setting mail server debian 5

Howto: Installasi mailserver dengan postfix and courier menggunakan authentikasi mysql Tutorial ini menjelaskan Step by Step tentang cara membuat mailserver dg virtual domain (domain email tidak harus selalu sama dg domain komputer yang sesungguhnya) denganberbasiskan postfix dan courier dg memanfaatkan mysql sebagai penyimpan data username & password bagi tiap2 user. Berikut ini yang harus anda lakukan. ( INTERNET )-| DMZ |-( Local Area Networks ) Step 1: Install paket-paket yang diperlukan Paket yang diperlukan dalam tutorial ini antara lain : Untuk Mengirim email (SMTP) : postfix (Pilih: Local only), postfix-tls, postfix-mysql, postfix-doc Untuk Database user : mysql-client-5.0, mysql-server-5.0 Untuk menerima email (POP3 & IMAP) : courier-base (Pilih: No), courier-authdaemon, courier-authlib-mysql, courier-pop, courier-pop-ssl, courier-imap, courier-imap-ssl Untuk Keamanan Pengiriman dan Penerimaan email : libsasl2, libsasl2-modules, libsasl2modules-sql, openssl Untuk Mencegah Virus dan Spam : amavisd-new, spamassassin, clamav, clamav-daemon, zoo, unzip, lha Untuk tampilan WebMail : squirrelmail, phpmyadmin Untuk testing tools : telnet sakarotul:~# apt-get install postfix postfix-tls postfix-mysql postfix-doc mysql-client-5.0 mysql-server-5.0 courier-authdaemon courier-authlib-mysql courier-pop courier-pop-ssl courier-imap courier-imap-ssl libsasl2 libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-sql openssl amavisd-new spamassassin clamav clamav-daemon zoo unzip lha squirrelmail phpmyadmin telnet Step 2: Membuat user, database, dan tabel yang diperlukan pada mysql Tambahkan database dan tabel-tabel baru pada mysql anda sebagai berikut sakarotul:~# mysql -u root -p password: mysql>CREATE DATABASE mail; mysql>CREATE USER mailadmin@localhost identified by passwordanda; mysql>USE mail; mysql>CREATE TABLE domains ( domain varchar(50) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (domain) ) TYPE=MyISAM; mysql>CREATE TABLE forwardings ( source varchar(80) NOT NULL, destination TEXT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (source) ) TYPE=MyISAM; mysql>CREATE TABLE users ( email varchar(80) NOT NULL,

password varchar(20) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (email) ) TYPE=MyISAM; mysql>GRANT all ON mail.* TO mailadmin@localhost; Step 3: Membuat file2 baru sebagai penunjuk ke database mysql Buat file baru dg nama mysql-virtual_domains.cf : sakarotul:~# touch /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf isi file mysql-virtual_domains.cf dg baris-baris dibawah ini : sakarotul:~# mcedit /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf user = mailadmin password = passwordanda dbname = mail table = domains select_field = virtual where_field = domain hosts = 127.0.0.1 Buat file baru dg nama mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf yg berisi : sakarotul:~# touch /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf isi file mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf dg baris-baris dibawah ini : sakarotul:~# mcedit /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf user = mailadmin password = passwordanda dbname = mail table = forwardings select_field = destination where_field = source hosts = 127.0.0.1 Buat file baru dg nama user mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf yg berisi : sakarotul:~# touch /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf isi file mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf dg baris-baris dibawah ini : sakarotul:~# mcedit /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf user = mailadmin password = passwordanda dbname = mail table = users select_field = CONCAT(SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,@,1),/,SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,@,1),/) where_field = email hosts = 127.0.0.1 Buat file baru mysql-virtual_email2email.cf yang berisi : sakarotul:~# touch /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf isi file mysql-virtual_email2email.cf dg baris-baris dibawah ini : sakarotul:~# mcedit /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf user = mailadmin password = passwordanda dbname = mail table = users select_field = email where_field = email

