SISTEM KOMUNIKASI BERGERAK

Makalah ini disusun untuk memenuhi Tugas akhir pada Mata Kuliah

Sistem Komunikasi Bergerak

Oleh :

M. Alda Irwan Kurnia (061530330978)

Muhammad Berli Rizkiandi (061530330982)

Kelas : 4 TD

Dosen Pembimbing :

R.A. Halimatussadiyah, S.T., M. Kom.

JURUSAN TEKNIK ELEKTRO

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK TELEKOMUNIKASI

POLITEKNIK NEGERI SRIWIJAYA

2017

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 KATA PENGANTAR

Pertama-tama kami panjatkan puji syukur atas rahmat & ridho Allah SWT,
karena tanpa Rahmat & Ridho-Nya, kita tidak dapat menyelesaikan ringkasan
materi ini dengan baik dan selesai tepat waktu.
Tidak lupa kami ucapkan terima kasih kepada R.A. Halimatussadiyah,
S.T., M.Kom selaku dosen pengampu mata kuliah Sistem Komunikasi Bergerak
yang membimbing kami dalam pengerjaan tugas ringkasan ini. Dalam ringkasan
ini terdapat materi tentang Definisi Sejarah Sistem Komunikasi Bergerak sampai
dengan Review dan Desain Sistem Selular
Mungkin dalam pembuatan ringkasan ini terdapat kesalahan yang belum
kami ketahui. Karena keterbatasan pengetahuan maupun pengalaman kami,
kami yakin masih banyak kekurangan dalam ringkasan ini. Oleh karena itu
kami sangat mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang membangun dari pembaca
demi kesempurnaan makalah ini.
Akhir kata kami berharap semoga ringkasan tentang Sistem Komunikasi
Bergerak ini dapat memberikan manfaat maupun inpirasi terhadap pembaca.

Palembang, 6 Juli 2017

Penyusun

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 DAFTAR ISI

Halaman Judul.................................................................................................. i
Kata Pengantar ................................................................................................. ii
Daftar Isi........................................................................................................... iii
Daftar Gambar .................................................................................................. vii
Daftar Tabel ..................................................................................................... viii
BAB 1 DEFINISI DAN SEJARAH SISTEM KOMUNIKASI BERGERAK
1.1. Pengertian Dasar Sistem Komunikasi Bergerak ....................................... 1
1.2. Sejarah Singkat Sistem Komunikasi Bergerak ........................................ 2
1.3. Sistem Radio Panggil ................................................................................ 3
1.4. Telepon Bergerak ...................................................................................... 4
1.5. Sistem Telepon Nirkabel ........................................................................... 5
BAB 2 PERKEMBANGAN SISTEM KOMUNIKASI SELULER
2.1. Konsep Sistem Komunikasi Seluler .......................................................... 6
2.2. Sistem Seluler Generasi Pertama (1G) ...................................................... 7
2.2.1. Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) ..................................... 8
2.2.2. Total Access Communication System (TACS) .............................. 9
2.2.3. Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT).......................................... ..........9
2.2.4. Narrowband AMPS (NAMPS) ....................................................... 10
2.2.5. Mats-E ............................................................................................. 10
2.3. Sistem Seluler Generasi Kedua (2G) ........................................................ 14
2.3.1. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)........................ 15
2.3.2. North American TDMA (IS-136 TDMA) ...................................... 17
2.3.3. Extended TDMA (E-TDMA).......................................................... 17
2.3.4. Integrated Dispatch Enhanced Network (iDEN) ............................ 18
2.3.5. Code Division Multiple Access (IS-95 CDMA) ............................. 18
2.3.6. Japanese Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) ...................................... 19
2.4. Generasi Transisi (2.5G) ........................................................................... 19
2.5. Generasi 2.75G .......................................................................................... 19
2.6. Sistem Seluler Generasi Ketiga (3G) ........................................................ 20
2.7. Generasi 3.5G ............................................................................................ 22
2.8. Sistem Seluler Generasi Keempat (4G) .................................................... 22
BAB 3 SISTEM GSM
3.1. Sejarah Sistem GSM ................................................................................. 23
3.2. Spesifikasi Teknis GSM............................................................................ 25
3.3. Arsitektur Sistem GSM ............................................................................. 27
3.3.1. RSS (Radio Subsystem) .................................................................. 27
3.3.2. NSS (Network and Switching Subsystem) ..................................... 30
3.3.3. OSS (Operation and Maintenance Subsystem) ............................... 32
3.4. Jenis Kanal Pada GSM .............................................................................. 33
3.5. Interaksi Antar Elemen Dalam Penanganan Sistem ................................. 35

