T05 K04 Caption PutrikaSW 10504057 TeknikReaksiKimia
T05 K04 Caption PutrikaSW 10504057 TeknikReaksiKimia
4
BAB 1 Teknik Reaksi Kimia dan Perancangan Reaktor ....................................... 4
1.1. Pendahuluan ............................................................................................ 4
1.2. Teknik Perancangan ................................................................................ 4
1.3. Perancangan Reaktor untuk Proses Industrial ......................................... 4
BAB 2 Konversi Kimia .......................................................................................... 4
2.1. Derajat Reaksi ......................................................................................... 4
2.2. Derajat Konversi ..................................................................................... 4
2.3. Hubungan Derajat Konversi dengan Komposisi ..................................... 5
2.4. Pengaruh Konversi terhadap P dan V ..................................................... 5
2.4.1. Sistem Gas Ideal ............................................................................. 5
2.4.2. Sistem Cairan .................................................................................. 5
2.5. Konsentrasi ............................................................................................. 5
2.6........................................................................................................................ 5
BAB 3 Reaktor Ideal .............................................................................................. 5
3.1. Neraca Massa .......................................................................................... 5
3.2. Reaksi Kimia Elementer ......................................................................... 5
3.2.1. Reaksi Unimolekular, Orde Pertama .............................................. 5
3.2.2. Orde Kedua, Satu Reaktan .............................................................. 6
3.2.3. Orde Kedua, Dua Reaktan .............................................................. 6
3.3. Reaktor Ideal Isotermal ........................................................................... 6
3.3.1. Reaktor Partaian .............................................................................. 6
3.3.1.1. Volum Media Reaksi Tetap .................................................... 6
3.3.1.2. Volum Media Reaksi Berubah ................................................ 6
3.3.1.3. Dasar Perancangan Reaktor Partaian ...................................... 6
3.3.2. Reaktor Aliran Sumbat ................................................................... 6
3.3.2.1. Unjuk Kerja Reaktor Aliran Sumbat ....................................... 6
3.3.2.2. Waktu Tinggal Rata- rata ........................................................ 6
3.3.2.3. Perancangan Reaktor Aliran Sumbat ...................................... 6
3.3.3. Reaktor Tangki Ideal ....................................................................... 7
3.3.3.1. Sistem dengan Densitas atau Volum Tetap............................. 7
3.3.3.2. Sistem dengan Densitas atau Volum Tetap............................. 7
3.4. Perbandingan Ukuran Reaktor ................................................................ 7
3.4.1. Reaktor Partaian .............................................................................. 7
3.4.2. RTIK dan RAS ................................................................................ 7
3.5. Sistem Reaktor Ganda ............................................................................. 7
3.5.1. Reaktor Aliran Sumbat Disusun Seri dan Paralel ............. 7
3.5.2. Reaktor Tangki Ideal Kontinyu Disusun Seri ................................. 7
3.5.2.1. Reaksi Orde Pertama ............................................................... 7
3.5.2.2. Reaksi Orde Kedua ................................................................. 8
Co
1 Co k RAS ........................................................................................ 8
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3.5.3. Reaktor Tangki Ideal Kontinyu Berukuran Berbeda Disusun Seri . 8
3.5.3.1. Derajat Konversi untuk Sistem Reaktor Tertentu ................... 8
3.5.4. Reaktor Jenis Berbeda Disusun Seri ............................................... 8
3.5.5. Reaktor Berdaur Ulang ................................................................... 8
3.5.5.1. Reaksi Order Pertama ............................................................. 8
3.5.5.2. Reaksi Order Kedua ................................................................ 8
BAB 4 Reaksi Kompleks Pada Reaktor Partaian .................................................. 8
4.1. Reaksi Ganda Non Elementer ................................................................. 8
4.2. Kinetika Komplek dalam Reaktor Partaian ............................................ 8
4.2.1. Reaksi Ganda .................................................................................. 8
4.3. Mekanisme Reaksi Kompleks................................................................. 8
4.3.1. Reaksi Berorde Tinggi .................................................................... 8
4.3.2. Hipotesis Keadaan Tunak ............................................................... 9
4.3.3. Sistem Persamaan Reaksi Orde Pertama ........................................ 9
4.3.4. Reaksi Autokatalitik........................................................................ 9
4.4. Reaktor Partaian dengan Volume Berubah-rubah .................................. 9
4.4.1. Sistem dengan Massa Tetap ............................................................ 9
4.4.2. Sistem Reaktor Semi- partaian (semibatch) .................................... 9
BAB 5 Reaksi Kompleks Pada Reaktor Ideal ........................................................ 9