hosts = 127.0.0.1 [Penting] Demi keamanan, pastikan hanya user root & postfix saja yang bisa mengakses filefile yang telah anda buat. sakarotul:~# chown root:postfix /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_*.cf sakarotu;:~# chmod u=rw,g=r,o= /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_*.cf Step 4: Membuat user baru pada system kita sebagai administrator-email User ini bertugas untuk membuat maildir baru setiap ada user baru yang mendaftar pada mailserver anda sakarotul:~# groupadd -g 5000 mail-admin sakarotul:~# useradd -g mail-admin -u 5000 mail-admin -d /home/mail -m sakarotul:~# mkdir /home/mail sakarotul:~# chown -R mail-admin:mail-admin /home/mail sakarotul:~# chmod -R u=rwx,g=,o= /home/mail Step 5: Mengkonfigurasi postfix sbg server SMTP File main.cf ini adalah file konfigurasi utama dari postfix sakarotul:~# mcedit /etc/postfix/main.cf Editlah file tsb, sehingga menjadi seperti dibawah ini : inet_interfaces = all myhostname = mail.domain-anda.org (fqdn) mydestination = (jangan menuliskan virtual domain disini -> lebih baik dikosongi saja) mynetworks = lqman.org (nama domain anda) virtual_alias_domains = virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf virtual_mailbox_base = /home/mail virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination smtpd_use_tls = yes smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key Testing Restart service postfix, dan cobalah untuk mengakses port 25 dengan telnet sakarotul:~# /etc/init.d/postfix restart sakarotul:~# postfix check Jika tidak muncul suatu pesan kesalahan, berarti anda sukses. sakarotul:~# telnet localhost 25 Trying 127.0.0.1 Connected to localhost.localdomain. Escape character is ^]. 220 mail.lqman.org ESMTP Postfix (Debian/GNU)

Jika muncul sebagaimana tulisan diatas, berarti postfix anda sudah berjalan lancar Tekanlah tombol Ctrl+] lalu ketik quit untuk keluar dari sesi telnet, Ambilah napas dalam-dalam, dan lanjutkan perjuangan Step 6: Mengaktifkan fasilitas authentikasi pada postfix (Auth-SMTP) Tell Postfix to use SASL/MySQL, dg cara buat file baru dg nama /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf : sakarotul:~# touch /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf Isi file /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf dg baris-baris dibawah ini : sakarotul:~# mcedit /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf pwcheck_method: auxprop auxprop_plugin: sql mech_list: plain login cram-md5 digest-md5 sql_engine: mysql sql_hostnames: 127.0.0.1 sql_user: mailadmin sql_passwd: passwordanda sql_database: mail sql_select: select password from users where email=%u@%r log_level: 7 [Penting] Demi keamanan, pastikan hanya user root & postfix saja yang bisa mengakses filefile yang telah anda buat. sakarotul:~# chown root:postfix /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf sakarotul:~# chmod u=rw,g=r,o= /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf Mengaktifkan TLS untuk meng-encrypt SMTP traffik, dg cara membuat sertifikat (certificate) root@bajoel:~# openssl req -new -outform PEM -out /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout /etc/postfix/smtpd.key -keyform PEM -days 365 -x509 [Penting] Demi keamanan, pastikan hanya user root & postfix saja yang bisa mengakses filefile yang telah anda buat. sakarotul:~# chown root:postfix /etc/postfix/smtpd.* sakarotul:~# chmod u=rw,g=r,o= /etc/postfix/smtpd.* Step 7: Mengkonfigurasi courier sebagai server POP3 / IMAP Edit file /etc/courier/authdaemonrc : sakarotul:~# mcedit /etc/courier/authdaemonrc Ubah parameter authmodulelist menjadi : authmodulelist=authmysql Lalu edit file /etc/courier/authmysqlrc : sakarotul:~# mcedit /etc/courier/authmysqlrc Ubah beberapa parameter, shg menjadi seperti di bawah ini : MYSQL_SERVER localhost MYSQL_USERNAME mailadmin MYSQL_PASSWORD passwordanda MYSQL_PORT 0 MYSQL_DATABASE mail MYSQL_USER_TABLE users #MYSQL_CRYPT_PWFIELD (jadikan baris ini sebagai komentar) MYSQL_CLEAR_PWFIELD password