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BAB 4 PARAMETER DASAR SISTEM KOMUNIKASI BERGERAK
4.1. Frekuensi Re-Use ...................................................................................... 37
4.2. Hand Off / Handover (HO) ....................................................................... 37
4.3. Interferensi ................................................................................................ 40
4.4. Teknik Penyektoran / Sektorisasi .............................................................. 41
BAB 5 PROPAGASI SELULER
5.1. Model Propagasi Sistem Selular ............................................................... 42
5.2. Model Teoretis Sederhana......................................................................... 43
5.3. Propagasi Bumi ......................................................................................... 46
5.4. Rugi-Rugi Difraksi .................................................................................... 47
5.5. Model Prediksi Empiris ............................................................................ 48
5.5.1. Okumura Model .............................................................................. 49
5.5.2. Hatta and COST-231 Model ........................................................... 49
5.5.3. Okumura-Hatta Model .................................................................... 50
5.5.4. Model Lee ....................................................................................... 52
5.5.5. Egli Model ...................................................................................... 54
5.5.6. Blomquist-Laded Model ................................................................. 54
5.5.7. Alsebrook Model ............................................................................ 55
5.5.8. Ibrahim-Peterson Model ................................................................. 55
5.6. Path Loss Measurenment .......................................................................... 56
5.6.1. Aplikasi Dalam Diskusi Prediksi .................................................... 56
5.7. Jarak Jangkau BTS .................................................................................... 57
5.7.1. Perhitungan Jarak Jangkau RBS ..................................................... 58
5.8. Ringkasan .................................................................................................. 61
BAB 6 FADING DAN MITIGASI
6.1. Fading........................................................................................................ 62
6.2. Permasalahan Akibat Multipath ................................................................ 65
6.3. Multipath Fading ....................................................................................... 65
6.3. Delay Spread ............................................................................................. 66
6.4. Intersymbol Interference ........................................................................... 66
6.5. Doppler Dhift ............................................................................................ 66
6.6. Rayleigh Fading ........................................................................................ 67
6.7. Two-ray Rayleigh Fading ......................................................................... 69
6.8. Rake Receiver ........................................................................................... 70
BAB 7 MULTIPLE ACCESS DAN MODULASI
7.1. Pengertian Multiple Access....................................................................... 74
7.2. Sistem Duplexing ...................................................................................... 75
BAB 8 MODULASI
8.1. Pengertian Modulasi dan Jenis-jenisnya ................................................... 84
8.2. Modulasi Analog ....................................................................................... 85
8.2.1. Amplitudo Modulation (AM) ......................................................... 85
8.2.2. Frequency Modulation (FM) ........................................................... 85

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 8.2.3. Phase Modulation (PM) .................................................................. 85
8.3. Modulasi Digital ....................................................................................... 86
8.4. Amplitudo Shift Keying (ASK) ................................................................ 87
8.5. Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) ................................................................. 87
8.6. Phase Shift Keying (PSK) ......................................................................... 88
BAB 9 PREDIKSI KANAL DAN POWER CONTROL
9.1. Perumusan Masalah .................................................................................. 97
9.2. Pemecahan Masalah .................................................................................. 97
9.3. Masalah Pengendali Daya ......................................................................... 97
9.4. Kontrol Pengendali Algoritma .................................................................. 100
9.5. Estimator/Pengestimasian/Pengiraan SIR ................................................. 101
9.6. Performa BER Pada Kontrol Pengendali CDMA ..................................... 105
9.7. Kontrol Daya Dengan Prediktor Suara ..................................................... 109
9.8. Ringkasan/Kesimpulan ............................................................................. 111
BAB 10 KAPASITAS SISTEM SALURAN
10.1. Efisiensi Spektrum .................................................................................. 112
10.2. Kapasitas Radio Sistem Analog .............................................................. 112
10.3. Komunikasi Sistem Radio Digital ........................................................... 113
10.4. Alokasi Sistem Frekuensi........................................................................ 114
10.5. Management Frekuensi ........................................................................... 114
10.6. Pengalokasian Kanal ............................................................................... 115
10.7. Alokasi Kanal Sistem GSM .................................................................... 117
BAB 11 APLIKASI DAN STANDAR
11.1. Data Seluler ............................................................................................. 127
11.2. Mobitex / RAM Data Seluler .................................................................. 127
11.3. Advanced Radio Data Information Services (ARDIS) ........................... 128
11.4. Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) ..................................................... 129
11.5. GPRS ....................................................................................................... 131
11.6. Mobile IP ................................................................................................. 133
11.7. Third Generation Cellular Pendahuluan............................................... 134
BAB 12 REVIEW AND DESAIN SISTEM SELULAR
12.1. Sasaran Desain ........................................................................................ 137
12.2. Desain dan Konfigurasi Sel ..................................................................... 138
12.3. Perencanaan Trafik.................................................................................. 138
12.4. Parameter Transmisi ............................................................................... 139
12.5. Pendimensian Sel .................................................................................... 140
12.6. Konfigurasi Sel ....................................................................................... 141
12.7. Pendemensian Jaringan Akses ................................................................ 141
12.7.1. Spesifikasi Teknologi CDMA .................................................... 143
12.7.2. Spesifikasi Teknologi GSM ........................................................ 143
12.7.3. Spesifikasi Teknologi PHS ......................................................... 144
12.7.4. Spesifikasi Teknologi AMPS ..................................................... 144
12.7.5. Spesifikasi Teknologi D-AMPS ................................................. 145

