@ Copyright 2009 By Dr.-Ing.Ir. Rudi Rubiandini R.S.

, ITB

DAFTAR ISI
BAB. I Rig Sizing and Selection
1. Pendahuluan..........................................................................................................................2
1.1. Hookload.......................................................................................................................2
1.2. Drawwork......................................................................................................................2

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@ Copyright 2009 By Dr.-Ing.Ir. Rudi Rubiandini R.S., ITB

BAB. II Perkiraan Biaya Pemboran

2.1. Jenis dan ukuran sumur .....................................................................................................6
2.2. Parameter yang berpengaruh pada biaya Pemboran .........................................................6
2.2.1. Posisi sumur yang akan dibuat................................................................................6
2.2.2. Biaya peralatan, bahan dan rig cost operation........................................................6
2.2.3. Proses uji sumur yang dilakukan............................................................................7
2.2.4. Transportasi.............................................................................................................7
2.2.5. Work Over...............................................................................................................7
2.2.6. Lain - lain................................................................................................................7
2.3. Metoda Cost Per Foot .......................................................................................................7

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@ Copyright 2009 By Dr.-Ing.Ir. Rudi Rubiandini R.S., ITB

BAB. III Asal Mula Tekanan Abnormal

3.1. Pendahuluan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 36

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@ Copyright 2009 By Dr.-Ing.Ir. Rudi Rubiandini R.S., ITB

BAB. IV Teknik Deteksi Tekanan Formasi

4.1. Pendahuluan
..................................................................................................................................................
52
4.2. Perkiraan Tekanan Formasi Berdasarkan Data-Data Acoustic Log
..................................................................................................................................................
55
4.2.1 Metoda Hottman dan Johnson
..........................................................................................................................................
55
4.2.2 Metoda Ham
..........................................................................................................................................
56
4.3. Penentuan Tekanan Formasi Berdasarkan Data-Data Resistivity Log
..................................................................................................................................................
57
4.3.1 Metoda Hottman dan Johnson
..........................................................................................................................................
57
4.3.2 Metoda Ham
..........................................................................................................................................
59
4.4. Penentuan Tekanan Formasi Berdasarkan Density Log
..................................................................................................................................................
59
4.5. Latihan
..................................................................................................................................................
62
4.5.1 Shale Acoustic Travel Time
..........................................................................................................................................
62
4.5.2 Resistivity Log
..........................................................................................................................................
63
4.5.3 Density Log
..........................................................................................................................................
64

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@ Copyright 2009 By Dr.-Ing.Ir. Rudi Rubiandini R.S., ITB

BAB.V Well Kick Dan Pressure Control

5.1. Pendahuluan
..................................................................................................................................................
68
5.2 Tekanan Formasi
..................................................................................................................................................
69
5.2.1 Tekanan
..........................................................................................................................................
69
5.2.2 Tekanan Overburden
..........................................................................................................................................
70
5.2.3 Tekanan Formasi Normal
..........................................................................................................................................
71
5.2.4 Tekanan Rekah
..........................................................................................................................................
71
5.2.5 Tekanan Formasi Abnormal
..........................................................................................................................................
75
5.2.6 Tekanan Formasi Subnormal
..........................................................................................................................................
76
5.3. Sebab-sebab Terjadinya Well-kick
..................................................................................................................................................
78
5.3.1 Berat Jenis Lumpur Yang Tidak Memadai
..........................................................................................................................................
78
5.3.2 Kurangnya Tinggi Lumpur
..........................................................................................................................................
78
5.3.3 Kehilangan Sirkulasi
..........................................................................................................................................
78

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@ Copyright 2009 By Dr.-Ing.Ir. Rudi Rubiandini R.S., ITB

5.3.4 Kandungan Gas Dalam Lumpur

..........................................................................................................................................
78
5.3.5 Akibat Aksi Penghisap
..........................................................................................................................................
78
5.4. Tanda-tanda Terjadinya Well-kick
..................................................................................................................................................
79
5.5. Kondisi Tekanan Pada Sistem Saat Terjadinya Well Kick & Saat Penanggulangannya
..................................................................................................................................................
88
5.5.1 Tekanan Operasi Normal
..........................................................................................................................................
88
5.5.2 Tekanan Operasi Ketika Ada Kick
..........................................................................................................................................
90
5.5.3 Tekanan Operasi Penanggulangan
..........................................................................................................................................
91
5.6. Metoda Penanggulangan
..................................................................................................................................................
94
5.6.1 Metoda Driller
..........................................................................................................................................
94
5.6.2 Metoda Batch........................................................................................................100
5.6.3 Metoda Concurrent................................................................................................104
5.6.4 Metoda Volumetric................................................................................................108
5.7. Analisa Well Control.......................................................................................................113
5.7.1 Menentukan Volume Annular serta waktu Pemompaan untuk
mengeluarkan Kick.........................................................................................................113
5.8. Contoh Soal.....................................................................................................................115