MYSQL_UID_FIELD 5000 MYSQL_GID_FIELD 5000 MYSQL_LOGIN_FIELD email MYSQL_HOME_FIELD /home/mail MYSQL_MAILDIR_FIELD CONCAT(SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,@,1),/,SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,@,1),/) #MYSQL_NAME_FIELD (jadikan baris ini sebagai komentar) [Penting] Mengedit file authmysqlrc agak sedikit susah, pastikan anda berhati-hati dan tidak membuat kesalahan (jangan memakai tanda SPASI, tetapi gunakan tombol TAB) Testing Restart service courier-authdaemon, dan cobalah untuk mengakses port 110 dengan telnet sakarotul:~# /etc/init.d/courier-authdaemon restart Jika tidak muncul suatu pesan kesalahan, berarti anda sukses sakarotul:~# telnet localhost 110 Trying 127.0.0.1 Connected to localhost. Escape character is ^]. +OK Hello there. Jika muncul pesan seperti diatas, maka berbahagialah. Tarik napas dalam-dalam dan ucapkan hamdalah atas keberhasilan anda [Penting] Anda tidak dapat membuka mailbox / maildir anda sebelum ada email yang terkirim pada mailbox anda. Pesan kesalahan akan dimunculkan. Karena itulah anda harus mengirim welcome email pada setiap user baru. Step 8: Test hasil konfigurasi anda Selamat, anda telah menyelesaikan poin konfigurasi. Pada bagian ini anda anda hanya akan men-testing server yang telah anda konfig sebelumnya. Sekarang kita akan membuat database pada domain yang akan kita coba, domain inilah yang kita jadikan sebagai domain percobaan untuk mengirim dan menerima email. Buatlah domain baru dg nama lqman.org pada tabel domains, dan buatlah juga alamat email dan password baru pada tabel users. Untuk lebih jelasnya ikutilah syntax mysql dibawah ini. sakarotul:~# mysql -u mailadmin -p mail password: mysql>INSERT INTO domains(domain) VALUES (lqman.org); mysql>INSERT INTO users(email,password) VALUES (admin@lqman.org,admin); mysql>INSERT INTO users(email,password) VALUES (user@lqman.org,user); Sekarang kita sudah punya sebuah virtual domain baru dg nama lqman.org dan 2 orang user, yaitu admin@lqman.org dan user@lqman.org yang masing-masing user ini mempunyai password admin dan user. Jika anda tidak mempunyai MX record pada DNS server anda, maka kami menyarankan utk menambahkan MX record spt dibawah ini : sakarotul:~# mcedit /etc/bind/db.lqman.org @ IN MX 5 mail.lqman.org. mail IN A 10.122.1.22 IP-Address 10.122.1.22 hanya sebagai contoh saja, ubahlah sesuai dg IP-Address yg anda inginkan. Kemudian untuk mencoba pengiriman email dari smtp server anda, lakukan telnet

pada localhost 25 sakarotul:~# telnet localhost 25 Trying 127.0.0.1 Connected to localhost.localdomain. Escape character is ^]. 220 mail.lqman.org ESMTP Postfix (Debian/GNU) Kemudian secara interaktif (pada mode telnet) berikan perintah spt dibawah ini : Anda : ehlo virtual.test Server : 250-mailtest 250-PIPELINING 250-SIZE 10240000 250-VRFY 250-ETRN 250-STARTTLS 250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 250-AUTH=LOGIN PLAIN DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 250 8BITMIME Anda : mail from:admin@lqman.org Server : 250 Ok Anda : rcpt to:user@lqman.org Server : 250 Ok Anda : data Server : 354 End data with . Anda : Subject:Just for test This is a test email . (tanda titik) Server : 250 Ok: queued as ABC1D1C123 Anda : quit Server : 221 BYE Jika respon server seperti tulisan diatas, berarti email dari admin@lqman.org kepada user@lqman.org sudah masuk ke dalam antrian untuk segera dikirimkan oleh postfix (SMTP server). Lihatlah pada log file yang berada pada /var/log/mail.info : sakarotul:~# tail -f /var/log/mail/info | ccze Pasti akan kita lihat bagin seperti dibawah ini : Jul 24 21:48:28 myserver postfix/smtpd[9119]: connect from myserver[127.0. 0.1] Jul 24 21:48:48 myserver postfix/smtpd[9119]: F2C1B47BD: client=myserver[127.0.0.1] Jul 24 21:48:52 myserver postfix/cleanup[9144]: F2C1B47BD: message -id= Jul 24 21:48:52 myserver postfix/qmgr[9117]: F2C1B47BD: from=, size=313, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 24 21:48:52 myserver postfix/virtual[9148]: F2C1B47BD: to=, relay=virtual, delay=10, status=sent (delivered to maildir) Jika anda melihat status=sent (delivered to maildir) maka email yang anda kirimkan sudah berhasil dikirimkan ke dalam Maildir user yang bersangkutan (user@lqman.org). Jalankan perintah find untuk melihat seluruh file dan direktori yang ada dibawah direktori /home/mail. sakarotul:~# find /home/mail /home/mail/