5.1. Reaktor Pipa ............................................................................................ 9
5.1.1. Kinetika Kompleks ......................................................................... 9
5.1.2. Reaktor dengan Densitas Berubah .................................................. 9
5.2. Reaktor Tangki Ideal Kontinyu .............................................................. 9
5.3. Kinetika Kompleks dan Derajat Kontinyu .............................................. 9
5.4. Sifat Fisik Media Reaksi Berubah .......................................................... 9
5.5. Reaktor Kombinasi ................................................................................. 9
5.5.1. Kombinasi Seri dan Paralel ........................................................... 10
5.5.2. Reaktor Tanki Seri ........................................................................ 10
5.6. Sistem Reaktor dengan Daur Ulang ...................................................... 10
5.7. Diskusi Kualitatif Tentang Distribusi Produk....................................... 10
5.8. Analisis Kuantitatif Reaksi Kompleks .................................................. 10
5.8.1. Reaksi Order Pertama Ireversibel dalam RAS .............................. 10
5.8.2. Reaksi Ser pada RTIK .................................................................. 10
5.8.3. Perolehan B Maksimum di Reaktor Aliran Sumbat .............. Error!
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BAB 6 Pengaruh Temperatur dan Neraca Energi ................................................ 11
6.1. Pengaruh Temperatur Pada Laju Reaksi ............................................... 11
6.1.1. Kelakuan Arrhenius dan Non Arrhenius ....................................... 11
6.1.2. Temperatur Optimal pada Reaktor Isotermal ............................... 11
6.2. Neraca Panas ......................................................................................... 11
6.3. Reaktor Tanki Ideal Non Isotermal ....................................................... 11
6.4. Reaktor Aliran Sumbat (Reaktor Pipa) Non Isotermal ......................... 11
6.5. Reaktor Partaian Non Isotermal ............................................................ 11
BAB 7 Reaktor Pipa Nyata dengan Aliran Laminer ............................................ 11
7.1. Isotermal, Aliran Laminar, Non-Difusional .......................................... 11
7.2. Difusi Massa Secara Konveksi ............................................................. 11
7.3. Profil Temperatur pada Aliran Laminarba ............................................ 11
7.4. Strategi Penyelesaian Secara Numerik ................................................. 11
7.4.1. Penghampiran Selisih Terhingga .................................................. 11
7.4.2. Metoda Semi Diskretasi Untuk Penyelesaian Persamaan
Diferensial Parsial ......................................................................................... 11
7.5. Aliran Pada Bidang Datar ..................................................................... 11
BAB 8 Reaktor Pipa Nyata dengan Aliran Turbulen ........................................... 11
8.1. Model Dispersi Aksial .......................................................................... 11
8.2. Penyelesaian Numerik .......................................................................... 11
8.3. Dispersi Aksial Non Isotermal .............................................................. 11
8.4. Reaktor Unggun Tetap .......................................................................... 11
.................................................................. 12
.................................................................. 12
..................................................................... 12
Tabel 1 .................................................................................................................. 13
Tabel 2 .................................................................................................................. 13
Tabel 3 .................................................................................................................. 13
Tabel 4 .................................................................................................................. 13
Tabel 5 .................................................................................................................. 13
Tabel 6 .................................................................................................................. 13
Tabel 7 .................................................................................................................. 13
Tabel 8 .................................................................................................................. 13
Tabel 9 .................................................................................................................. 13
Tabel 10 ................................................................................................................ 13
1.1. Pendahuluan
Industri kimia adalah industri yang menghasilkan produk/ bahan kimia yang
bernilai tambah tinggi, yang dihasilkan dari berbagai sumber daya alam sebagai
bahan bakunya.
Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi yang berkembang dalam industri kimia berkisar
pada perkembangan dalam transformasi kimia dari bahan, seperti misalnya
dalam bidang reaksi kimia yang meliputi perancangan dan operasi reaktor kimia
Derajat konversi sering digunakan para praktisi teknik kimia dalam mengevaluasi
unjuk kerja reaktor dibandingkan dengan derajat reaksi walaupun harga derajat
konversi untuk setiap komponen berbeda.
2.5. Konsentrasi
Konsentrasi komponen I dalam suatu system bervolum dinyatakan oleh :
ni
Ci
V
Gambar 2
Gambar 3
Tabel 1
Tabel 2
Tabel 3
Tabel 4
Tabel 5
Tabel 6
Tabel 7
Tabel 8
Tabel 9
Tabel 10