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@ Copyright 2009 By Dr.-Ing.Ir. Rudi Rubiandini R.S., ITB

BAB.VI Well Control : C a s e P r o b l e m

6.1. CASE PROBLEM 1.......................................................................................................124
6.2 CASE PROBLEM 2 : METODA DRILLER...................................................................130
6.3. CASE PROBLEM 3 : METODA CONCURRENT.......................................................138

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@ Copyright 2009 By Dr.-Ing.Ir. Rudi Rubiandini R.S., ITB

BAB.VII Hole Geometry Selection

7.1. Pendahuluan....................................................................................................................146
7.2 Langkah-langkah Desain Secara Umum..........................................................................146
7.2.1 Pendekatan Bottom to Top......................................................................................146
7.2.2 Ukuran Flow String.................................................................................................146
7.2.3 Perencanaan Dalam Mengatasi Problem................................................................147
7.3. Problem Pemilihan ukuran..............................................................................................147
7.3.1 Desain Casing.........................................................................................................147
7.3.2 Annulus Casing Lubang..........................................................................................148
7.3.3 Annulus Drillstring Lubang....................................................................................149
7.3.4 Underreaming.........................................................................................................150
7.4. Pemilihan Ukuran Casing Dan Bit..................................................................................150
7.4.1 Pemilihan Pipa........................................................................................................150
7.4.2 Pemilihan Coupling................................................................................................151
7.4.3 Pemilihan Ukuran Bit.............................................................................................151
7.5. Standar Kombinasi Bit-Casing.......................................................................................151

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Daftar Isi

@ Copyright 2009 By Dr.-Ing.Ir. Rudi Rubiandini R.S., ITB

BAB.VIII Casing Setting Depth Selection

8.1. Pendahuluan ...................................................................................................................158
8.2 Tipe Casing dan Tubing...................................................................................................158
8.2.1 Drive Pipe atau Conductor Casing........................................................................159
8.2.2 Structural Casing...................................................................................................161
8.2.3 Surface Casing.......................................................................................................161
8.2.4 Intermediate Casing...............................................................................................162
8.2.5 Production Casing.................................................................................................162
8.2.6 Liner......................................................................................................................162
8.2.7 Tie-back String......................................................................................................162
8.3. Beberapa Masalah Setting Depth Casing........................................................................163
8.4. Kriteria Perencanaan Setting Depth Casing....................................................................163
8.5. Penentuan Tekanan Formasi dan Gradien Rekah...........................................................164
8.5.1 Deteksi Tekanan Pori Formasi...............................................................................164
8.5.2 Gradien Rekah.......................................................................................................167
8.5.3 Proyeksi Tekanan Formasi dan Gradien Rekah.....................................................173
8.6. Prosedur Perencanaan Setting Depth..............................................................................175
8.6.1 Surface Casing.......................................................................................................175
8.6.2 Intermediate Casing...............................................................................................176
8.6.3 Production Casing.................................................................................................178
8.6.4 Liner......................................................................................................................179

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@ Copyright 2009 By Dr.-Ing.Ir. Rudi Rubiandini R.S., ITB

BAB.IX Casing Design

9.1. Metoda Maximum Load Casing Design.........................................................................186
9.1.1 Perhitungan Desain Casing...................................................................................186
9.1.1.1 Surface Casing...........................................................................................186
9.1.1.2 Intermediate Casing...................................................................................189
9.1.1.3 Production Casing.....................................................................................193
9.1.1.4 Beban Tension...........................................................................................197
9.1.1.5 Deviasi Lubang..........................................................................................199
9.1.1.6 Beban Biaksial...........................................................................................199
9.2. Metoda Minimum Set Casing Design.............................................................................202
9.2.1 Tekanan Burst........................................................................................................203
9.2.1.1 Kondisi tekanan pada saat terjadi well-kick..............................................203
9.2.1.2 Surface Casing...........................................................................................204
9.2.1.3 Intermediate Casing...................................................................................206
9.2.1.4 Production casing......................................................................................208
9.2.2 Tekanan Collapse...................................................................................................209
9.2.2.1 Surface casing............................................................................................210
9.2.2.2 Intermediate Casing...................................................................................211
9.2.2.3 Production casing......................................................................................212
9.2.3 Beban Tension.......................................................................................................213
9.2.4 Beban Biaksial.......................................................................................................215
9.3. Contoh Soal.....................................................................................................................213
9.3.1 Perencanaan Surface Casing.................................................................................216
9.3.2 Perencanaan Intermediate Casing.........................................................................217
9.3.3 Perencanaan Production Casing............................................................................217

