DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN I ..................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN II ................................................................................... ii
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................. iii
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................ iv
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR TABEL ...................................................................................................... xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................. xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang PT. PERTAMINA (Persero) dan Perkembangannya ....................... 1
1.2 Deskripsi Umum Proses ............................................................................................. 4
1.3 Tujuan Kerja Praktek ................................................................................................. 5
1.4 Ruang Lingkup ........................................................................................................... 5
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA................................................................................ 6
2.1 Sifat Fisik dan Sifat Kimia Minyak Bumi ...................................................... 6
2.1.1 Berat Jenis ............................................................................................. 6
2.1.2 Kandungan Belerang ............................................................................. 6
2.1.3 Kandungan Nitrogen ............................................................................. 7
2.1.4 Kandungan Garam ................................................................................ 7
2.1.5 Viskositas .............................................................................................. 7
2.2 Sifat Fisik dan Sifat Kimia Produk Kilang ..................................................... 7
2.2.1 LPG (Liquit Petroleum Gas) ................................................................. 8
2.2.2 Bensin (Motor Gasoline) ...................................................................... 8
2.2.3 Kerosin .................................................................................................. 9
2.2.4 Avtur ..................................................................................................... 10
2.2.5 Minyak Diesel/ Solar ............................................................................ 11
2.3 Proses Pengilangan Minyak Bumi .................................................................. 11
2.3.1 Pengolahan Pertama (Primary Processing) .......................................... 12
2.3.2 Pengolahan Lanjuran (Secondary Processing) ..................................... 14
2.3.3 Proses Treating ..................................................................................... 18

vi
 2.4 Reaksi- Reaksi pada Pengolahan Minyak Bumi ............................................. 19
2.4.1 Desulfurisasi ......................................................................................... 19
2.4.2 Denitrifikasi .......................................................................................... 19
2.4.3 Hidrogenasi Olefin ................................................................................ 20
2.4.4 Penghilangan Senyawa Oksigen ........................................................... 20
2.4.5 Dekomposisi Halida .............................................................................. 20
2.4.6 Penghilangan Senyawa Logam ............................................................. 21
2.4.7 Proses Pengubahan Struktur Molekul ................................................... 21
2.4.8 Proses Kombinasi Molekul ................................................................... 22
2.4.9 Steam Reforming .................................................................................. 22
2.4.10 Reaksi Pergeseran CO......................................................................... 22
2.4.11 Absorbsi CO ...................................................................................... 23
2.4.12 Reaksi Metanasi .................................................................................. 23
BAB III BAHAN DAN PRODUK ............................................................................ 24
3.1 Bahan Baku ..................................................................................................... 24
3.2 Produk ............................................................................................................. 24
3.2.1 LPG ....................................................................................................... 26
3.2.2 Naphta ................................................................................................... 28
3.2.3 Premium ................................................................................................ 30
3.2.4 Kerosin .................................................................................................. 32
3.2.5 Automotive Diesel Oil (ADO) ............................................................... 33
3.2.6 Industrial Fuel Oil (IFO) ...................................................................... 35
3.2.7 Industrial Diesel Oil (IDO) ................................................................... 35
3.2.8 Avtur ..................................................................................................... 36
3.2.9 Lilin (Wax) ............................................................................................ 37
3.2.10 LSWR ................................................................................................. 38
3.2.11 Marine Gas Oil (MGO) ...................................................................... 39
3.2.12 Low Aromatic White Spirit (LAWS)................................................... 39
3.2.13 Smooth Fluid 05 (SF 05) ..................................................................... 40
BAB IV SISTEM PROSES DAN PEMROSES ....................................................... 44
4.1 Kilang Balikpapan I ........................................................................................ 45
4.1.1 Crude Distilling Unit (CDU) V ............................................................ 46
vii
 4.1.2 High Vaccuum Unit (HVU) III ............................................................. 49
4.1.3 Dehydration Plant (DHP) ..................................................................... 51
4.1.4 Wax Plant .............................................................................................. 52
4.1.5 Effluent Water Treatment Plant (EWTP) ............................................. 55
4.1.6 Peralatan Utama .................................................................................... 56
4.2 Kilang Balikpapan II ....................................................................................... 58
4.2.1 Hydroskimming Complex (HSC) .......................................................... 59
4.2.2 Hydrocracking Complex (HCC) ........................................................... 69
4.2.3 Spesifikasi Peralatan Utama ................................................................. 83
BAB V UTILITAS DAN PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH ............................................ 93
5.1 Utilitas ............................................................................................................. 93
5.1.1 Natural Resources ................................................................................. 93
5.1.2 Sistem Air ............................................................................................. 93
5.1.3 Sistem Bahan Bakar .............................................................................. 103
5.1.4 Sistem Nitrogen .................................................................................... 105
5.1.5 Sistem Udara ......................................................................................... 106
5.2 Pengolahan Limbah ........................................................................................ 106
5.2.1 Pengolahan Limbah Gas ....................................................................... 107
5.2.2 Pengolahan Limbah Cair....................................................................... 108
5.2.3 Pengolahan Limbah Padat..................................................................... 111
BAB VI TATA LETAK PABRIK ............................................................................ 112
BAB VII STRUKTUR ORGANISASI ..................................................................... 114
7.1 Struktur Organisasi ......................................................................................... 114
7.1.1 Operation and Manufacturing Function ............................................... 114
7.1.2 Maintenance Planning & Support Function ......................................... 117
7.1.3 Maintenance Execution Function ......................................................... 117
7.1.4 Workshop Section Engineering and Development ................................ 118
7.1.5 Total Quality Management Section ...................................................... 120
7.1.6 Reliability Function .............................................................................. 120
7.1.7 Procurement Function .......................................................................... 120
7.1.8 Health,Safety, Environment Function ................................................... 121
7.1.9 General Affairs Function ...................................................................... 121

