PERANCANGAN STRUKTUR BETON

BAB XI
PERHITUNGAN PONDASI

11.1 Data Perencanaan

Fungsi Bangunan : Asrama Mahasiswa
Letak Bangunan : Jauh Pantai
Jumlah Lantai : 4 Lantai
Mutu Beton (fc) : 32 MPa
Mutu Baja (fy) : 420 MPa
System Pondasi : Pondasi Dalam (Deep Foundation)Bored Pile
Zona Gempa : Zona 4
Jenis Tanah : Tanah Lunak

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11.2 Data Tanah

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11.3 Data Perencanaan Pondasi

11.3.1 Data Tiang Bor
Diameter Bored Pile = 0.6 m
Jumlah Tiang = 4 bh
m = 4 bh
n = 4 bh

11.3.2 Data Pile Cap :

Lebar (b) = 3.6 m
Panjang (l) = 3.6 m
Tebal (h) = 0.8 m
P Pile Cap = 33.9 Ton

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11.3.3 Data Kolom :

Lebar (b1) = 0.55 m
Panjang (a1) = 0.55 m
Tinggi (h2) = 3.4 m
P Kolom = 2.47 Ton

11.3.4 Data Lainnya :

Tebal selimut beton (p) = 75 mm
tulangan pile cap D = 22 mm
tulangan borepile D = 22 mm
tulangan sengkang = 12 mm

P (Daya dukung tiang) = Efisiensi tiang x P ijin tiang

P ijin tekan = 229.47 Ton
Pu max tiap tiang = 565 Ton

Mutu beton = 320 kg/cm2

fc' = 32 MPa
fy = 420 MPa

11.4 Cek Penampang Geser Pile Cap

tulangan pokok D = 22
tulangan bagi = 12
Tebal selimut beton (p) = 75 mm
Faktor reduksi geser () = 0.75

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11.4.1Gambar Denah Pile

Menghitung ukuran pile cap

S = 2.5 X 0.5 D
= 2.5 X 0.5 0.6
= 0.75 M

Ukuran pile cap

Lg = s + 1D
= 0 X 0.75 + 1 x 0.6
= 0.6

Bg = s + 1D
= 0 + 1 x 0.6
= 0.6

Ukuran poer Lx = Lg + 2D
= 0.6 + 1.2
= 1.8 m

Ukuran poer By = Bg + 2D
= 0.6 + 1.2
= 1.8 m

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Dicoba tebal penampang

d = 800 mm
d' = d - p - tul. sengkang - 1/2 * tul. Pokok
= 800 - 75 - 12 - 11
= 702 mm
P = 565.26 Ton

Gaya Geser Nominal

Vu = P x 1,5
= 847.5 Ton

Vu = Vn
= (Vc + Vs)

Vn = Vu /
= 847.5
0.75
= 1130.000 Ton
= 11300000.0 N

Vc = 1/6 * fc' * x b x d'

= 0.1666667 x 32 x 4200 x 702
= 2382667.0 N < Vn ( Tidak perlu tulangan geser )

Vn = Vc + Vs

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Vs = Vn Vc

= 8917333.0 N < 2/3 * fc' * x b x d'

< 0.6667 x 32 x 4200 x 702

< 11119113 N ......(OK !)

11.4.2Tulangan Geser
Diameter tulangan = 12 mm

Av = (1/4 * * d2) x 2
2
= 0.25 x 3.14 x 12 x 2
2
= 226.19 mm

Mencari jarak sengkang (S)

Vs = Av x fy x d
S
S = Av x fy x d
Vs
= 226.2 x 420 x 702
8917333.0
= 7 mm

Dicoba dipasang jarak (s) = 75 mm

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Av min = bw x s
3 x fy
= 4200 x 75
3 x 420
= 214 mm2 < Av pasang = 226 mm2 ......(memenuhi)

Maka, digunakan tulangan geser 12 - 75

11.5 Penulangan Pile Cap

tulangan pokok D = 22
tulangan bagi = 12
Tebal selimut beton (p) = 75 mm
Faktor reduksi geser () = 0.75

Dicoba tebal penampang

d = 800 mm

d' = d - p - tul. sengkang - 1/2 * tul. Pokok

= 800 - 75 - 12 - 11
= 702 mm

Luas tulangan = 1/4 * * d2

= 380.13271 mm2

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= 1.4
min
Fy
= 1.4
420
= 0.0033333

As min = min * b * d' dimana, min = 0.0033

= 0.003 x 3600 x 702
= 8424

Mu = 29397990 N.mm

Mn = Mu

= 29397990.0
0.8
= 36747487.5 N.mm

Rn = Mn / (b * d'2)
= 36747487.5
2
3600 x 702
= 0.02

m = fy / (0,85 * fc)
= 420
0.85 x 32
= 15.4

= 2 x Rn x m
1 1 - 1 -
M fy
= 1 - 1 - 2 x 0.02 x 15.4
1

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15.4 420
= 4.9E-05 < min Maka, dipakai min

