12
RUMUS-RUMUS DASAR
SOAL 12.1
Jika diketahui log 2 = 0,3010 dan log 3 = 0,4771 maka log 6 adalah …
127
A. 0.7781
B. 0,9985
C. 0,7564
D. 0,6639
Penyelesaian :
= 0,3010 + 0,4771
= 0,7781
Kunci jawaban A .
SOAL 12.2
A. 2,4568
B. 1,8762
C. 2,1234
D. 1,6811
Penyelesaian :
48 = 16 3 = 24 3
log 48 = log 16 3 = log 16 + log 3
= log 24 + log 3
= 4 log 2 + log 3
= 4 ( 0,3010 ) + 0,4771
= 1,2040 + 0,4771
= 1,6811
128
Kunci jawaban D .
SOAL 12.3
A. 0,7068
B. 0,6990
C. 0,56689
D. 0,78881
Penyelesaian :
10
5=
2
log 5 = log 10
2 = log 10 – log 2 = 1 – 0,3010 = 0,6990
Kunci jawaban B .
SOAL 12.4
A. 1,9945
B. 1,2552
C. 1,0297
D. 1,3449
Penyelesaian :
18 = 2 9 = 2 32
log 18 = log 2 9
= log 2 + log9
129
= log 2 + log 32
= log 2 + 2 log 3
= 0,3010 + 2 ( 0,4771 )
= 0,3010 + 0,9542
= 1,2552
Kunci jawaban B .
SOAL 12. 5
A. 2a + b
B. 2ab
C. 2ab
D. 2ba
Penyelesaian :
Kunci jawaban A .
SOAL 12.6
A. 1,568
B. 2,556
C. 3,556
D. 3,778
130
Penyelesaian :
= log 3600
= log 602
= 2 log 60
= 2 ( 1,778 )
= 3,556
Kunci jawaban C .
SOAL 12.7
A. 0,903
B. 0,954
C. 1,176
D. 1,204
Penyelesaian :
log 8 = log 23
= 3 log 2
= 3 log 105
= 3 ( log 10 – log 5 )
= 3 ( 1 – 0,699 )
= 3 ( 0,301 ) = 0,903
Kunci jawaban A .
131
SOAL 12.8
6 6 6
Jika log 2 = 0,39 dan log 5 = 0,90 maka nilai log 75 = …..
A. 1,29
B. 1,42
C. 2,19
D. 2,41
Penyelesaian :
6
log 75 = 6
log 3 25
= log 3 + 6 log 25
6
= 6 log 3 + 6 log 5 2
= 6 log 3 + 2 6 log 5
6 6
= log + 2 6 log 5
2
= 6
log 6 6 log 2 + 2 6 log 5
= 1 – 0,39 + 2 ( 0,90 )
= 1 – 0,39 + 1,80
= 2,41
Kunci jawaban D .
SOAL 12.9
A. 2p
B. 4p
C. p2
D. 2p2
Penyelesaian :
132
2 2
log 49 = log 7 2
= 2 2 log 7
2
= 2 2 log 7 2
= 2 2 4 log 7
= 4p
Kunci jawaban B .
SOAL 12.10
A. n log 2
B. ( n – 1 ) log 2
C. ( n + 1 ) log 2
D. 12 n ( n + 1 ) log 2
Penyelesaian :
SOAL 12.11
133
A. 8
B. 6
C. 4
D. 3
Penyelesaian :
x
log 2 + x log( 3 x 4 ) = 2 x
log 2 ( 3 x 4 ) = 2
x
log ( 6 x 8 ) = 2
x 2 = 6x – 8
x 2 – 6x +8 = 0
( x – 4 )( x – 2 ) = 0
x = 4 atau x = 2
SOAL 12.12
Jika 6 log 3 = 0,61 dan 6 log 5 = 0,90 maka nilai 6 log 50 = …..
A. 1,29
B. 1,42
C. 2,19
D. 2,41
Penyelesaian :
6
log 50 = 6
log 2 25
= log 2 + 6 log 5 2
6
134
6 6
= log + 2 6 log 5
3
= 6 log 6 6 log 3 + 2 6 log 5
= 1 – 0,61 + 2 ( 0,90 )
= 1 – 0,61 + 1,80
= 2,19
Kunci jawaban C .
SOAL 12.13
A. p+q–½
B. p + 2q + ½
C. p – q + 1 12
D. p–q+½
Penyelesaian :
4 140
4
log 70 = log
2
= log 140 4 log 2
4
= 4 log 5 28 4 log 2
= 4 log 5 + 4 log 28 4 log 2
1
= 4 log 5 + 4 log 28 2 2 4 log 2
= 4 log 5 + 4 log 28 ½ 4
log 4
= p+q–½
Kunci jawaban A .
SOAL 12.14
135
3
a. log 27
4
b. log 8
5
c. log 125
4
d. log 2
Penyelesaian :
3
a. log 33 = 3
22 3
b. log 2 3 = 2
5
c. log 5 3 = 3
2
d. 2
log 2 = ½
SOAL 12.15
a. 2
log x =
3
b. 2
log 16 = x
c. x
log 81 = 4
Penyelesaian :
a. 2
3 x = 23 = 8
log x =
b. log 16 = x 2x = 24
2
atau x = 4
d. x
log 81 = 4 x = 3 atau x = 3
4 4
136