Adhesion Macrophage
Oxidized
Monocyte LDL-C molecule
LDL-C
Foam cell
CRP
Smooth muscle
cells
Penyakit Kardiovaskuler
Penyakit yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan
JANTUNG dan PEMBULUH DARAH
Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK)
Stroke
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
1. Betteridge DJ; Lipids: Current Perspectives. Special Patients Groups. Martin Dunitz Ltd. 1996:2
2. Nagard M, Libby P, Falk E, et al. From Vulnerable plaque to Vulnerable A Call for New Definities and Risk Assesment Strategies: Part 1. Circulation. 2003; 106:
1654-1672
3. Myerburg RJ, Interian A, Mitrani RM, et al. Frequency of Sudden Cardiac Death and Profiles of Risk. Am J Cardiol. 1997; 80(68): 10F-19F
PEMBULUH DARAH
ARTERI
Jantung seluruh tubuh
Dinding tebal & berotot
supaya tahan terhadap
tekanan tinggi
VENA
Seluruh tubuh jantung
Dinding tipis & tidak
berlapis otot
Fungsi:
Memberikan energi
Membantu pertumbuhan sel
Melindungi organ-organ dalam tubuh
Membantu penyerapan nutrisi dan produksi hormon
Darimanakah kolesterol berasal?
Adhesion Macrophage
Oxidized
Monocyte LDL-C molecule
LDL-C
Foam cell
CRP
Smooth muscle
cells
Tuzcu EM, Kapadia SR, Tutar E, et al. High Prevalence of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Teenagers And Young Adults: EvidenceFrom
Intravascular Ultrasound. Circulation 2001;103:2705-2710
Faktor-faktor risiko yang mempercepat
terjadinya aterosklerosis
Kadar LDL-C (kolesterol jahat) yang tinggi ADALAH FAKTOR RISIKO UTAMA
Coronary artery
Plaque rupture
unstable angina Pulmonary embolism
Myocardial infarction (PE)
(MI) / heart attack
Deep vein
thrombosis (DVT)
The Cardiovascular Continuum of Events
ACS
Coronary
Secondary Arrhythmia and
prevention
Thrombosis Stroke Loss of Muscle
Myocardial Remodeling
Ischemia
Ventricular
PJK Dilatation
Atherosclerosis Congestive
Heart Failure
Primary
prevention Risk Factors End-stage
( Dyslipidemia, BP, DM, Heart Disease
Insulin Resistance, Platelets,
Adapted from
Fibrinogen, etc)
Dzau et al. Am Heart J. 1991;121:1244-1263
Atherosclerosis: Penyakit Sistemik
From a prospective analysis of 1886 patients aged 62 years, 810 patients were diagnosed with CAD as
defined by a documented clinical history of MI, ECG evidence of Q-wave MI, or typical angina without
previous
Aronow WSMI.
et al,(Adapted from
Am J Cardiol, Aronow et al.)
1994.
Hubungan Kolesterol Dan Stroke
MRFIT: Angka kematian akibat stroke selama 6 th (n=350,977)
Age adjusted death ratio
8
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Intracranial hemorrhage
6
Non-hemorrhagic
0
< 160 160-199 200-239 240-279 >280
Serum cholesterol (mg/dl)
Kepatuhan Terapi
Cek kadar kolesterol secara berkala
Periksa ke Dokter secara teratur
Minum obat sesuai anjuran Dokter secara teratur dan benar
(sesuai dosis dan jangka waktu yang ditentukan Dokter)
Berapakah target LDL-C yang harus
dicapai?
Risiko tinggi
PJK atau yg setara dgn PJK (DM) <100 mg/dL
Hard CHD:
Infark miokard, kematian karena serangan jantung
NCEP Expert Panel. JAMA. 2001;285:2486-2497.
Manfaat pemberian Statin
PERLU DIINGAT!!!
Tujuan Pengobatan Hiperkolesterol tidak hanya
menurunkan kadar Kolesterol saja, yang lebih
penting lagi