As perlu = perlu * b * d'

= 0.003 x 3600 x 702
= 8424 mm2

Diameter tulangan = D 22 mm
Luas tulangan = 380.13271 mm2

Jumlah tulangan = As perlu

As tulangan
= 22.16 23 buah

Maka, digunakan tulangan lentur 23 D 22

11.6 PEnulangan Bore Pile

Luas Tulangan pokok = 1 % luas penampang bore pile
= 1% x 282743.339
2
= 2827.433 mm

3041.061 As
Maka dipakai tulangan 8 D 22 As = mm2 > .......Ok
7 pelu

Penulangan sengkang
Ag = Luas Penampang Teras Beton
= 1/4 x x (d - 1/4 U kolom)2
2
= 0.25 x 3.1415927 x 60 - 13.75
= 1680.02

Ag = Luas Penampang Bore Pile

= 1/4 x x d2

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2
= 0.25 x 3.1415927 x 60
= 2827.43 cm2

Fc' = 32 MPa = 320 kg/cm2

Fy = 420 MPa = 4200 kg/cm2

Ps = 0.45 x (Ag/Ac - 1) x fc' / fy

= 0.45
x 2827.4334 - 1 x 320
1680.0158 4200
= 0.02

as = Luas Penampang Sengkang

= 1/4 x x d2
2
= 0.25 x 3.1415927 x 1.2
= 1.13097 cm2

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Jarak sengkang (s)

s = 2 x Av x fy
b
1.1309733
= 2 x x 4200
6
188.5
= 50.4 cm

Maka, dipakai sengkang 12 - 100 mm

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10.7 Rekapitulasi Hasil Perhitungan

Digunakan bore pile : D= 0.6 m
P= 565.0 Ton

10.6.1 Penulangan Pile Cap sebagai berikut :

Type p (mm) l (mm) t (mm) Tul. Tekan Tul. Tarik
m
PC.1 3600 3600 800 23 D 22 23 D 22 mm
m

Digunakan tulangan geser (sengkang) 12 - 75 mm

10.6.2 Penulangan Bored Pile sebagai berikut :

Tulangan utama = 8 D 22
Digunakan tulangan geser (sengkang) = 12 - 100 mm

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REKAPITULASI PERHITUNGAN JUMLAH BORE PILE

Tipe = Bore Pile

D = 0.6 m

P ijin tekan = 229.5 Ton

Pu = P analisa struktur + P pilecap + P tie beam Jumlah

P Pile P Tie Bore

P Maksimum Pembulatan
Pu Pile (n)
Kolom Cap Beam
Analisa Struktur Tipe
Pu /
(Ton) (Ton) (Ton) (Ton) (buah)
ijin
1 131.7 33.9 2.5 168.0 P1 0.73 1
2 109.1 33.9 2.5 145.4 P2 0.63 1
3 131.7 33.9 2.5 168.0 P3 0.73 1
4 342.4 33.9 2.5 378.7 P4 1.65 2
5 165.7 33.9 2.5 202.1 P5 0.88 1
6 165.7 33.9 2.5 202.1 P6 0.88 1
7 314.8 33.9 2.5 351.1 P7 1.53 2
8 565.3 33.9 2.5 601.6 P8 2.62 3
9 314.8 33.9 2.5 351.1 P9 1.53 2
10 304.5 33.9 2.5 340.8 P10 1.49 2
11 547.1 33.9 2.5 583.5 P11 2.54 3
12 304.5 33.9 2.5 340.8 P12 1.49 2
13 225.5 33.9 2.5 261.8 P13 1.14 2
14 402.8 33.9 2.5 439.1 P14 1.91 2
15 226.8 33.9 2.5 263.1 P15 1.15 2

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16 144.4 33.9 2.5 180.7 P16 0.79 1

17 272.3 33.9 2.5 308.6 P17 1.35 2
18 167.2 33.9 2.5 203.5 P18 0.89 1
19 144.3 33.9 2.5 180.7 P19 0.79 1
20 259.5 33.9 2.5 295.8 P20 1.29 2
21 167.1 33.9 2.5 203.4 P21 0.89 1
22 60.5 33.9 2.5 96.8 P22 0.42 1
23 60.5 33.9 2.5 96.8 P23 0.42 1
24 225.5 33.9 2.5 261.9 P24 1.14 2
25 402.5 33.9 2.5 438.9 P25 1.91 2
26 226.8 33.9 2.5 263.1 P26 1.15 2
27 304.5 33.9 2.5 340.8 P27 1.49 2
28 547.1 33.9 2.5 583.5 P28 2.54 3
29 304.5 33.9 2.5 340.8 P29 1.49 2
30 314.8 33.9 2.5 351.1 P30 1.53 2
31 565.3 33.9 2.5 689.0 P31 3.00 4
32 314.8 33.9 2.5 351.1 P32 1.53 2
33 165.7 33.9 2.5 202.0 P33 0.88 1
34 342.2 33.9 2.5 378.6 P34 1.65 2
35 165.7 33.9 2.5 202.0 P35 0.88 1
36 131.7 33.9 2.5 168.0 P36 0.73 1
37 109.3 33.9 2.5 145.6 P37 0.63 1
38 131.7 33.9 2.5 168.0 P38 0.73 1
689.0 3.00 4

