Crane
Crane
BAB III
PEMBAHASAN
3.1 Diagram Aliran Perancangan Gantry Crane
START
Menentukan dimensi
H-Beam pada girder
A
Tidak Aman
(SF <1)
Tidak aman
(SF<1)
Aman (SF>1)
Menentukan bentuk dan dimensi kaki crane
Ditentukan bentuk
Tidak aman
(SF<1)
10000 N
2500 N
2500 N
2500 N
2500 N
5000 N
Webb
Flens
Bahan ST-37
Momen Inersia :
= 370
N
mm2
= 220
N
mm2
Iyy=2,39 x 10 6 mm 4
= 110
N
2
mm
A=3000 mm 2
Izz=8,39 x 10 mm
N
mm2
E = 210000
W =23,6
kg
m
5000 N
5000 N
5000 N
62,5 mm
DBB
5000 N
MA
R Ay
+ Fy = 0
RAy 5000 = 0
+ MA = 0
MA 5000 . 62,5
RAy = 5000 N
MA = 312500 Nmm
312500 Nmm
M
5000 N
+ Fy = 0
+ Mx = 0
5000 V = 0
312500 + M 5000 . X = 0
V = 5000 N
M = (5000 . X) 312500
x=0
M = 312500 Nmm
x = 62,5 mm
(+)
0
62,5
X (mm)
M = 0 Nmm
62,5
()
312500
M (Nmm)
M.
t1
2
t1
L .t 13
M .C
max =
=
; C= , I zz =
3
I zz
2
12
L .t 1
12
312500 .
max =
2500 . 9
12
max =9,26
9
2
3
N
2
mm
X (mm)
3 5000
max = .
2 2500 .9
max =0,33
N
mm2
x y 2
max = (
) + xy2 ; y =0
2
0,33
9,26 2
+
2
max=
( )
max =4,65
N
mm2
Bahan ST-37 ,
SF=
yield
max
SF=
110
4,64
= 110
N
mm2
, E = 210000
SF=23,69
y maks=
P . L3
3. E . I zz
P . L3
y maks=
L. t 13
3. E .
12
y maks=
5000 N .( 62,5mm)
)[
( 2500 mm ) . ( 9 mm )3
N
3. 210000
.
12
mm2
N
mm2
y maks=0,012 mm
0,15
m
1,25 m
5000
q = 253,7
N/m
5000
DBB Benda 1
5000
5000
MA
MB
RAy
RBy
DBB Benda 2
q = 253,7
N/m
MMa
A
MB
RAy
RBy
R Ay 1=
P. 1,252 (
. [ 3 . 1,25 )+ 1,25]
2,53
R Ay 1=
10000 .1,56
.(5)
15,625
R Ay 1=5000 N
R Ay 1=R By1=5000 N
+ MA = 0
M A 1=
P. 1,25 .1,25 2
2,52
M A 1=
M A 1=3125 Nm
M A 1=Mb1
M B 1=3125 Nm
R Ay 2=
Q q.L
=
2
2
R Ay 2=
253,7.2,5
=317,125 N
2
R Ay 2=Rby 2=317,125 N
+ MA = 0
M A 2=
q . L2
12
M A 2=
253,7 .2,5 2
=132,13 Nm
12
M A 2=M B 2
M A 2=132,13 Nm
RAy = RBy
RBy = 5317,125 N
MA = MA1 + MA2
MA = 3125 + 132,13
MA = 3257,13 Nm
MA = MB
MB = 3257,13 Nm
DBB potongan 1 (0 < X 1,175 m
Q = q.L
3257,13 Nm
q = 253,7
M N/m
Q = q . x
Q
Q = 253,7 . x
5317,125 N
X/2
X
+ Fy = 0
5317,25 Q V = 0
V = 5317,125 (253,7 . x)
x=0
V = 5317,125 N
x = 1,175 m
V = 5019,02 N
+ Mx = 0
M + 325,13 + (Q.
X
2 ) 5317,25 . x = 0
M = 5317,125 . x (q . x .
X
2 ) 3257,13
M = 5317,125 . x (253,7 .
x2
2 ) 3257,13
x 2 ) 3257,13
M = (5317,125 . x) (126,85 .
x = 0 M = 3257,13 Nm
x = 0,58 m M = 215,86 Nm
x = 1,175 m M = 2815,35 Nm
DBB Potongan 2 (1,175 m < X 1,325 m)
q = 253,7 N/m
5000 N
3257,13 Nm
q = 253,7 N/m
Q
V
5317,125 N
Q = 253,7 . L
Q= 253,7 . x
X/2
1,175 m
X
+ Fy = 0
5317,25 Q V 5000 = 0
V = 5317,125 q . x 5000
V = 317,125 (253,7 . x)
x = 1,175 m V = 19,027 N
x = 1,325 m V = 19,027 N
+ Mx = 0
x
2 )=0
x
2
)=0
5000 N
q = 253,7
N/m
3257,13 Nm
Q=q.L
Q = q . x
5317,125 N
1,175 m
X/2
1,325 m
X/2 Crane Kapasitas 1 Ton 60
Perancangan Alat Angkut Gantry
Q' = 253,7 . x
+ Fy = 0
5317,125 Q 5000 5000 V = 0
V = 4682,87 q.x
V = 253,7 . x 4682,87
x = 1,325 m V = 5019,02 N
x = 2,5 m V = 5317,125 N
+ Mx = 0
3257,13 5317,125 . x + Q .