/home/mail/lqman.org /home/mail/lqman.org/user /home/mail/lqman.org/user/cur /home/mail/lqman.org/user/new /home/mail/lqman.org/user/new/1170803794.V805I1c1fbM98807.bajoel /home/mail/lqman.org/user/new/1170803833.V805I1c1feM87660.bajoel /home/mail/lqman.org/user/tmp Semuanya berjalan Lancar? Bagus.. Sebagai langkah terakhir, anda harus mencoba login pada email baru nada melalui tampilan web yg telah disediakan oleh squirrelmail. Pada percobaan ini, username yang bisa digunakan adalah user@lqman.org dengan password user Step 9: Menambahkan User Baru pada Mail-Server Pada step yang terakhir ini anda tinggal memasukkan / menambahkan pada database setiap username dan password user baru pada mailserver anda. Untuk setiap virtual-domain baru, Tambahkan nama virtual-domain tsb pada tabel domains Untuk setiap user baru, Tambahkan username (email address) dan password (plain text) pada tabel users Untuk setiap forwarding, Tambahkan source dan destination mail address pada tabel forwardings, jika anda punya banyak destination, pisahkan dengan koma. Tabel ini digunakan untuk me-redirect setiap email pada system anda, termasuk juga anda bisa meredirect local mail-address. Contoh : source destination Effect test@my.domain philip@my.domain me-redirect emails untuk postmaster kepada philip. @my.domain @another.domain Ini adalah re-direction thd seluruh domain. Setiap email yang dialamatkan kpd suatu user pada domain my.domain akan di-forward kepada user yang sama pada domain another.domain. Jadi mail kpd lqman@my.domain akan di-redirect kepada lqman@another.domain. jesper@my.domain dilbert@my.domain,dilbert@gmail.com mem-forward email yg dialamatkan untuk jesper@my.domain kepada dilbert@my.domain dan dilbert@gmail.com Step 10: Interface WebMail dg squirrelmail Untuk mempermudah user anda dalam menggunakan mailserver yg sdh anda buat, maka tampilan web merupakan interface yang paling mudah. Oleh karena itu paket squirrelmail yang sudah kita install pada step pertama harus dikonfigurasi sesuai dg mailserver yg sdh kita buat. Untuk menyesuaikan dg konfigurasi mailserver ini, cukup lakukan perintah squirrelmailconfigure : sakarotul:~# squirrelmail-configure lalu lakukan sesuai dg langkah-langkah yang sudah tersedia. Langkah yang paling penting disini adalah saat menentukan Server Settings saja, selain itu tidak ada yang terlalu penting. Pada saat menentukan Server Settings, lakukan perubahan spt dibawah ini Secure IMAP (TLS) : false Server software : courier Kemudian save opsi tersebut dg cara menekan tombol s, lalu keluar dari configurasi dg menekan tombol q.

Step 11: Menjadikan webmail kita sebagai VirtualHost baru Buatlah file baru pada konfigurasi webserver anda (pada tutorial ini dipakai webserver apache2) sakarotul:~# touch /etc/apache2/sites/available/squirrelmail Kemudian tambahkan baris-baris dibawah ini : NameVirtualHost 10.122.1.22:80 ServerAdmin admin@lqman.org ServerName mail.lqman.org DocumentRoot /usr/share/squirrelmail Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all Setelah itu, buatlah symbolic link ke direktori /etc/apache2/sites-enable/ dengan cara : sakarotul:~# ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/squirrelmail.conf /etc/apache/sitesenable/001squirrelmail.conf Lalu cek konfigurasi apache2 dg syntax : sakarotul:~# apache2ctl configtest dan jika muncul tulisan Syntax OK, maka restart-lah apache2 dg : sakarotul:~# apache2ctl restart