viii
 7.1.10 Human Resource Area/ Business Partner Function ........................... 121
7.1.11 Fungsi Keuangan ................................................................................ 121
7.1.12 Information Technology ...................................................................... 121
7.1.13 OPI ...................................................................................................... 122
BAB VIII PEMBAHASAN........................................................................................ 123
BAB IX PENUTUP .................................................................................................... 125
9.1 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................................... 125
9.2 Saran ............................................................................................................... 125
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................ 126

TUGAS KHUSUS
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................... 1
1.2 Tujuan ............................................................................................................ 2
1.2.1 Tujuan Umum ....................................................................................... 2
1.2.2 Tujuan Khusus ...................................................................................... 2
1.3 Ruang Lingkup ................................................................................................ 2
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA................................................................................ 3
2.1 Pengertian Dapur (Furnace) ........................................................................... 3
2.2 Type Dapur (Furnace) .................................................................................... 3
2.2.1 Type Dapur Berdasarkan Konstruksinya .............................................. 3
2.2.2 Type Dapur Berdasarkan Draft ............................................................. 4
2.3 Bagian- Bagian Dapur (Furnace) ................................................................... 4
2.3.1 Dinding Dapur ...................................................................................... 5
2.3.2 Tube Coil............................................................................................... 6
2.3.3 Tube Support ......................................................................................... 6
2.3.4 Burner ................................................................................................... 6
2.3.5 Stack ...................................................................................................... 7
2.3.6 Stack Damper ........................................................................................ 7
2.3.7 Peep Hole .............................................................................................. 7
2.3.8 Access Door .......................................................................................... 8
2.3.9 Explosion Door ..................................................................................... 8