X
2
=0
M = 3257,13 + 5317,125 + Q.
X
2
x2
2
6625
(+)
19,02
2,5
1,325
0
- 19,02
X (m)
1,175
()
- 5019,02
- 5317,125
M (Nm)
2816,07
2815,35
(+)
0
()
1,175
2,5
1,325
()
- 3257,13
M.
max =
h1
2
h
M .C
=
; C= 1
I zz
I zz
2
X (m)
(3257,13 . 103).
max =
125
2
8,39. 106
max =24,26
N
mm2
V
A
( 5317,125
3000 )
=1,74
N
mm2
x
x
x y 2
max = (
) + xy2 ; y =0
2
2,65
24,26 2
+
2
max=
max =12,41
N
mm 2
Bahan ST-37 ,
SF=
yield
max
SF=
110
12,41
= 110
N
mm2
, E = 210000
SF=8,86
b = 1,175
L = 2,5 m
P . b2 .a 2
y 1=
. [a . ( 3 a+b )3 al ]
6. E . I zz . L
N
mm2
1325 (3 . 1325+1175 )
5000.(1175)2 .(1325)2
y 1=
.
6. ( 210000 ) . ( 8,39 .10 6 ) . (2500)3
3 .1325 .2500
y 1=0,228 mm
5000
b = 1,325
a = 1,175
L = 2,5 m
P . b2 . a2
y 2=
. [a. ( 3 a+b )3 al]
6. E . I zz . L
1175 ( 3 .1175+1325 )
5000.(1325)2 .(1175)2
y 2=
.
6. ( 210000 ) . ( 8,39 .10 6 ) .(2500)3
3 .1175.2500
y 2=0,228 mm
q = 253,7
N/m
Q=q.L
Q = 634,25 N
L = 2,5 m
y 3=
Q . L3
192. E . I zz
634,25 .(2500)3
y 3=
192. ( 210000 ) .(8,39 .10 6)
y 3=0,03 mm
y max = y 1+ y 2+ y 3
y max =0,2280,2880,03
y max =0,606 mm
Bahan ST-37
Momen Inersia :
= 370
N
mm2
= 220
N
mm2
Iyy=6,55 x 105 mm 4
= 110
N
mm2
A=1711 mm
E = 210000
N
mm2
u
y
y
W =13,40
kg
m
Perhitungan Statika
Tiang dimodelkan sebagai kolom, seperti yang diperlihatkan pada gambar
berikut, dengan asumsi pembebanan ketika ada di salah satu ujung (di
pinggir).
125 mm
B
10000 N
2950 mm
mm
Perancangan Alat Angkut Gantry Crane Kapasitas 1 Ton 67
125 mm
10000 N
3257,17 Nm
A
2950 mm
mm
DBB
10000 N
3257,17 Nm
+ Fy = 0
RCy 10000 N = 0
RCy = 10000 N
2950 mm
mm
+ MC = 0
MC 3257,13 = 0
MC
MC = 3257,13 Nm
RCy
+ Fy = 0
10000 N = 0
N = 10000 N
+ MX = 0
M + 3257,13 = 0
M = 3257,13 Nm
3257,13 Nm
N (N)
10000
(+)
Diagram Momen Lentur
X (m)
0
0
2,5
()
3257,13
M (Nm)
10000 N
N
=5,84
1711
mm2
M.
max =
h1
2
h
M .C
=
; C= 1
I zz
I zz
2
(3257,13 . 103).
max =
max =47,9
125
2
4,25 .106
N
mm2
X (m)
x y 2
max = (
) + xy2 ; x =0 , xy=0
2
y 2
max = ( ) + xy 2
2
max =
47,9+ 5,84
2
max =26,87
N
2
mm
Bahan ST-37 ,
SF=
= 110
N
2
mm
, E = 210000
yield
terjadi
N
2
mm
SF=
110
26,87
SF=4,1
4 . 2 . E . Izz
Pcr=
L2
N
.(4,25. 106 ) mm4
2
mm
(2950 mm)2
4 . 2 . 210000
Pcr=
Pcr=4048777,67 N
Beban kritis
terjadinya
buckling
Bahan ST-37
Momen Inersia :
= 370
N
mm2
= 220
N
mm2
Iyy=6,55 x 105 mm 4
= 110
N
mm2
A=1711 mm2
E = 210000
N
mm2
u
y
y
3.8.1
W =13,40
kg
m
Tujuan mencari panjang dari kaki gantry crane ini diperlukan, agar ketika
gantry crane bergerak crane tetap stabil dan tidak terguling. Manusia mendorong
crane diasumsikan dengan gaya dorong dari tangan sebesar 70 N pada ketinggian
1,2 m. Untuk menghitung panjang efektif kaki, kaki dimodelkan sebagai berikut :
F =70 N
1200 mm
3075 mm
mm
W=5514,775 N
+ Mx = 0
F . 1200 mm W .
