Pendidikan lingkungan adalah pendidikan interdisipliner yang menekankan sikap, Drug addiction among pregnant women

keahlian dan keaktifan tidak hanya pengetahuan dan kemampuan jangka pendek High birth rate among teenagers
(Braus 1995) Migration Affects an Areas Population Size
Economic improvement
"llmu lingkungan adalah ilmu inter-disiplincr untuk mengukur dan menilai pcrubahan Religious freedom
dan dampak kegiatan manusia terhadap ekosistem; sedemikian rupa sehingga manusia Political freedom
dapat mengelola ekosistem tersebut demi kelulushidupan (survival)-nya sendiri" Wars
(Johnson 19ZZ)i, - " _ / Environmental refugees
How Does a Populations Age Structure Affect Its Growth or Decline?.
Daya Dukung Lingkungan: Concept 3 The numbers of males and females in young, middle, and older
Jumlah maksimum organisme yang kehidupannya dapat didukungoleh suatu age groups determine how fast a population grows or declines.
Iingkungan (lokal, regional, global) dalam suatu kurunwaktu tertentu. How Can We Slow Human Population Growth?
Concept 4 Experience indicates that the most effective ways to slow human
Daya dukung dapat bervariasi, bergantung kepada: population growth are to encourage family planning, to reduce poverty,
1. Iokasi and to elevate the status of women
2. waktu Increasing the Worlds Food Supply..How?
3. jenis teknologi yang digunakan dalam memanfaatkan 1.Green Revolution 1970s The introduction of high yielding varieties of
wheat and rice in Asia doubled or tripled yields but with environmental
MENGA TASI PERMASALAHAN LINGKUNGAN: and social consequences
1. Anallsls Ilmlah: mengumpulkan informasl & melakukan penelltlan untuk w Criticisms of the Green Revolution
membuat model yang menjelaskan kejadlan dan meramalkan kejadlan yang Green Revolution hasnt alleviated hunger
akan datang. Contoh: meramalkan perubahan cuaca global. Economic power, land controlled by few
2. Analisls Rlsiko: menganallsls dan memperklra-kan pengaruh potenslal darl Technology benefits wealthy
suatu aksl atau keglatan. Therefore Green Revolution increases inequity
Contoh: Anallsls mengenal dampak Ilngkungan. More hunger AND more food at same time
3. Pendldlkan Masyarakat: mensoslalisaslkan informasl tentang permasalahan, Food Insecurity of poor not addressed
berikut alternatif pemecahannya. Cash Crops: food flows from the poor and hungry nations to the rich
Contoh: penyuluhan, lklan pelayanan masyarakat, pendldlkan dl sekolah. and well-fed nations
4. Penentuan kebiiakan: Peranserta masyarakat dalam menentukan kebijakan Green Revolution not sustainable
dengan melakukan kontrol terhadap keadaan Iingkungan sebagai akibat destroys resource base on which agriculture depends
pembangunan. 2.Genetic Manipulation: GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)
Contoh: peran LSM & masyarakat umum. a. Increased yields
5. Pemantauan: memantau keglatan yang dllakukan dl Iapangan; mellhat dan menllal b. Decrease the need for pesticides
apakah masalah telah terselesalkan dan memperbalkl permodelan atas masalah c. Neutracueticals
tsb. d.Frankenfoods
Contoh: peran Iembaga pemerlntah, LSM (kasus Freeport, Indorayon dll.) e. Environmental consequences
3. Land Area
The Human Population and Its Impact Major Environmental Effects of Food Production
We do not know how long we can continue increasing the earths carrying Air
capacity for humans without seriously degrading the life-support system for Greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels
humans and many other species. Other air pollutants and particulates from fossil fuels
Reasons for human population increase Pollution from pesticide sprays
Movement into new habitats and climate zones Soil
Early and modern agriculture methods Erosion
Control of infectious diseases through Loss of fertility
Sanitation systems Salinization
Antibiotics Waterlogging
Vaccines Desertification
What Factors Influence the Size of the Human Population? - Pollution by pesticides
Concept 2A Population size increases because of births and immigration Water
and decreases through deaths and emigration. Aquifer depletion
Concept 2B The average number of children born to women in a Increased runoff and flooding from land cleared to grow
population (total fertility rate) is the key factor that determines population crops
size. Fish kills from pesticide runoff
Several Factors Affect Birth Rates and Fertility Rates Surface and groundwater pollution from pesticides and
Children as part of the labor force fertilizers
Cost of raising and educating children Over fertilization of lakes >> eutrophication
Availability of private and public pension Biodiversity Loss
Urbanization Loss and degradation of habitat from clearing grasslands
Educational and employment opportunities for women and forests and draining wetlands
Infant mortality rate Fish kills from pesticide runoff
Average age of a woman at birth of first child Killing of wild predators to protect live stock
Availability of legal abortions Loss of genetic diversity from replacing thousands of wild
Availability of reliable birth control methods crop strains with a few monoculture strains
Religious beliefs, traditions, and cultural norms Human Health
Several Factors Affect Death Rates E. Coli contamination of meat
Life expectancy Pesticide residues in drinking water, food, and air
Infant mortality rate Contamination of drinking and swimming water with
Why are people living longer and fewer infants dying? disease organisms from livestock wastes
Increased food supply and distribution 4. Food from the Sea
Better nutrition History.Malthusian dilemma
Medical advances Reverend Thomas R. Malthus, writing in 1798 gained fame for what he called the
Improved sanitation principle of population
U.S. infant mortality rate high due to a. His concept was that food supplies could only increase arithmetically but
Inadequate health care for poor women during pregnancy and populations would increase geometrically
their infants
 b. Economic principle based on the Law of Diminishing Returns The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol adopted at COP3 (the third Conference
increasing labor to a fixed amount of land of Parties) to seriously tackle climate change, the agenda addressed in the
C. 200 years later both population and food supplies have increased Framework Convention in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, with stronger and more
geometrically Why? clear-cut and specific commitments. The Kyoto Protocol obliges its
signatories from the advance countries to reduce their GHG emission gases
Major Air Pollutants and Their Sources by a certain amount from the 1990 level by 2008-2012: (Japan 6%, USA 7%,
Suspended particulate matter EU8 %). To make the above reduction targets come true, the Protocol
Volatile organic compounds introduced innovative mechanisms. Japan ratified the Protocol June 4,
Carbon monoxide 2002, and 152 other countries including the EU followed suit (as of August 2,
Nitrogen oxides 2005). With the Russian ratification that followed, the Kyoto Protocol
Sulfur oxides finally came into force February 16, 2005.