ix
 2.3.10 Snuffing Steam .................................................................................... 8
2.3.11 Shoot Blower ....................................................................................... 8
2.4 Prinsip Kerja Dapur (Furnace) ....................................................................... 8
2.4.1 Radiasi................................................................................................... 9
2.4.2 Konveksi ............................................................................................... 10
2.4.3 Konduksi ............................................................................................... 10
2.5 Efisiensi Dapur (Furnace) .............................................................................. 10
2.6 Pembakaran ..................................................................................................... 11
2.6.1 Sistem Pembakaran ............................................................................... 12
2.7 Metode Perhitungan ........................................................................................ 12
2.7.1 Metode Heat Balance/ Heat Adsorbed ................................................. 12
2.7.2 Metode Heat Loss ................................................................................. 12
BAB III PELAKSANAAN TUGAS KHUSUS ........................................................ 15
3.1 Tahap Pelaksanaan Tugas Khusus ............................................................. 15
3.2 Pengumpulan Data ..................................................................................... 15
3.3 Peralatan Penunjang ................................................................................... 15
3.3.1 Distributed Control System (DCS) ....................................................... 15
3.3.2 Infrared Thermometer ........................................................................... 16
3.3.3 Instrumentasi ......................................................................................... 16
3.4 Pengolahan Data ......................................................................................... 17
3.4.1 Menghitung Panas Masuk Sistem ......................................................... 17
3.4.2 Menghitung Panas Keluar Sistem ......................................................... 19
3.4.3 Neraca Panas ......................................................................................... 19
3.4.4 Efisiensi Dapur...................................................................................... 20
3.4.5 Excess Air ............................................................................................. 20
BAB IV HASIL- HASIL TUGAS ............................................................................. 23
BAB V PEMBAHASAN ............................................................................................ 27
BAB VI PENUTUP .................................................................................................... 30
6.1 Kesimpulan................................................................................................. 30
6.2 Saran ........................................................................................................... 30
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................. 32
LAMPIRAN

x
 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 Refinery Unit PT. PERTAMINA (Persero) di seluruh Indonesia ... 1
Tabel 1.2 Kronologis Perkembangan Kilang PERTAMINA RU V ................ 2
Tabel 2.1 Klasifikasi Minyak Bumi Berdasarkan Berat Jenisnya.................... 6
Tabel 2.2 Klasifikasi Minyak Bumi Berdasarkan Kandungan Sulfur ............. 7
Tabel 2.3 Klasifikasi LPG Berdasarkan Tekanan Uap .................................... 8
Tabel 3.1 Spesifikasi Produk LPG Jenis Propana............................................ 26
Tabel 3.2 Spesifikasi Produk LPG Jenis Butana ............................................. 26
Tabel 3.3 Spesifikasi Produk LPG Mixed ........................................................ 27
Tabel 3.4 Spesifikasi Produk Light Naphta (Produk BP) ................................ 28
Tabel 3.5 Spesifikasi Produk Light Naphta (Konsumsi Sietco) ...................... 29
Tabel 3.6 Spesifikasi Produk Medium Naphta (Konsumsi BP)....................... 29
Tabel 3.7 Spesifikasi Premium Menurut Dirjen Migas ................................... 30
Tabel 3.8 Spesifikasi Pertamax Menurut Dirjen Migas ................................... 31
Tabel 3.9 Spesifikasi Kerosin Menurut Dirjen Migas ..................................... 32
Tabel 3.10 Spesifikasi Kerosin Menurut Dirjen Migas ..................................... 29
Tabel 3.11 Spesifikasi IFO untuk BP ................................................................ 34
Tabel 3.12 Spesifikasi Produk IDO untuk BP ................................................... 35
Tabel 3.13 Spesifikasi Produk Avtur ................................................................. 37
Tabel 3.14 Spesifikasi Produk Yellow Batik Wax (YBW) ................................. 38
Tabel 3.15 Spesifikasi LSWR ............................................................................ 38
Tabel 3.16 Spesifikasi Produk Marine Gas Oil (MGO) .................................... 39
Tabel 3.17 Spesifikasi Produk Low Aromatic White Spirit (LAWS) ................ 39
Tabel 3.18 Spesifikasi Produk Smooth Fluid 05 (SF 05) .................................. 40
Tabel 3.19 Pendistribusian Produk- Produk RU V Balikpapan......................... 42
Tabel 4.1 Spesifikasi Umpan LPG Recovery Unit .......................................... 63
Tabel 4.2 Spesifikasi Umpan dan Produk Sour Water Stripper ...................... 66
Tabel 4.3 Spesifikasi Umpan Hydrocracking Unit .......................................... 71
Tabel 4.4 Spesifikasi Produk LPG Hydrocracking Unit ................................. 71
Tabel 4.5 Spesifikasi Produk Cair Hydrocracking Unit .................................. 72
Tabel 4.6 Spesifikasi Umpan Hydrogen Plant ................................................ 79
xi
Tabel 5.1 Klasifikasi Steam ............................................................................. 98
Tabel 5.2 Spesifikasi Air Umpan Boiler PERTAMINA RU V ....................... 99
Tabel 5.3 Produksi Listrik Power Plant 1 ....................................................... 100
Tabel 5.4 Proudksi Listrik Power Plant 2 ....................................................... 100
Tabel 5.5 Komposisi Fuel Gas dari HVU ........................................................ 103
Tabel 5.6 Spesifikasi Fuel Oil.......................................................................... 104
Tabel 5.7 Produksi Plant Air dan Instrument Air ............................................ 105
Tabel 5.2 Spesifikasi Air Umpan Boiler PERTAMINA RU V ....................... 99