L
2
=0
L 70 N .1200 mm
=
2
5514,775 N
L=
70 N .1200 mm .2
5514,775 N
L = 30,46 mm
3.8.2
10634,25 N
N
2950 mm
mm
W = 395,3 N
W = 134
N
m
. 2,95 m = 395,3 N
DBB
q = 134
N
m
RAy
0,75 m
RBy
1,5m
DBB Benda 1
10634,25 N + 395,3 N = 11029,55 N
RAy1
0,75 m
RBy1
DBB Benda 2
q = 134
1,5 m
N
m
Q=q.L
Q = 201
RAy2
N
m
1,5 m
Perancangan Alat Angkut Gantry Crane Kapasitas 1 Ton 75
RBy2
+ Fy = 0
RAy1 + RBy1 11029,55 = 0
RAy1 + 5514,775 11029,55 = 0
RAy1 = 11029,55 5514,775
RAy1 = 5514,775 N
Dari DBB Benda 2
+ MA = 0
RBy2 . 1,5 Q .
L
2
=0
RBy 2=
201.0,75
=100,5 N
1,5
+ Fy = 0
RAy2 + RBy2 Q = 0
RAy2 +100,5 201 = 0
RAy2 = 201 100,5
RAy2 = 100,5 N
RAy = RAy1 + RAy2
RAy = 5514,775 + 100,5 = 5615,275 N
RBy = RBy1 + RBy2
RBy = 5514,775 + 100,5 = 5615,275 N
DBB potongan 1 (0 < X 0,75 m)
q = 134
N
m
q = 134
N
m
5615,275 N
5648,775 N
Q=q.L
Q=q.x
X/2
X
+ Fy = 0
5615,275 Q V = 0
V = 5615,275 (134 . x)
x = 0 V = 5615,275 N
x = 0,75 m V = 5513,775 N
+ Mx = 0
X
2 ) 5615,275 . x = 0
M + (Q.
M = 5615,275. x (q . x .
X
2 )
M = 5615,275 . x (134 .
x
2
M = (5615,275 . x) (67.
x2 )
x=0M=0
x = 0,375 m M = 2096,30 Nm
x = 0,75 m M = 4173,76 Nm
DBB Potongan 2 (0,75 m < X 1,5 m)
q = 134
11029,55 N
N
m
q = 134
Q = q .L
5514,775
N
5615,275 N
Q = q . x
X/21 m
0,75 m
X
+ Fy
N
m
5615,275 11029,55 Q V = 0
5615,275 11029,55 (134 . x) V = 0
V = 5615,275 11029,55 (134 .x )
V = 5414,275 (134 . x)
x = 0,75 m V = 5313,775 N
x = 1,5 m V = 5615,275 N
+ Mx = 0
X
2
) (5615,275 . x) = 0
X
2
) (5615,275 . x) = 0
M + [11029,55 . (x 0,75)] + (q . x .
X
2
) (5615,275 . x) = 0
X
2
) (5615,275 . x) = 0
x2
2
M = 134 .
x2
2
5615,275 . x = 0
x2
2
+ 8272,16
5414,275 . x + 8272,16
x = 0 ,75 m M = 4173,76
x = 1,125 m M = 2096,3 Nm
x = 1,5m M = 0 Nm
X (m)
0,75
()
5313,775
5615,275
Perancangan Alat Angkut Gantry Crane Kapasitas 1 Ton 80
(+)
0
Tegangan
Lentur Maksimum yang Terjadi
0,75
M.
max =
h
2
M .C
h
6
4
=
; C= , I zz =4,25 x 10 mm
I zz
I zz
2
4,25 x 10
max =61,37
N
mm2
V
A
( 5615,275
1711 )
=3,28
N
2
mm
1,5
X (m)
x y 2
max = (
) + xy2 ; y =0
2
4,83
61,37 2
+
2
max=
max =31,06
N
mm2
Bahan ST-37 ,
SF=
= 110
N
2
mm
, E = 210000
yield
max
N
2
mm
SF=
N
31,06
mm2
110
SF=3,54
N
2
mm
q = 134
N
m
Q = 201
1,5 m
N
m
y 1=
Q. L3
48. E . I zz
y 1=
201 .(1500)3
48. ( 210000 ) .(4,25 x 106 )
y 1=0,015 mm
11029,55 N
0,75 m
1,5 m
y 2=
P . L3
48. E . I zz
y 2=
11029,55 .(1500)3
48. ( 210000 ) . 4,25 x 106
y 2=0,86 mm
y max = y 1+ y 2
y max =0,015+0,86
y max =0,88 mm