DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL.................................................................................................................i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN....................................................................................................ii
ABSTRAK...............................................................................................................................iii
KATA PENGANTAR..............................................................................................................iv
DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................................................vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR...............................................................................................................ix
DAFTAR TABEL....................................................................................................................xi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN..........................................................................................................xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN.........................................................................................................1
1.1

Latar Belakang...........................................................................................................2

1.2

Perumusan Masalah...................................................................................................2

1.3

Batasan Masalah.........................................................................................................2

1.4

Tujuan.........................................................................................................................2

1.5

Manfaat......................................................................................................................3

1.6

Sistematika Penulisan.................................................................................................3

BAB II DASAR TEORI...........................................................................................................4

2.1

Cahaya........................................................................................................................4

2.1.1

Pengertian Cahaya................................................................................................4

2.1.2

Sifat Gelombang Cahaya......................................................................................4

2.2

Sumber Cahaya..........................................................................................................6

2.2.1

Pencahayaan Alami..............................................................................................6

2.2.2

Pencahayaan Buatan.............................................................................................7

2.3

Pencahayaan Bidang Kerja........................................................................................9

2.4

Warna Cahaya dan Refleksi Warna............................................................................9

2.5

Tingkat Pencahayaan yang Merata (Uniformity Of Iluminance)............................11

2.6

Jenis-Jenis Lampu Listrik........................................................................................12

2.6.1

Lampu Pijar........................................................................................................12

2.6.2

Lampu Fluorescent.............................................................................................13

2.6.3

Lampu Hemat Energi (LHE)..............................................................................14

2.6.4

Lampu LED........................................................................................................15

2.7

Kondisi dan Iklim Ruangan.....................................................................................16

2.8

Satuan-Satuan Teknik Pencahayaan.........................................................................17

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2.8.1

Intensitas Cahaya (I)..........................................................................................17

2.8.2

Flux Cahaya ().................................................................................................17

2.8.3

Iluminasi (Iluminanace).....................................................................................17

2.8.4

Sudut Ruangan (Steradian)................................................................................18

2.8.5

Luminasi (Luminance).......................................................................................18

2.8.6

Efikasi................................................................................................................19

2.8.7

Hubungan Antara Satuan-Satuan Teknik Penerangan........................................19

2.9

Hubungan Tingkat Pencahayaan Dengan Angka Reflektansi..................................20

2.10

Perhitungan pencahayaan rata-rata (Erata-rata).............................................................22

2.11

Software Dialux.......................................................................................................25

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN............................................................................31

3.1

Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian...................................................................................31

3.2

Instrumen Penelitian.................................................................................................31

3.3

Metodologi Penelitian..............................................................................................32

3.3.1

Persyaratan Pengukuran Intensitas Cahaya........................................................32

3.3.2

Diagram Penelitian.............................................................................................33

3.4

Pengumpulan Data...................................................................................................34

3.5

Data Pengkuran........................................................................................................36

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN......................................................42

4.1

Gambaran Umum Penelitian....................................................................................42

4.1

Analisa Intensitas Pencahayaan...............................................................................42

4.2.1

Analisa Tingkat Pencahayaan Rata-rata (Erata-rata)...............................................43

4.2.2

Perbandingan Hasil Pengukuran Intensitas Penerangan dengan Simulasi.........44

4.3

Analisa Kuat Pencahayaan Minimum (Emin)............................................................46

4.4

Analisa Angka Reflektansi ( Nilai Rata-rata Reflektansi).......................................47

4.5
Besar Nilai Daya Semua Armatur Untuk Tingkat Pencahayaan Terpasang Pada
Bidang Kerja........................................................................................................................56
4.6

Analisa Pencahayaan Terpasang Menggunakan Simulasi Software DIALux..........57

4.6.1

Simulasi Ruang Auditorium Pukul 19:00 (Ukur)..............................................57

4.6.2

Solusi Pemenuhan Standar SNI Pukul 19:00.....................................................62

4.6.3

Simulasi Pemenuhan Standar SNI Pukul 19:00 ................................................63

4.7

Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian...................................................................................67