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@ Copyright 2009 By Dr.-Ing.Ir. Rudi Rubiandini R.S., ITB

BAB.X Casing Design Parameter

10.1. Pendahuluan .................................................................................................................242
10.2 Fungsi Casing.................................................................................................................243
10.3. Klasifikasi Casing.........................................................................................................245
10.3.1 Conductor Casing...............................................................................................245
10.3.2 Surface Casing...................................................................................................246
10.3.3 Protective/Intermediate Casing..........................................................................246
10.3.4 Production Casing..............................................................................................246
10.3.5 Liner...................................................................................................................246
10.4. Berat Casing dan Grade Casing....................................................................................247
10.4.1 Berat Casing.......................................................................................................247
10.4.2 Grade Casing......................................................................................................248
10.4.3 Sambungan Casing.............................................................................................249
10.5. Casing Burst Resistance................................................................................................252
10.6. Casing Collapse Resistance..........................................................................................252
10.6.1 Yield Collapse....................................................................................................254
10.6.2 Plastic Collapse..................................................................................................255
10.6.3 Transition Collapse............................................................................................256
10.6.4 Elastic Collapse..................................................................................................256
10.7. Pembebanan Yang Terjadi Pada Casing........................................................................257
10.7.1 Tekanan Burst....................................................................................................257
10.7.2 Tekanan Collapse...............................................................................................258
10.7.3 Beban Tension....................................................................................................259
10.7.4 Beban Biaksial...................................................................................................260

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@ Copyright 2009 By Dr.-Ing.Ir. Rudi Rubiandini R.S., ITB

BAB.XI Prinsip Directional Drilling

11.1. Pendahuluan .................................................................................................................268
11.2 Tipe Pemboran Berarah..................................................................................................272
11.2.1 Tipe belok di tempat dangkal (Shallow Deviation Type)...................................272
11.2.2 Tipe belok di tempat dalam (Deep Deviation Type)..........................................272
11.2.3 Tipe kembali ke vertikal (Return to Vertikal Type)............................................273
11.3. Kemiringan Lubang Bor...............................................................................................273
11.3.1 Alat-Alat Pembuat Sudut (Deflection Tool).......................................................274
11.4. Pengarahan Lubang Bor................................................................................................281
11.4.1 Metoda Pengarahan............................................................................................281
11.4.2 Alat-Alat Survey................................................................................................283
11.4.3 Efek Kemagnetan Bumi Terhadap Pengukuran dengan Alat- Alat Survey........285
11.5. Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kemiringan dan Arah Lubang Bor .....................286
11.5.1 Faktor Formasi...................................................................................................286
11.5.2 Faktor Mekanis..................................................................................................288
11.6. Pengontrolan Terhadap Penyimpangan.........................................................................288
11.6.1 Penggunaan Drill Collar Dengan Stabilizer.......................................................290
11.7. Penggunaan Bottom Hole Assembly.............................................................................292
11.7.1 Vertical Hole Assembly......................................................................................292
11.7.2 Build Up Assembly............................................................................................293
11.7.3 Drop off Assembly.............................................................................................294
11.7.4 Tangent Assembly..............................................................................................295
11.8. Metoda Analisa Pemboran Berarah...............................................................................296
11.8.1 Metoda-Metoda Perencanaan Pemboran Terarah..............................................297
11.8.1.1 Perencanaan Dengan Metoda Tangensial............................................297
11.8.1.2 Perencanaan Dengan Metoda Radius Of Curvature...........................299
11.8.1.3 Perencanaan X-Y Trajectory...............................................................308
11.9. Metoda-Metoda Perhitungan Hasil Survey Pemboran Berarah....................................311
11.9.1 Metoda Tangential..............................................................................................311
11.9.2 Metoda Balanced Tangential..............................................................................312
11.9.3 Metoda Angle Averaging....................................................................................313
11.9.4 Metoda Radius of Curvature..............................................................................314
11.9.5 Metoda Minimum of Curvature.........................................................................315

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11.9.6 Metoda Mercury.................................................................................................316

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