persamaan Diferensial
Persamaan paling penting dalam bidang
rekayasa, paling bisa menjelaskan apa yang
terjadi dalam sistem fisik.
Menghitung jarak terhadap waktu dengan
kecepatan tertentu, 50 misalnya.
dx
50
dt
Rate equations
Persamaan Diferensial
Solusinya, secara analitik dengan integral,
dx 50dt
x 50t C
PDO
Pers.dif. Ordiner = pers. yg mengandung
sejumlah tertentu turunan ordiner dari satu
atau lebih variabel tak bebas terhadap satu
variabel bebas.
2
d y (t )
dy (t )
t
5
y
(
t
)
e
dt 2
dt
y(t) = variabel tak bebas
t = variabel bebas
dan turunan y(t)
Pers di atas: ordiner, orde dua, linier
PDO
Dinyatakan dalam 1 peubah dalam
menurunkan suatu fungsi
Contoh:
dy
sin x y ' sin x
dx
dP
kP P ' kP
dt
2 y ( x , t ) 2 y ( x, t )
0
2
2
x
t
PDO
y ' ' '4 y 2
d 2s
32
2
dt
( y' )2 3 y e x
dP
kP
dt
Rate equations
Analytical integration
Numerical integration
dP
kt
kP
P(t ) P0 e
dt
( (ln 2 ) )(1)
5
P1
t1
P
(
1
)
1
(
e
)
dP
P P t kdt
1
.
1487
0
0
P
ln Ck (t t0 )
P0
Rate equation
(dsolve in Maple)
State equation
Solusi Numerik
Numerical integration
Eulers
Runge-Kutta
yt t
dy
yt t
dt
Nt
N t 1 N t rN t 1
K
t ,
where t 1
dy
yt t
dt
y = f(t), unknown
yt+t,
yt+t, estimated
unknown
y
dy
dt
yt, known
t, specified
, known
N t t N t rN t 1 t t ,
K
dN
where t 1
dt
Nt/K
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
time (years)
Calculate dN/dt*1
at Nt
Add it to Nt to
estimate Nt+ t
Y0 = 10
t = 0.5
point to
estimate
dy
6 y .007 y 2
dt
analytical y(t+ t)
m1 = dy/dt at yt
m1 = 6*10-.007*(10)2
y = m1*t
estimated y(t+ t)
yest= yt + y
y
yt = 10
t = 0.5
Runge-Kutta Example
dy
6 y .007 y 2
dt
point to
estimate
t = 0.5
Runge-Kutta Example
estimated yt+t
Unknown point to
estimate, yt+t
te
h
eig
W
ve
a
d
f>
o
e
r ag
pe
o
l
1s
estimated yt+t
estimated yt+t
yt
t
t
t = 0.5
Step 1:
Evaluate slope at current value of state
variable.
y0 = 10
m1 = dy/dt at y0
m1 = 6*10-.007*(10)2
m1 = 59.3
y0
m1=slope 1
Step 2:
A) Calculate y1at t +t/2 using m1.
B) Evaluate slope at y1.
A) y1 = y0 + m1* t /2
y1 = 24.82
B) m2 = dy/dt at y1
m2 = 6*24.8-.007*(24.8)2
m2 = 144.63
y1
t = 0.5/2
m2=slope 2
Step 3:
Calculate y2 at t +t/2 using k2.
Evaluate slope at y2.
y2 = y0 + k2* t /2
y2 = 46.2
k3 = dy/dt at y2
k3 = 6*46.2-.007*(46.2)2
k3 = 263.0
y2
t = 0.5/2
k3 = slope 3
Step 4:
Calculate y3 at t +t using k3.
Evaluate slope at y3.
y3 = y0 + k3* t
y3
y3 =141.5
k4 = dy/dt at y3
k4 = 6*141.0-.007*(141.0)2
k4 = 706.9
y2
t = 0.5
k4 = slope 4
m3 = slope3
m2 = slope 2
m1 = slope 1
t = 0.5
Step 5:
Calculate weighted slope.
Use weighted slope to estimate y at t +t
1
weighted slope = (m1 2m2 2m3 m4 )
1 6
t = 0.5
estimated value
Conclusions
Analytical
Runge-Kutta
Eulers