4.7.1

Analisa Tingkat Pencahayaan Rata-rata (Erata-rata)...............................................67

4.7.2

Analisa Kuat Pencahayaan Minimum (Emin)......................................................68

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4.7.3

Analisa Angka Reflektansi.................................................................................69

4.7.4
Besar Nilai Daya Semua Armatur Untuk Tingkat Pencahayaan Terpasang Pada
Bidang Kerja....................................................................................................................70
4.7.5

Perbandingan Hasil Pengukuran dengan Simulasi Solusi SNI.........................70

BAB V PENUTUP..................................................................................................................73
5.1

Kesimpulan..............................................................................................................73

5.2

Saran.........................................................................................................................74

DAFTAR PUSTAKA..............................................................................................................75
LAMPIRAN............................................................................................................................76

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Kelompok Gelombang Elektromagnetik................................................................4
Gambar 2.2 Warna-Warna Spektrum.........................................................................................5
Gambar 2.3 Grafik Kepekaan Mata...........................................................................................6
Gambar 2.4 Lampu Pijar..........................................................................................................13
Gambar 2.5 Lampu TL dengan fitting ulir yang biasa dipakai untuk lampu bohlam biasa.....14
Gambar 2.6 Lampu TL dengan fitting khusus untuk lampu TL yang panjang........................14
Gambar 2.7 Lampu Hemat Energi...........................................................................................15
Gambar 2.8 Lampu LED..........................................................................................................16
Gambar 2.9 Lampu Pijar..........................................................................................................17
Gambar 2.10 Flux Cahaya........................................................................................................17
Gambar 2.11 Radian.................................................................................................................18
Gambar 2.12 Steradian.............................................................................................................18
Gambar 2.13 Grafik Penurunan Kualitas Kuat Cahaya Akibat LLD.......................................21
Gambar 2.14 Refleksi Spekular dan Refleksi Diffus................................................................24
Gambar 2.15 Tampilan Antar Muka/Welcome DIALux..........................................................26
Gambar 2.16 Tampilan Awal Software.....................................................................................26
Gambar 2.17 Import File DWG atau 3D File..........................................................................27
Gambar 2.18 Input Workplane atau Bidang Kerja...................................................................27
Gambar 2.19 Tab Material Untuk Lantai ................................................................................28
Gambar 2.20 Tab Material Untuk Ceiling................................................................................28
Gambar 2.21 Database Philips Luminaire...............................................................................29
Gambar 2.22 Tab Untuk Menentukan Jumlah Lampu, Posisi Lampu dan Lux Referensi.......29
Gambar 2.23 Tab Hasil Kalkulasi dan Simulasi......................................................................30
Gambar 3.1 Tampak Depan Auditorium Politeknik Negeri Kupang.......................................31
Gambar 3.2 Alat Ukur Lux Meter............................................................................................37
Gambar 3.3 Flowchart Sistem..................................................................................................33
Gambar 3.4 Pengukuran Menggunakan Lux Meter.................................................................37
Gambar 3.5 Pengukuran di Lantai I Auditorium......................................................................38
Gambar 3.6 Pengukuran di Lantai II Tribun Kiri Auditorium.................................................38
Gambar 3.7 Pengukuran di Lantai II Tribun Kanan Auditorium.............................................39
Gambar 3.8 Pengukuran di Lantai II Tribun Belakang Auditorium.........................................39
Gambar 4.1 Dimensi Dan Blok Ruangan Auditorium.............................................................58
Gambar 4.2 Tampak 3 Dimensi Ruangan Auditorium.............................................................58
Gambar 4.3 Pemasangan Luminaire........................................................................................59
Gambar 4.4 Menentukan Titik Pengukuran.............................................................................59
Gambar 4.5 Hasil Simulasi Ruang Auditorium Pukul 19:00 (Ukur).......................................60
Gambar 4.6 False Color Rendering Auditorium Pukul 19:00 (Ukur).....................................60
Gambar 4.7 Summary Quality in Lux Auditorium Pukul 19:00 (Ukur)...................................61
Gambar 4.8 Dimensi Ruangan Auditorium pukul 19:00 (SNI)...............................................64
Gambar 4.9 Tata Letak Lampu Ruang Auditorium pukul 19:00 (SNI)...................................64
Gambar 4.10 Hasil Simulasi Ruang Auditorium Pukul 19:00 (SNI).......................................65
Gambar 4.11 False Color Rendering Auditorium Pukul 19:00 (SNI).....................................65
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Gambar 4.12 Summary Quality in Lux Auditorium Pukul 19:00 (SNI)...................................66