Heavy metals Target
Ozone Japan made a commitment in the Protocol to reduce GHGs by 6% from the
Air toxics 1990 level by 2010. We will make every effort to make it happen. And we
Primary pollutants derived directly from burning fuels and wastes will not stop there but will continue to combat Global Warning by further
Particulates reducing GHG emissions, without interruptions and for many years to come.
Hydrocarbons Guiding Principle
Carbon monoxide Put the plan into action in a way that achieves a good balance between
Nitrogen oxides environment and economy.
Sulfur dioxides Develop green technologies.
Secondary air pollutants derive from reactions that occur between primary Get each and every stakeholder involved and get them to work together
pollutants and other atmospheric chemicals for common interests to save the Planet Earth to save ourselves. (national
Ozone movement, information sharing and dissemination)
PANs Take whatever political measures available.
Acids: sulfuric and nitric Put a milestone-based performance management in place so that progress
Impacts of Air Pollutants on Human Health and position may be evaluated and reviewed at critical point on our way to
Chronic: gradual deterioration of a variety of physiological functions over a achieving the targets.
period of years, example: lead poisoning Work together with global communities.
Acute: life-threatening reactions within a period of hours or days, death
example Bhopal, India The Ocean Conveyor System
Carcinogenic: cancer-causing, example: lung cancer Thermohaline circulation: effects that temperature and salinity have on
Impacts of Air Pollutants on the Environment density of water
Plants Conveyor system moves water masses from the surface to deep
Necrotic: kills plant cells oceans and back again
Chlorotic: destroys chlorophyll, reducing photosynthesis Cool northern waters more dense and sink to depths of 4,000 m
Increases susceptibility to disease and pests = North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)
Forests Deep water spreads southward to south Africa and joined by
Leaching of nutrients cold Antarctic waters
Release of aluminum into solution Spread northward into Indian and Pacific oceans as deep
Rapid changes in soil chemistry currents
Reduced growth and diebacks of plants and animals Current slows down, warms up, becomes less dense, rises to the
Materials surface, and moves back to North Atlantic
Loss of color Produces a warm climate in Europe
Oxidation Factors that could alter the conveyor system
Corrosion Appearance of unusually large quantities of freshwater melting
Decreased real estate values icebergs
Effects of Acid Deposition Global warming
Alteration of plant and animal reproduction Factors Affecting Global Temperatures
Leaching of other toxic elements, e.g., aluminum Cloud cover: cooling
Eutrophic to oligotrophic conditions Changes in Suns intensity: cooling or warming
Total loss of biota from aquatic ecosystems Volcanic activity: cooling
Alterations of food chains Sulfate aerosols: cooling
Title IV Clean Air Act 1990 Impacts of Global Warming
Reduce SO emissions 50% below 1980 levels Melting of polar ice caps
Improve methods of reducing SO emissions Flooding of coastal areas
Allow emissions allowances and trading Massive migrations of people inland
Emissions purchases Alteration of rainfall patterns
Reduce NO emissions Deserts becoming farmland and farmland becoming deserts
Industrys Response to Title IV Significant losses in crop yields
Fuel switching Reducing CO2 Emissions (True or False)
Scrubbers Reducing use of fossil fuels
Emissions allowance trading Adopt a wait-and-see attitude
Using low-sulfur coals Develop alternative energy sources
The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, The Kyoto Protocol Plant trees
The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Examine other possible causes of global warming
Against the backdrop of the ever-increasing greenhouse gas (carbon Make and enforce energy conservation rules
dioxide, methane) density in the atmosphere, which has caused global Rely on the government
temperatures to rise to a level where it threatens the sustainability of Adopt the precautionary principle
ecosystem and species, calling for immediate actions to put an end to this Raise the minimum driving age to 18 years
trend and stabilize greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere, a
treaty called the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change was
produced at the Earth Summit (the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development (UNCED)) in Rio de Janeiro and opened for
signature in 1992. The Convention entered into force in 1994. 188 countries
including Japan and the EU signed the treaty (as of May 2004).
The Kyoto Protocol