TUGAS KHUSUS
Tabel 4.1 Data Kondisi Desain dan Hasil Perhitungan ................................... 22
Lampiran

xii
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 3.1 Blok Diagram RU V- Balikpapan Refinery ................................25

Gambar 4.1 Diagram Sederhana Kilang RU V Balikpapan ............................44
Gambar 4.2 Diagram Sederhana Kilang Balikpapan I ....................................45
Gambar 4.3 Diagram Sederhana Proses CDU V ............................................48
Gambar 4.4 Diagram Sederhana Proses HVU III ...........................................50
Gambar 4.5 Diagram Sederhana Proses Dehydration Plant (DHP) ...............51
Gambar 4.6 Diagram Sederhana Proses Pembuatan Wax...............................54
Gambar 4.7 Skema EWTP/ SWTP RU V Balikpapan ....................................55
Gambar 4.8 Diagram Sederhana Kilang Balikpapan II...................................58
Gambar 4.9 Diagram Sederhana Proses CDU IV ...........................................60
Gambar 4.10 Bagan Proses di Naphta Hydrotreater Unit ................................62
Gambar 4.11 Bagan Proses di Platformer .........................................................63
Gambar 4.12 Diagram Sederhana Platformer ...................................................65
Gambar 4.13 Skema Proses SWS .....................................................................67
Gambar 4.14 Diagram Proses Sederhana High Vacuum Unit II .......................70
Gambar 4.15 Blok Diagram Proses Hydrocracking Unit .................................73
Gambar 4.16 Blok Diagram Proses Fraksinasi Hydrocracker ..........................75
Gambar 4.17 Diagram Hidrocracker Unibon ...................................................78
Gambar 4.18 Diagram Sederhana Hydrogen Plant ...........................................81
Gambar 5.1 Diagram Sederhana Sistem Distribusi Air .................................93
Gambar 5.2 Diagram Sederhana Sistem Proses dalam Water Demineralization
Plant ............................................................................................97
Gambar 6.1 Tata Letak Pabrik PERTAMINA (Persero) RU V Balikpapan ...112
Gambar 7.1 Struktur Organisasi Refinery Unit (RU) V Balikpapan ...............121

TUGAS KHUSUS

Gambar 2.1 Furnace Cylindris Vertical ..........................................................4

Gambar 3.1 Infrared Thermometer IR-50i ......................................................16
Gambar 3.2 Skema Neraca Panas F-3-04 B ....................................................21
xiii
Gambar 4.1 Grafik Perbandingan Efisiensi Desain dan Aktual ......................23
Gambar 4.2 Grafik Hubungan Efisiensi dengan Temperatur Flue Gas ..........24
Gambar 4.3 Grafik Masing- Masing Panas yang Masuk ke dalam Furnace ..24
Gambar 4.4 Grafik Masing- Masing Panas yang Keluar dari Furnace ..........25
Lampiran

xiv