Postfix and Courier Installation using MySQL

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Contents
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1 Introduction 2 Requirements 3 Pre-Installation 4 Install Postfix, Courier and Saslauthd 5 Apply Quota Patch To Postfix 6 Prevent APT from upgrading Postfix 7 Create The MySQL Database For Postfix/Courier o 7.1 MySQL Database Structure 8 Configure Postfix 9 Configure Saslauthd 10 Configure Courier 11 Quota Notifications 12 Testing Postfix 13 Adding to the Database o 13.1 Forwarding Options o 13.2 Transport Options 14 References

Introduction
This HOWTO describes how to install a mail server, using Postfix, that is based on virtual users and domains - i.e. users and domains that are stored in a MySQL database. We'll also cover the installation and configuration of Courier (Courier-POP3, Courier-IMAP), so that Courier can authenticate against the same MySQL database that Postfix uses. The resulting Postfix server is capable of SMTP-AUTH and quota. Quota is not built into Postfix but we'll patch your Postfix appropriately and prevent apt from upgrading and breaking Postfix in the future. Passwords are stored in encrypted form in the database. This HOWTO is meant as a practical guide which I used to setup my own system. It does not cover the theoretical backgrounds as they are treated in a lot of other documents available on the web.

Requirements
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A Debian Etch base installation - Installation HOWTO here.

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A working version of MySQL, phpMyAdmin and PHP - Installation HOWTO here. Root access to your server.

Pre-Installation
Before proceeding to install, update the necessary packages in Debian with these commands.
apt-get update apt-get upgrade

Install Postfix, Courier and Saslauthd

Installing Postfix, Courier and Saslauthd is as easy as running this one simple command:
apt-get install postfix postfix -mysql postfix -doc courier -authdaemon courier-authlib-mysql courier -pop courier -pop-ssl courier-imap courier -imap-ssl libsasl2 libsasl2 -modules libsasl2 -modulessql sasl2 -bin libpam -mysql openssl

Ensure that the above command is run in one line (i.e. don't break it up)! You will be asked a few questions:
General type of configuration? < -- Internet site Where should mail for root go? < -- NONE Mail name? < -- server1.example.com (replace according to your server) Other destinations to accept mail for? (blank for none) < -server1.example.com, localhost, localhost.localdomain Force synchronous updates on mail queue? < -- No SSL certificate required < -- Ok

Apply Quota Patch To Postfix

Falko Timme's original documentation was a little outdated for Debian Etch and my initial trials didn't work. I've managed to figure out how to patch Postfix 2.3.4-3 as follows. We have to get the Postfix sources, patch it with the quota patch, build new Postfix .deb packages and install those .deb packages:
apt-get install build -essential dpkg -dev fakeroot debhelper libdb4.2 -dev libgdbm-dev libldap2 -dev libpcre3 -dev libmy sqlclient15 -dev libssl -dev libsasl2-dev postgresql -dev po-debconf dpatch

NB: Run the above command in one line i.e. don't break it up.
cd /usr/src apt-get source postfix wget http://vda.sourceforge.net/VDA/postfix -2.3.4-vda.patch.gz gunzip postfix -2.3.4-vda.patch.gz cd postfix -2.3.4 patch -p1 < ../postfix-2.3.4-vda.patch.gz dpkg-buildpackage cd ..

dpkg -i postfix_2.3.4 -3_i386.deb dpkg -i postfix -mysql_2.3.4 -3_i386.deb

Prevent APT from upgrading Postfix

I like to keep my system up to date however patching Postfix requires us to prevent apt from trying to upgrade Postfix and in turn break our installation. Here's what I did:
vim /etc/apt/preferences

Add the following to this new file:

Package: postfix Pin: version 2.3.4 Pin-Priority: 1001 Package: postfix -mysql Pin: version 2.3.4 Pin-Priority: 100 1 Package: postfix -dev Pin: version 2.3.4 Pin-Priority: 1001

Save this new file and run the following:

apt-get update apt-get upgrade

If all went well you should see the following output:

The following packages have been kept back: postfix postfix -dev postfix -mysql 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.