Gambar 4.12 Perbandingan Hasil Pengukuran Intensitas Cahaya Terhadap simulasi (SNI)...66

DAFTAR T
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Tabel 2.1 Panjang Gelombang Lampu Pijar...............................................................................5

Tabel 2.2 Tampak Warna Terhadap Temperatur.......................................................................10
YTabel 2.3 Pengelompokan Renderasi Warna.........................................................................10
YTabel 2.4 Nilai Ra dan Temperature Warna Lampu..............................................................11
YTabel 2.5 Daftar Efikasi Lampu............................................................................................19
Tabel 2.6 Tingkat Pencahayaan Yang Direkomendasikan........................................................24
Tabel 3.1 Spesifikasi Ruangan.................................................................................................34
Tabel 3.2 Data Teknis Lampu...................................................................................................35
Tabel 3.3 Spesifikasi Lampu....................................................................................................36
Tabel 3.4 Nilai Pengukuran Intensitas Pertitik Pada Auditorium Pukul 09:00........................40
Tabel 3.5 Nilai Pengukuran Intensitas Pertitik Pada Auditorium Pukul 12:00........................40
Tabel 3.6 Nilai Pengukuran Intensitas Pertitik Pada Auditorium Pukul 16:00........................41
Tabel 3.7 Nilai Pengukuran Intensitas Pertitik Pada Auditorium Pukul 19:00........................41
Tabel 4.1 Pengukuran dengan Simulasi DIALux.....................................................................44
Tabel 4.2 Perbandingan Pengukuran dengan Standar (SNI)....................................................45
Tabel 4.3 Perbandingan Simulasi dengan Standar (SNI).........................................................45
Tabel 4.4 Analisa Kuat Pemerataan Pencahayaan Minimum...................................................47
Tabel 4.5 Nilai Reflektansi Total Pada Tiap Bidang Pada Pukul 09:00...................................53
Tabel 4.6 Nilai Reflektansi Total Pada Tiap Bidang Pada Pukul 12:00...................................54
Tabel 4.7 Nilai Reflektansi Total Pada Tiap Bidang Pada Pukul 16:00...................................54
Tabel 4.8 Nilai Reflektansi Total Pada Tiap Bidang Pada Pukul 19:00...................................55
Tabel 4.9 Perbandingan Nilai Rata-rata Reflektansi Dinding..................................................55
Tabel 4.10 Daya Lampu...........................................................................................................56
Tabel 4.11 Daya Total Semua Armatur....................................................................................57
Tabel 4.12 Perbandingan Nilai Intensitas Rata-rata Pencahayaan...........................................61
Tabel 4.13 Nilai Reflektansi Total Pada Tiap Dinding Pada Pukul 19:00 ..............................62
Tabel 4.14 Tabel Perbandingan Perhitungan, Software dengan SNI pukul 19:00...................66
Tabel 4.15 Perbandingan Erata-rata Dengan Solusi Ruang Auditorium Pukul 19:00................68
Tabel 4.16 Perbandingan Hasil Pengukuran Intensitas Cahaya Terhadap Solusi SNI ............70

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
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Lampiran I . Rumah Lampu/Luminaire, Lampu dan Spesifikasi Lampu

Lampiran II. Dimensi Ruangan Auditorium
Lampiran III. Lay Out Tata Letak Lampu dan Titik Pengukuran
Lampiran IV. Pengukuran Intensitas Cahaya
Lampiran V. Analisis Erata-rata dan Reflektansi
Lampiran VI. Simulasi Erata-Rata Pada Auditorium Politeknik
Lampiran VII. Koefisien pegunaan dan koefisien depresi
Lampiran VIII. Ruang Auditorium Lantai I, II dan Tata letak lampu

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