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PENGECEKAN DAYA DUKUNG TEKAN & TARIK PONDASI TIANG BOR

BERDASARKAN Su (Undrained Shear Strength)
PADA TANAH KOHESIF & NON KOHESIF

METODE LYMON C., REESE & O'NEILL, 1989

Qu = Qb + Qs
Qb = qb x Ab
qb = Nc * Cub 40 (kg/cm2) Cohesive Soil
Nc = 6 * (1 + 0,2 * (L/Bb) 9
qb = 2/3 * N-SPT 45 (kg/cm2) Cohesionless Soil

Qs = fs * As
fs = * Cu 2 (untuk = 0,55) (kg/cm2) Cohesive soil
fs = 0,3 * N-SPT (kg/cm2) Cohesionless Soil

P allowable = Pu / SF

Qu = Ultimate Pile Load Capacity (Ton)

Qb = Ultimate End Bearing Stress (Ton)
Qs = Ultimate Load in Side Resistane (Ton)

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Nc = Bearing Capacity Factor

Cu = Undrained Shear Strength = 6,25 x N-SPT (kPa)
Ab = Area of Base (m2)
fs = Ultimate Load Transfer in Side Resistance (Ton/m2)

L = Depth of Pile (m)

As = Area of Side Friction (m2)
a = Empirical Factor
SF = Safety Factor

BORED PILE PROPERTIES

D = 0.6 m (Diameter of Pile)
r = 0.3 m (Radius of Pile)
Ap = 1/4 * * D2 (Area of Pile)
= 0.28 m2
K = *D (Perimeter Pile)
= 1.88 m
C = Cohesive Soil
N = Cohesionless Soil

Soil Shear Strength (Kpa)

N - SPT
Consistency Lower Upper
Very Soft (A) << 12 12 <4
Soft (B) 12 25 4-6
Firm (C) 25 50 6 - 15
Stiff (D) 50 100 16 - 25
Very Stiff (E) 100 200 25 - 30
Hard (F) 200 > 200 > 30

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qp Parsial
h L Cu fs * Qu
Elevas Soil (kg/cm2) Nc Qb Qs Safety
layer Efektif Consis N- (kPa) L/ As (Qb +
i (m) Type (x 10 ton a (Grafik) (Ton) (Ton) Factor
(m) Pile tency SPT (x0,1) D (Ton) Qs)
/ m2) Sf =
(m) t/m2
2.5
0.00
-2.50 2.50 2.50 C A 3 18.8 0.00 0.55 8.3 9 5.30 4.24 4.24 9.54 3.82
-4.00 1.50 4.00 C B 4 25.0 0.00 0.55 13.3 9 7.07 3.39 7.63 14.70 5.88
-5.50 1.50 5.50 C E 25 156.3 0.00 0.55 18.3 9 44.18 21.21 28.84 73.02 29.21
-6.50 1.00 6.50 C F 36 225.0 0.00 0.55 21.7 9 63.62 20.36 49.20 112.81 45.13
-8.00 1.50 8.00 C F 40 250.0 0.00 0.55 26.7 9 70.69 33.93 83.13 153.81 61.52
-9.50 1.50 9.50 C F 50 312.5 0.00 0.55 31.7 9 88.36 42.41 125.54 213.90 85.56
-11.00 1.50 11.00 C F 50 312.5 0.00 0.55 36.7 9 88.36 42.41 167.95 256.31 102.52
-12.00 1.00 12.00 C F 50 312.5 0.00 0.55 40.0 9 88.36 28.27 196.22 284.58 113.83
-13.50 1.50 13.50 C F 60 375.0 0.00 0.55 45.0 9 106.03 50.89 247.12 353.15 141.26
-15.00 1.50 15.00 C F 60 375.0 0.00 0.55 50.0 9 106.03 50.89 298.01 404.04 161.62
-16.00 1.00 16.00 C F 60 375.0 0.00 0.55 53.3 9 106.03 33.93 331.94 437.97 175.19
-17.50 1.50 17.50 C F 60 375.0 0.00 0.55 58.3 9 106.03 50.89 382.83 488.86 195.55
-19.00 1.50 19.00 C F 60 375.0 0.00 0.55 63.3 9 106.03 50.89 433.73 539.76 215.90
-20.00 1.00 20.00 C F 60 375.0 0.00 0.55 66.7 9 106.03 33.93 467.66 573.69 229.47

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