Manifestasi Klinis Tuberkulosis ( TBC )

Gejala penyakit TBC dapat dibagi menjadi gejala umum dan gejala khusus yang timbul sesuai dengan
organ yang terlibat. Gambaran secara klinis tidak terlalu khas terutama pada kasus baru, sehingga cukup
sulit untuk menegakkan diagnosa secara klinik.
Gejala sistemik/umum, antara lain sebagai berikut:

Gejala umum Tb paru adalah batuk lebih dari 4 minggu dengan atau tanpa sputum , malaise , gejala
flu , demam ringan , nyeri dada , batuk darah . ( Mansjoer , 1999)

Gejala lain yaitu kelelahan, anorexia, penurunan Berat badan ( Luckman dkk, 93 )

Gejala khusus, antara lain sebagai berikut:

Tergantung dari organ tubuh mana yang terkena, bila terjadi sumbatan sebagian bronkus (saluran
yang menuju ke paru-paru) akibat penekanan kelenjar getah bening yang membesar, akan
menimbulkan suara mengi, suara nafas melemah yang disertai sesak.

Kalau ada cairan dirongga pleura (pembungkus paru-paru), dapat disertai dengan keluhan sakit
dada.

Bila mengenai tulang, maka akan terjadi gejala seperti infeksi tulang yang pada suatu saat dapat
membentuk saluran dan bermuara pada kulit di atasnya, pada muara ini akan keluar cairan nanah.

Pada anak-anak dapat mengenai otak (lapisan pembungkus otak) dan disebut sebagai meningitis
(radang selaput otak), gejalanya adalah demam tinggi, adanya penurunan kesadaran dan kejangkejang.

Komplikasi Tuberkulosis ( TBC )

Menurut Depkes RI (2002), merupakan komplikasi yang dapat terjadi pada penderita
tuberculosis paru stadium lanjut yaitu :
Hemoptisis berat (perdarahan dari saluran napas bawah) yang dapat mengakibatkan
kematian karena syok hipovolemik atau karena tersumbatnya jalan napas.
Atelektasis (paru mengembang kurang sempurna) atau kolaps dari lobus akibat
retraksi bronchial.
Bronkiektasis (pelebaran broncus setempat) dan fibrosis (pembentukan jaringan ikat
pada proses pemulihan atau reaktif) pada paru.
Penyebaran infeksi ke organ lain seperti otak, tulang, persendian, dan ginjal.

Clinical Manifestations of Tuberculosis (TB)

Symptoms of TB disease can be divided into general symptoms and specific symptoms
that arise according to the organ involved. Clinical picture is not very typical, especially
in new cases, so it is quite difficult to diagnose clinically.
Symptoms of systemic / general, are as follows:
1.A common symptom of pulmonary TB is more than 4 weeks cough with or without
sputum, malaise, flu-like symptoms, mild fever, chest pain, coughing up blood.
(Mansjoer, 1999)
2. Other symptoms are fatigue, anorexia, decreased weight (Luckman et al, 93)
Specific symptoms include the following:
3. Depending on which organs are affected, in case of partial bronchial obstruction (the
tube leading to the lungs) due to suppression of enlarged lymph nodes, make noise
"wheezing" sound accompanied by shortness of breath weakened.
4. If there is fluid in the pleural cavity (lungs wrappers), may be accompanied by chest
pains.
5. When the bone, there will be symptoms such as bone infection at some point to form
a channel and lead to the overlying skin, in the mouth it will discharge pus.
6. In children can about the brain (brain wrapper layer) and is referred to as meningitis
(inflammation of the lining of the brain), the symptoms are high fever, a decrease of
consciousness and seizures.
Complications of Tuberculosis (TB)
is a complication that can occur in patients with locally advanced lung tuberculosis are:
1. severe hemoptysis (bleeding from the lower respiratory tract) that may result in death
due to hypovolemic shock or due to blockage of the airway.
2.atelectasis (lung expands less than perfect) or the collapse of the lobe due to bronchial
retraction.
3.Bronchiectasis (widening local broncus) and fibrosis (the formation of connective
tissue in the recovery process or reactive) in the lungs.
4.The spread of infection to other organs such as the brain, bones, joints, and kidneys.

Clinical Manifestations of Tuberculosis (TB)

Symptoms of TB disease can be divided into general symptoms and specific
symptoms that arise according to the organ involved. Clinical picture is not very
typical,especially in new cases, so it is quite difficult to diagnose clinically.
Symptoms of systemic / general, are as follows :
1.A common symptom of pulmonary TB is more than 4 weeks cough with or without
sputum, malaise, flu-like symptoms, mild fever, chest pain, coughing up blood.
(Mansjoer, 1999)
2. Other symptoms are fatigue, anorexia, decreased weight (Luckman et al, 93)
Specific symptoms include the following:
1. Depending on which organs are affected, in case of partial bronchial obstruction
(the tube leading to the lungs) due to suppression of enlarged lymph nodes, make noise
"wheezing" sound accompanied by shortness of breath weakened.
2. If there is fluid in the pleural cavity (lungs wrappers), may be accompanied by chest
pains.
3. When the bone, there will be symptoms such as bone infection at some point to form
a channel and lead to the overlying skin, in the mouth it will discharge pus.
4. In children can about the brain (brain wrapper layer) and is referred to as meningitis
(inflammation of the lining of the brain), the symptoms are high fever, a decrease of
consciousness and seizures.

Complications of Tuberculosis (TB)

Complications of Tuberculosis is a complication that can occur in patients with
locally advanced lung tuberculosis are :
1. severe hemoptysis (bleeding from the lower respiratory tract) that may result in death
due to hypovolemic shock or due to blockage of the airway.
2.atelectasis (lung expands less than perfect) or the collapse of the lobe due to bronchial
retraction.
3.Bronchiectasis (widening local broncus) and fibrosis (the formation of connective
tissue in the recovery process or reactive) in the lungs.

4.The spread of infection to other organs such as the brain, bones, joints, and kidneys.