Create The MySQL Database For Postfix/Courier

Let's create a database for Postfix and Courier called mail:
mysqladmin -u root -p create mail

Next, we go to the MySQL shell:

mysql -u root -p

In the MySQL shell, we create the user mail_admin with the passwort mail_admin_password (replace it with your own password) who has SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE privileges on the mail database. This user will be used by Postfix and Courier to connect to the mail database:
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON mail.* TO 'mail_admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mail_admin_password';

GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON mail.* TO 'mail_admin'@'localhost.localdoma in' IDENTIFIED BY 'mail_admin_password'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Still in the MySQL shell, we create the tables that Postfix and Courier need:
USE mail; CREATE TABLE domains ( domain varchar(50) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (domain) ) TYPE=MyISAM; CREATE TABLE forward ings ( source varchar(80) NOT NULL, destination TEXT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (source) ) TYPE=MyISAM; CREATE TABLE users ( email varchar(80) NOT NULL, password varchar(20) NOT NULL, quota INT(10) DEFAULT '10485760', PRIMARY KEY (email) ) TYPE=MyISAM; CREATE TABLE transport ( domain varchar(128) NOT NULL default , transport varchar(128) NOT NULL default UNIQUE KEY domain (domain) ) TYPE=MyISAM; quit;

MySQL Database Structure

The domains table will store each virtual domain that Postfix should receive emails for (e.g. example.com).
domain example.com

The forwardings table is for aliasing one email address to another, e.g. forward emails for info@example.com to sales@example.com.
source destination

info@example.com sales@example.com

The users table stores all virtual users (i.e. email addresses, because the email address and user name is the same) and passwords (in encrypted form!) and a quota value for each mail box (in this example the default value is 10485760 bytes which means 10M B).

email

password

quota

info@example.com No9.E4skNvGa. 10485760

The transport table is optional and is for advanced users. It allows us to forward mails for single users, whole domains or all mails to another server. For example,
domain transport

example.com smtp:[1.2.3.4]

would forward all emails for example.com via the smtp protocol to the server with the IP address 1.2.3.4 (the square brackets [] mean "do not make a lookup of the MX DNS record" (which makes sense for IP addresses...). If you use a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) instead you would not use the square brackets.).

Configure Postfix
Now we have to tell Postfix where it can find all the information in the database. Therefore we have to create six text files. You will notice that I tell Postfix to connect to MySQL on the IP address 127.0.0.1 instead of localhost. This is because Postfix is running in a chroot jail and does not have access to the MySQL socket which it would try to connect if I told Postfix to use localhost. If I use 127.0.0.1 Postfix uses TCP networking to connect to MySQL which is no problem even in a chroot jail (the alternative would be to move the MySQL socket into the chroot jail which causes some other problems). Please make sure that /etc/mysql/my.cnf contains the following line:
bind-address = 127.0.0.1

so that MySQL allows connections on 127.0.0.1 (restart MySQL if you have to make changes to /etc/mysql/my.cnf). Now let's create our six text files. /etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf
user = mail_admin password = mail_a dmin_password dbname = mail table = domains select_field = 'virtual' where_field = domain hosts = 127.0.0.1

/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf

user = mail_admin password = mail_admin_password dbname = mail table = forwardings select_field = destination where_field = source hosts = 127.0.0.1

/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf
user = mail_admin password = mail_admin_password dbname = mail table = users select_field = CONCAT(SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,'@', 1),'/',SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,'@',1),'/ ') where_field = email hosts = 127.0.0.1

/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf
user = mail_admin password = mail_admin_password dbname = mail table = users select_field = email where_field = email hosts = 127.0.0.1

/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_transports.cf
user = mail_admin password = mail_admin_password dbname = mail table = transport select_field = transport where_field = domain hosts = 127.0.0.1

/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf
user = mail_admin password = mail_admin_password dbname = mail table = users select_field = quota where_field = email hosts = 127.0.0.1

Next run the following commands:

chmod o= /etc/postfix/mysql -virtual_*.cf chgrp postfix /etc/postfix/mysql -virtual_*.cf

Now we create a user and group called vmail with the home directory /home/vmail. This is where all mail boxes will be stored.

