8542 19030 1 SM
8542 19030 1 SM
Hubungan Kadar Timah Hitam dalam Darah dengan Jumlah Lekosit, Trombosit, dan Aktifitas
Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) pada Pekerja Timah Hitam di Kabupaten Tegal
The Association beetwen Blood Lead Level with the amount of lekosit, trombosit, and
superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity on workers in Tegal District.
Lily Gunawan, Onny Setiani, Suhartono
ABSTRACT
Bacground: Air pollution is a serious matter which can damage environments also human health. In Indonesia,
Lead (Pb) has huge potential to harm and to damage environments on industrial area. The inserted of lead into
human bodies especially by inhaling of leads dust through respiratory tract, most of the Lead will bounded in red
blood cells, than the rest of it will be accumalated in bone marrow and soft tissues and would bring impact of
disturbances of haematopoesis, cardiovascular, renal, nervous, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems and
also carcinogenic. This study aimed to find out the degree of exposure to Lead and its effect haematologic system
mainly leukocyte count, platelet count and activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD).
Methods: It was an observational research using cross sectional design. The subject of research was 41 workers.
Blod Lead Level (BLL)l as independent variable was examined using AAS. Dependen variable of this research was
blood profile consist of Lekosit, Trombosit, dan Activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). Data would be analyzed
using Kendall Tau correlation.
Result: Blood lead level (BLL) wasmeasured using AAS examination of 41 workers found on average 27.069 g/
dl, Permmision Exposure Limit 0.6 g/dl 108.3 g/dl exceed the limit of Centre for Disease Controle and
Prevention (CDC=10 g/dl). Examination of leukocyte count results p 0.034 (p<0.05), average 7256,9/mm,
range 380012700/mm, while platelet count p 0.857 (p>0.05), average 277634.2/mm, range 143000391000/
mm, and SOD activity p 0.220 (p>0.05), average 82.304 U/ml, range 72.11-95.92 U/ml still normal.
Conclusion: The level of BLL on workers had been over treshhold limit value (TLV)and It had significantly
correlation with the level of leucocite (p-value < 0.05)
Recommendation: Medical and preventive action are needed to restore and prevented worsening effect on health
by administering medication, routin check-up, natural chelating agent and supplement and healthly environment
programs applied.
Key words: Blood Lead Level (BLL), leukocyte count, platelet count, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity.
PENDAHULUAN
Pembangunan industri pada saat ini menyebabkan
paparan logam berat diantaranya adalah Timbal atau
timah hitam atau Plumbum (Pb). Mayoritas timah hitam
berasal dari pembakaran bahan bakar kendaraan
bermotor, emisi industri dan penggunaan cat bangunan
yang mengandung timah hitam.Timah hitam juga dapat
mencemari air minum karena adanya kontaminasi dari
pipa, solder wire dan kran air. Logam timah hitan tersebut
memiliki potensi dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan
manusia, baik jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang.1
Pemaparan kronis timah hitam dapat menyebabkan
gangguan terhadap kesehatan manusia terutama terhadap
sistem hematopoetik, sistem saluran cerna, sistem ekresi,
fungsi hati, sistem syaraf terutama menurun nya IQ
pada
anak-anak, encephalopati, gangguan
_________________________________________________
dr. Lily Gunawan, M.Kes, RSUD Kajen Kabupaten Pekalongan
dr. Onny Setiani, Ph.D, Program Magister Kesehatan Lingkungan UNDIP
Dr.dr. Suhartono, M.Kes, Program Magister Kesehatan Lingkungan UNDIP
106
Tabel 1.
No
1
2
Tabel 2.
No
1
2
3
4
Variabel
Umur(tahun)
Masa kerja (tahun)
Mean
34,7
4,5
SD
10,10
2,02
Min
20
1
Max
60
8
Analisis deskriptif hasil pemerikaan kadar Pb darah dengan jumlah lekosit, jumlah trombosit dan aktifitas
SOD pekerja timah hitam di Perkampungan Industri Kecil Kebasen Kabupaten Tegal
Variabel
Pb darah
Jumlah lekosit
Jumlah trombosit
Aktifitas SOD
Mean
27,80
7256,9
277634,2
82,304
SD
19,415
2141,83
64862,46
6,0937
Min
0,6
3800
143000
72,11
Max
108,3
12700
391000
95,92
NAB/kadar normal
10g/dl (CDC)
4000-10000/mm
150000-400000/mm
20-90 U/ml
107
Tabel 3.
Distribusi responden tentang pemakaian APD, kebiasaan merokok, lama bekerja, riwayat penyakit pada
pekerja timah hitam di Perkampungan Industri Kecil Kebasen Kabupaten Tegal.
Variabel
Pemakaian APD
Ya
tidak
0
41
0,0
100,0
Kebiasaan merokok
Ya
Tidak
29
12
70,7
29,3
21
20
51,2
48,8
0
41
0,0
100,0
Hasil analisis uji kendalls Tau antara kadar Pb dalam darah dengan jumlah lekosit, jumlah trombosit dan
aktifitas SOD di Perkampungan Industri Kecil Kebasen Kabupaten Tegal
Variabel
Jumlah lekosit
Jumlah Trombosit
Aktifitas SOD
108
Pb dalam darah
rho
-0,232
0,020
0,135
P
0,034*
0,857
0,220
Tabel 5.
Gambaran uji Kendalls Tau antara kadar Pb dalam darah, jumlah lekosit, jumlah trombosit dan aktifitas
Superoxide Dimutase (SOD) dengan umur, masa kerja, lama kerja pekerja timah hitam di Perkampungan
Industri Kecil Kebasen Kabupaten Tegal
variabel
Pb darah
Jumlah lekosit
Jumlah trombosit
Aktifitas SOD
Umur
rho
0,020
0,065
-0,191
0,024
p
0,857
0,558
0,083
0,830
Masa kerja
rho
p
-0,031
0,791
0,001
0,991
-0,161
0,170
-0,104
0,380
Lama kerja
rho
p
0,130
0,322
0,107
0,418
0,034
0,794
0,081
0,540
Tabel 6.
p
0,437
0,761
0,760
109
110
4.