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12.7.6. Spesifikasi Teknologi DECT ...................................................... 145

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 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1. Radio Panggil (Pager)................................................................. 3

Gambar 2.1. Konsep Seluler ............................................................................ 7
Gambar 2.2. Evolusi 3G ................................................................................... 21
Gambar 3.1. Arsitektur GSM ........................................................................... 27
Gambar 3.3. BTS ............................................................................................. 29
Gambar 3.4. Spectrum Band for Primary GSM ............................................... 33
Gambar 3.5. Kanal Fisik dan Kanal Logic ....................................................... 34
Gambar 4.1. Frekuensi Re-use ......................................................................... 37
Gambar 4.2. Handover ..................................................................................... 38
Gambar 4.3. Tipe Handover ............................................................................. 39
Gambar 5.1. Lee Model ................................................................................... 53
Gambar 6.1. Kondisi 1: Unit Penerima dalam keadaan diam .......................... 63
Gambar 6.2. Kondisi 2: Penerima dalam keadaan bergerak ............................ 64
Gambar 6.3. Kondisi 3: Penerima dalam keadaan bergerak ............................ 65
Gambar 6.4. Selubung Rayleigh Fading .......................................................... 68
Gambar 6.5. Fungsi Kerapatan Probabilitas Rayleigh ..................................... 69
Gambar 6.6. Model Two-Ray Rayleigh Fading ............................................... 70
Gambar 6.7. Implementasi M cabang RAKE Receiver ................................... 71
Gambar 7.1. Model Multiple Access ............................................................... 74
Gambar 7.2. Frequency Division Multiple Access .......................................... 76
Gambar 7.3. FDD/TDMA ................................................................................ 79
Gambar 11.1. Diagram Data Seluler ................................................................ 127
Gambar 11.2. Diagram arsitektur selular ......................................................... 128
Gambar 11.3. Daigram ARDIS Arsitektur Jaringan ..................................... 129
Gambar 11.4. CDPD Arsitektur Jaringan ..................................................... 130
Gambar 11.5. GPRS Arsitektur Jaringan ......................................................... 132
Gambar 11.6. Model OST ................................................................................ 133
Gambar 11.7. Model Internet Working ............................................................ 133
Gambar 11.8. Skema Mobile IP ....................................................................... 134
Gambar 12.1. Klasifikasi wilayah pada karakteristik propagasi ...................... 137
Gambar 12.2. Daerah Bandung dengan skala 1:200.000 ................................. 141

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 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1. Perbandingan Jangkauan untuk daerah metropolitan...................... 10

Tabel 2.2. Perbandingan jangkauan untuk kota kecil ...................................... 11
Tabel 2.3. Perbandingan jangkauan untuk daerah pedesaan ............................ 11
Tabel 2.4. Perbandingan berdasarkan kapasitas ............................................... 11
Tabel 2.5. Efisiensi spektrum pada URBAN CBD .......................................... 12
Tabel 2.6. Efisiensi spektrum oada Suburban .................................................. 12
Tabel 2.7. Efisiensi spektrum pada daerah Rural ............................................. 12
Tabel 2.8. Perbandingan Teknologi Generasi Kedua....................................... 15
Tabel 3.1. Spesifikasi Teknis GSM.................................................................. 26
Tabel 3.2. Spesifikasi Radio GSM 900 dan GSM 1800 .................................. 28
Tabel 12.1. Tipe Daerah Data Umum ........................................................... 139
Tabel 12.2. Tipe Daerah Arah Uplink ........................................................... 140
Tabel 12.3. Pemetaan Sel masing-masing daerah ............................................ 141
Tabel 12.4. Pendemensian Jaringan Akses ...................................................... 142
Tabel 12.5. Erlang B ........................................................................................ 142

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 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

https://www.slideshare.net/ampas03/bab-2-arsitektur-sistem-komunikasi-bergerak
(Diakses pada tanggal 5 juli 2017)

https://www.academia.edu/11314010/Sistem_Komunikasi_Bergerak (Diakses
pada tanggal 5 juli 2017)

http://pemogramanbascom.blogspot.co.id/2010/09/sistem-komunikasi-bergerak-
gsm.html (Diakses pada tanggal 5 juli 2017)

https://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=19&cad
=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj-
s86blvbUAhXDF5QKHdIxD3U4ChAWCEcwCA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fsinauo
nline.50webs.com%2FGSM%2Fwcdma.html&usg=AFQjCNF8GNbG133QWiH4
0HRM-0XjXFjRMg (Diakses pada tanggal 5 juli 2017)

https://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=20&cad
=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj-
s86blvbUAhXDF5QKHdIxD3U4ChAWCE0wCQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Freposit
ory.usu.ac.id%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F30675%2F5%2FChapter%2520I.p
df&usg=AFQjCNGRI0fEOp6CtlMy2-m_dAnEz7DTqA (Diakses pada tanggal 5
juli 2017)

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