Bangladesh virus Nipah (BIS) adalah paramyxovirus mematikan yang pertama kali
dijelaskan pada 1998-1999 di Malaysia dan Singapura, ketika epidemi besar ensefalitis fatal
terjadi pada manusia (283 kasus, 109 kematian) (1). Dalam wabah awal ini, sebagian besar kasus
manusia secara epidemiologis terkait dengan kegiatan yang melibatkan kontak dekat dengan babi
yang sakit; wabah berakhir setelah> 1 juta babi dimusnahkan dan pergerakan babi dihentikan (2).
Meskipun infeksi BIS belum terdeteksi di Malaysia atau Singapura sejak tahun 1999, BIS telah
menyebabkan berulang (hampir tahunan) wabah ensefalitis yang fatal di Bangladesh dan wabah
sporadis di India sejak 2001.
Metode yang digunakan untuk medeteksi virus tersebut dengan menggunakan metode
Koleksi sampel dengan cara mengumpulkan darah, cairan serebrospinal (CSF), urin, dan sampel
tenggorokan swab dari pasien dengan kasus yang dicurigai.
Characterization of nipah virus from outbreacks in
Bangladesh 2008 - 2010
Nipah virus (BIS) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus that causes fatal encephalitis in humans.
BIS initial outbreak of infection occurred in Malaysia and Singapore in 1998-1999; relatively
small, sporadic outbreaks among humans have occurred in Bangladesh since 2001. We
characterized a complete genome sequence identical BIS isolates from two patients in 2008 and
the partial genome sequence throat swab samples from three patients in 2010, all from
Bangladesh. All sequences from patients in Bangladesh comprised of different genetic groups.
However, the detection of three different genetic sequences from patients in Faridpur and
Gopalganj districts show some co-circulating lineages in the local area in a short period
(January-March 2010).
Bangladesh Nipah virus (BIS) is a deadly paramyxovirus that was first described in 1998-1999 in
Malaysia and Singapore, when major epidemics of fatal encephalitis in humans (283 cases, 109
deaths) (1). In the initial outbreak, most human cases epidemiologically linked to activities that
involve close contact with sick pigs; outbreak ended after> 1 million pigs were destroyed and the
movement of pigs discontinued (2). Although BIS infection has not been detected in Malaysia or
Singapore since 1999, BIS has led to recurrent (almost annual) outbreak of fatal encephalitis in
Bangladesh and sporadic outbreaks in India since 2001.
Outbreaks in Africa have shown human-to-human transmission and foodborne NIV (7-9).
Although outbreaks in Bangladesh have been smaller, the case-fatality rate has been consistently
higher (75%) than those of the initial outbreaks in Malaysia and Singapore (40%) (8,10). The
clinical case definition used in Bangladesh is different from that used during outbreaks of
Malaysia and focuses on the neurological signs and symptoms of fatal or severe. sequence
analysis of virus isolates and clinical samples obtained from people affected by outbreaks in
Bangladesh and India showed heterogeneity of nucleotides greater than those of Malaysia.
Within 2 weeks in Bangladesh during February 2008, 2 BIS cluster of human infections resulting
in 10 cases with 9 deaths (CFR 90%). The location of the cluster (and Manikgonj Rajbari
district) 44 km apart, separated by the intersection of Padma and Jamuna Rivers. The outbreak
associated with consumption of raw date palm sap. The method used for detecting the virus by
using the method of sample collection by collecting blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine and
throat swab samples from patients with suspected cases.