PEMBUATAN KULIT SINTETIS DENGAN FILLER TIMBAL (II)

KLORIDA (PbCl2) SEBAGAI MATERIAL APRON PROTEKSI RADIASI

DI UNIT RADIOLOGI
oleh
Faiz Asyifaa Mohtar
10/301041/TK/36774
Diajukan kepada Jurusan Teknik Fisika Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Gadjah Mada pada tanggal 14 Oktober 2014
untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan untuk memperoleh derajat
sarjana S-1 Program Studi Teknik Nuklir
INTISARI
Dalam keorganisasian sebuah rumah sakit, terdapat suatu Unit Radiologi
yang menangani kegiatan radiodiagnostik, radioterapi, dan kedokteran nuklir..
Para pekerja rumah sakit yang bekerja dengan radiasi tentu beresiko menerima
jumlah paparan radiasi yang lebih tinggi daripada pasiennya sendiri. Sesuai
dengan prinsip ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable), diperlukan apron
proteksi radiasi yang berfungsi sebagai penyerap radiasi. Apron sekarang yang
terbuat dari pelat timbal memiliki banyak kekurangan seperti berat, kaku dan
mudah bengkok sehingga membuat penggunanya tidak nyaman. Oleh karena itu,
dilakukan penelitian memanfaatkan material kulit sintetis dengan filler timbal,
diharapkan mendapatkan bahan apron proteksi radiasi yang aman dan nyaman.
Penelitian ini menggunakan dua macam variasi yaitu variasi kadar timbal
(II) klorida (PbCl2) dengan variasi 60 pphr, 80 pphr, 100 pphr dan 120 pphr.
Variasi yang kedua adalah kadar ADCM (Azodikarbonamide) dengan variasi 0
pphr, 3 pphr, 6 pphr dan 9 pphr. Metode pembuatan campuran sintetis terdiri dari
3 tahap yakni pencampuran bahan-bahan, pencetakan lembaran kulit sintetis dan
pemanasan lembaran kulit sintetis dengan suhu 1400C selama 4 menit.
Pengujian bahan meliputi uji koefisien atenuasi dengan sumber Cs-137 (E
= 662 keV), serta uji tarik dan kemuluran yang sesuai dengan standar SNI 12942009 tentang kulit imitasi. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, nilai koefisien atenuasi
terbaik adalah bahan dengan kadar PbCl2 120 pphr dan ADCM 0 pphr, yakni
sebesar 0,0825 mm-1 dengan ketebalan 0,83 mm sampel ini daya serapnya setara
dengan pelat timbal murni 0,5 mm yang sesuai standar apron proteksi radiasi.
Hasil uji fisik terhadap material berdasar standar SNI 1294-2009 mempunyai nilai
kuat tarik lebih besar dari 500 N dan nilai kemuluran 15%, yang telah memenuhi
standar minimum kuat tarik dan kemuluran.
Kata kunci : apron radiasi, PbCl2, ADCM, koefisien atenuasi, kulit sintetis
Pembimbing Utama
Pembimbing Pendamping

: Widya Rosita, S.T., M.T.

: Ihda Novia Indrajati, S.T., M.T.

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FABRICATION OF SYNTHETIC LEATHER WITH FILLER LEAD (II)

CHLORIDE (PbCl2) AS APRON MATERIAL OF RADIATION
PROTECTION IN RADIOLOGY UNIT
by
Faiz Asyifaa Mohtar
10/301041/TK/36774
Submitted to the Department of Engineering Physics
Faculty of Engineering Universitas Gadjah Mada on October 14, 2014
in partial fulfillment of the Degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Nuclear Engineering
ABSTRACT
In organization of a hospital, there is a radiology unit that handles
radiodiagnostics activities, radiotheraphy, and nuclear medicine. The hospital
workers who work with radiation are at risk of receiving the amount of radiation
exposure which is higher than received the patients. In accordance with ALARA
(As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle, radiation protection apron is
needed as a radiation absorber. The current apron is made of lead plate and has
many shortcomings such as heavy, rigid, and easily bent which makes the user
feel uncomfortable. Therefore, the research was conducted to utilize synthetic
leather material with lead filler, which is expected to get material of radiation
protection apron that is safe and comfortable.
This research used two kind of variations. The first variation was the content
of Lead (II) Chloride (PbCl2) with variation of 60 pphr, 80 pphr, 100 pphr and 120
pphr. The second variation was the content of ACDM (Azodikarbonamide) with
variation of 0 pphr, 3 pphr, 6 pphr, and 9 pphr. The method of making synthetic
mixture consists of 3 phases which were mixing the materials, printing the sheets
of synthetic leather, and heating the sheets of synthetic leather at 1400C for 4
minutes.
The material testing included the test of attenuation coefficients with the
source Cs-137 (E = 662 keV), along with tensile and elongation test which was
in accordance with the SNI 1294-2009 standard about imitation leather. Based on
the test result, the best attenuation coefficient value was material with content of
PbCl2 120 pphr and ADCM 0 pphr which amounted to 0.0825 mm-1 of linear
attenuation coefficient and with a thickness of 0.83 mm. The absorbance of this
sample was equivalent to 0.5 mm pure lead plates which was in accordance with
the standard of radiation protection apron. The result of physical test in material
which was in accordance with the SNI 1294-2009 standard had the bigger tensile
strength value than 500 N and had elongation value of 15%, which has been
fulfilled the minimum standard for tensile strength and elongation.
Keywords: PbCl2, ADCM, attenuation coefficient, synthetic leather
Supervisor
: Widya Rosita, S.T., M.T.
Co-supervisor
: Ihda Novia Indrajati, S.T., M.T.

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