DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL...................................................................................................i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN 1......................................................................................ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN 2......................................................................................iii

ABSTRAK..................................................................................................................iv

KATA PENGANTARv

DAFTAR ISI...............................................................................................................vii

DAFTAR TABEL........................................................................................................xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR...................................................................................................xiii

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN..........................................................................................1

1.1 Sejarah Singkat..........................................................................................1

.........................................................................................................................

1.2 Visi dan Misi..............................................................................................2

1.3 Tugas dan Fungsi.......................................................................................2

1.4 Layanan Jasa Teknis..................................................................................3

1.5 Laboratorium Uji.......................................................................................4

1.6 Lembaga Sertifikat Produk (LSPro) Samarinda Etam..............................5

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA...............................................................................6

2.1 Analisa Parameter......................................................................................6

2.2 Bahan Baku...............................................................................................12

2.3 Sistem Proses.............................................................................................13

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 2.4 Sistem Pemroses dan Instrumentasi..........................................................15

2.5 Produk.......................................................................................................16

2.6 Pengolahan Limbah...................................................................................16

2.7 Tata Letak..................................................................................................16

2.8 Organisasi dan Segi Ekonomis..................................................................20

BAB III PEMBAHASAN..........................................................................................23

BAB IV PENUTUP....................................................................................................24

4.1 Kesimpulan................................................................................................24

4.2 Saran..........................................................................................................24

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

TUGAS KHUSUS

HALAMAN JUDUL

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN..........................................................................................26

1.1 Latar Belakang..........................................................................................26

1.2 Tujuan Praktek Kerja Lapangan................................................................27

1.3 Manfaat Praktek Kerja Lapangan..............................................................28

1.4 Waktu, Tempat dan Topik Praktek Kerja Lapangan..................................28

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA...............................................................................29

2.1 Deskripsi Umum Air.................................................................................29

2.2 Sifat Umum Air.........................................................................................30

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2.3 Air Bersih..................................................................................................31

2.3.1 Syarat-Syarat Air Bersih...................................................................31

2.3.2 Penggunaan Air Bersih.....................................................................33

2.3.3 Akibat Ketiadaan Air Bersih.............................................................33

2.4 Air Sungai..................................................................................................33

2.5 Air Limbah................................................................................................35

2.5.1 Komponen Primer Air Limbah.........................................................36

2.5.2 Karakteristik Air Limbah..................................................................36

2.6 Pemanfaatan Sumber Air...........................................................................41

2.7 Penggunaan Air di Industri........................................................................42

2.8 Kadar Parameter Kualitas Air....................................................................42

2.9 Pencemaran Air.........................................................................................44

2.10 Logam Berat............................................................................................44

2.11 Teori-Teori Yang Dianalisa

2.11.1 Ion Klorida (Cl-)..........................................................................45

2.11.1.1 Analisa Klorida.............................................................46

2.11.2 Nitrit (NO2)..................................................................................48

2.11.2.1 Gejala Klinis Yang Disebabkan Oleh Nitrit..................48

2.11.2.2 Metode Analisa Nitrit (NO2).........................................49

2.11.2.3 Spektrofotometri UV-Visible........................................50

2.11.2.4 Hukum Lambert-Beer...................................................51

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 2.11.2.5 Instrumentasi Spektrofotometri UV-Visible................52

2.11.3 Logam Tembaga (Cu)..................................................................55

2.11.3.1 Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Tembaga....................................56

2.11.3.2 Kegunaan Tembaga......................................................57

2.11.3.3 Tembaga Bagi Organisme.............................................58

2.11.3.4 Efek Tembaga Terhadap Kesehatan..............................58

2.11.3.5 Efek Tembaga Terhadap Lingkungan...........................59

2.11.3.6 Bentuk-Bentuk Keracunan Tembaga............................59

2.11.3.7 Metode Analisis Tembaga.............................................60

2.11.3.8 Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom...................................60

2.11.3.9 Instrumentasi Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom............62

BAB III PELAKSANAAN TUGAS KHUSUS........................................................65

3.1 Deskripsi Lingkup Kerja........................................................................65

3.2 Analisa Klorida (Cl-)...............................................................................65

3.3Analisa Nitrit (NO2).................................................................................68

3.4 Analisa Tembaga (Cu)............................................................................77

BAB IV HASIL-HASIL TUGAS KHUSUS............................................................83

4.1 Data Pengamatan Analisa Klorida (Cl-).................................................83

4.2 Data Pengamatan Analisa Nitrit (NO2)...................................................84

4.3 Data Pengamatan Analisa Tembaga (Cu)...............................................86

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BAB V PEMBAHASAN............................................................................................89

5.1 Pembahasan Analisa Klorida (Cl-)..........................................................89

5.2 Pembahasan Analisa Nitrit (NO2)...........................................................91

5.3 Pembahasan Analisa Tembaga (Cu).......................................................92

BAB VI PENUTUP....................................................................................................94

6.1 Kesimpulan.............................................................................................94

6.2 Saran.......................................................................................................95

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Perbandingan BOD dengan COD................................................................38

Tabel 2.2 Sifat-Sifat Klorin.........................................................................................45

Tabel 2.3 Spektrum Tampak dan Warna-Warna Komplementer.................................51

Tabel 2.4 Sifat-Sifat Tembaga.....................................................................................56

Tabel 2.5 Beberapa Perkiraan Batas Deteksi dalam Absorpsi Atom...........................61

Tabel 4.1 Hasil Pengamatan Untuk Perhitungan Normalitas AgNO3.........................83

Tabel 4.2 Hasil Pengamatan Untuk Perhitungan Normalitas AgNO3.........................83

Tabel 4.3 Hasil Pengamatan Untuk Perhitungan Konsentrasi Cl-...............................84

Tabel 4.4 Hasil Pengamatan........................................................................................84

Tabel 4.5 Hasil Pengamatan Kurva Standar Kalibrasi Nitrit.......................................85

Tabel 4.6 Hasil Pengujian Kadar Nitrit pada Sampel Air Bersih dan Air Sungai.......86

Tabel 4.7 Data Kurva Standar Kalibrasi Logam Tembaga..........................................86

Tabel 4.8 Hasil Pengujian Kadar Logam Tembaga (Cu)pada Sampel Air Bersih dan

Air Sungai...................................................................................................88

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Bagan Optis Instrumentasi UV-Visible...................................................53

Gambar 2.2 Dispersi Cahaya pada Prisma..................................................................54
Gambar 2.3 Lampu HCL.............................................................................................63
Gambar 4.1 Kurva Kalibrasi Standar Nitrit.................................................................85
Gambar 4.2 Kurva Standar Kalibrasi Konsentrasi Tembaga (Cu)..............................87

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