groupadd -g 5000 vmail useradd -g vmail -u 5000 vmail -d /home/vmail -m

Next we do some Postfix configuration. Ensure that you replace server1.example.com below with your own server name otherwise Postfix will not work properly!
postconf -e 'myhostname = server1.example.com' postconf -e 'mydestination = server1.example.com, localhost, localhost.localdomain' postconf -e 'mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8' postconf -e 'virtual_alias_domains =' postconf -e ' virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql virtual_forwardings.cf, mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql -virtual_email2email.cf' postconf -e 'virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql virtual_domains.cf' postconf -e 'virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql virtual_mailboxes.cf' postconf -e 'virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail' postconf -e 'virtual_uid_maps = static:5000' postconf -e 'virtual_g id_maps = static:5000' postconf -e 'smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes' postconf -e 'broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes' postconf -e 'smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination' postconf -e 'smtpd_use_tls = yes' postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert' postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key' postconf -e 'transport_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql virtual_transports.cf' postconf -e 'virtual_create_maildirsize = yes' postconf -e 'virtual_mailbox_extended = yes' postconf -e 'virtual_mailbox_limit_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql virtual_mailbox_limit_maps.cf' postconf -e 'virtual_mailbox_limit_override = yes' postconf -e 'virtual_maildir_limit_message = "The user yo u are trying to reach is over quota."' postconf -e 'virtual_overquota_bounce = yes' postconf -e 'proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipie nt_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps'

Configure Saslauthd
mkdir -p /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd

Edit /etc/default/saslauthd. Remove the # in front of START=yes and add the line PARAMS="-m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd -r". The file should then look like this:
# This needs to be uncommented before saslauthd will be run automatically START=yes # # # # You must specify the aut hentication mechanisms you wish to use. This defaults to "pam" for PAM support, but may also include "shadow" or "sasldb", like this: MECHANISMS="pam shadow"

MECHANISMS="pam" PARAMS="-m /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd

-r"

We must also edit /etc/init.d/saslauthd and change the location of saslauthd's PID file. Change the value of PIDFILE to /var/spool/postfix/var/run/${NAME}/saslauthd.pid:
PIDFILE="/var/spool/postfix/var/run/${NAME}/saslauthd.pid"

Then create the file /etc/pam.d/smtp. It should contain only the following two lines (be sure to fill in your correct database details):
auth required pam_mysql.so user=mail_admin passwd=mail_admin_password host=127.0.0.1 db=mail table=users usercolumn=email passwdcolumn=password crypt=1 account sufficient pam_mysql.so user=mail_admin passwd=mail_admin_password host=127.0.0.1 db=mail table=users usercolumn=email passwdcolumn=password crypt=1

Next create the file /etc/postfix/sasl/smtpd.conf remembering to replace the mysql password with your own. It should look like this:
pwcheck_method: saslauthd mech_list: plain login allow_plaintext: true auxprop_plugin: mysql sql_hostnames: 127.0.0.1 sql_user: mail_admin sql_passwd: mail_admin_password sql_database: mail sql_select: select pass word from users where email = '%u'

Then restart Postfix and Saslauthd:

/etc/init.d/postfix restart postfix check /etc/init.d/saslauthd restart

Configure Courier
Now we have to tell Courier that it should authenticate against our MySQL database. First, edit /etc/courier/authdaemonrc and change the value of authmodulelist so that it reads:
authmodulelist="authmysql"

Then edit /etc/courier/authmysqlrc. It should look like this (again, make sure to fill in the correct database details):
MYSQL_SERVER localhost MYSQL_USERNAME mail_admin MYSQL_PASSWORD mail_admin_password MYSQL_PORT 0 MYSQL_DATABASE mail MYSQL_USER_TABLE users MYSQL_CRYPT_PWFIELD password

#MYSQL_CLEAR_PWFIELD password MYSQL_UID_FIELD 5000 MYSQL_GID_FIELD 5000 MYSQL_LOGIN_FIELD email MYSQL_HOME_FIELD "/home/vmail" MYSQL_MAILDIR_FIELD CONCAT(SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,'@', 1),'/',SUBSTRING_INDEX(email,'@',1),'/') #MYSQL_NAME_FIELD MYSQL_QUOTA_FIELD quota

Then restart Courier:

/etc/init.d/courier -authdaemon restart /etc/init.d/courier -imap resta rt /etc/init.d/courier -imap-ssl restart /etc/init.d/courier -pop restart /etc/init.d/courier -pop-ssl restart

By running:
telnet localhost pop3

you can see if your POP3 server is working correctly. It should give back +OK Hello there. (Type quit to get back to the Linux shell.)

Quota Notifications
If you want to get notifications about all the email accounts that are over quota, then do this:
cd /usr/local/sbin/ wget http://puuhis.net/vhcs/quota.txt mv quota.txt quota_notify chmod 755 quota_notify

Open /usr/local/sbin/quota_notify and edit the variables at the top:

my my my my my my my my my $POSTFIX_CF = "/etc/postfix/main.cf"; $MAILPROG = "/usr/sbin/sendmail -t"; $WARNPERCENT = 80; @POSTMASTERS = ('postmaster@example.com'); $CONAME = 'ISP.tld'; $COADDR = 'postmaster@example.com'; $SUADDR = 'postmaster@example.com'; $MAIL_REPORT = 1; $MAIL_WARNING = 1;

Once done run:

crontab -e

And add the following cron job for the script:

0 0 * * * /usr/local/sbin/quota_notify &> /dev/null

Testing Postfix
To see if Postfix is ready for SMTP-AUTH run:
telnet localhost 25

After you have established the connection to your postfix mail server type
ehlo localhost

If you see the following lines then everything is configured correctly:

250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN 250-AUTH=LOGIN PLAIN

Adding to the Database

To populate the database you can use the MySQL shell:
mysql -u root -p USE mail;

At a minimum you have to create entries in the domain and user tables:
INSERT INTO `domains` (`domain`) VALUES ('example.com'); INSERT INTO `users` (`email`, `password`, `quota`) VALUES ('sales@example.com', ENCRYPT('secret'), 10485760);

To add entries into the other two tables you would do the following:
INSERT INTO `forwardings` (`source`, `destination`) VALUES ('info@example.com', 'sales@example.com'); INSERT INTO `transport` (`domain`, `transport`) VALUES ('example.com', 'smtp:mail.example.com');

To leave the MySQL shell, type

quit;

Forwarding Options

The forwardings table can have entries as follows:

source destination description Redirects emails for info@example.com to sales@example.com

info@example.com sales@example.com

@example.com

thomas@example.com

Creates a Catch-All account for thomas@example.com. All emails to example.com will arrive at thomas@example.com, except those that exist in the users table (i.e., if sales@example.com exists in the users table, mails to sales@example.com will still arrive at sales@example.com). This redirects all emails to example.com to the same user at anotherdomain.tld. E.g., emails to thomas@example.com will be forwarded to thomas@anotherdomain.tld. Forward emails for info@example.com to two or more email addresses. All listed email addresses under destination receive a copy of the email.

@example.com

@anotherdomain.com

sales@example.com, info@example.com billing@anotherdomain.com

Transport Options

The transport table can have entries like these:

domain transport description Delivers emails for example.com locally. This is as if this record would not exist in this table at all. Delivers all emails for example.com via smtp to the server mail.anotherdomain.com. Delivers all emails for example.com via smtp to the server mail.anotherdomain.com, but on port 2025, not 25 which is the default port for smtp. The square brackets prevent Postfix from doing lookups of the MX DNS

example.com

example.com

smtp:mail.anotherdomain.com

example.com

smtp:mail.anotherdomain.com:2025

example.com

smtp:[1.2.3.4], smtp:[1.2.3.4]:2025,

smtp:[mail.anotherdomain.tld]

record for the address in square brackets. Makes sense for IP addresses. Mail for any subdomain of example.com is delivered to mail.anotherdomain.com. All emails are delivered to mail.anotherdomain.com. Emails for joe@example.com are delivered to mail.anotherdomain.com.

.example.com

smtp:mail.anotherdomain.com

smtp:mail.anotherdomain.com

joe@example.com smtp:mail.anotherdomain.com

Please keep in mind that the order of entries in the transport table is important! The entries will be followed from the top to the bottom. Important: Postfix uses a caching mechanism for the transports, therefore it might take a while until you changes in the transport table take effect. If you want them to take effect immediately, run
postfix reload

after you have made your changes in the transport table.