DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Achmad, S.A. 2004. Kimia Bahan Alam Suatu Pendekatan

Untuk Memahami Potensi Keanekaragaman Hayati
Dalam Bioindustri. Seminar Nasional IKAHIMKI
Universitas Airlangga. Penerbit ITB. Bandung.
Astuti, Maria. D. 2008. Biflavonoid dan Benzofenon dari
Kayu Batang Garcinia picrorhiza Miq. Tesis. Kimia
FMIPA-ITS. Surabaya.
Attaur-Rachman, Choudary, I. 2001. Bioassay Techniques
for Drug Development. Harwood Academic
Publisher. Amsterdam.
Azwar. 2009. Aktivitas Antimalaria Senyawa Biflavonoid
dari Kayu Batang Garcinia nigrolineata (Kandis
Keling). Tesis. Kimia FMIPA-ITS. Surabaya.
Blaise, A.G. dan Meyer, M. 2006. Prenylated Xanthones
Derivatives with Antiplasmodial Activity from
Allanblackia Monticola STANER L.C. . Chem
Pharm Bull 54, 1, 111-113.
Cannel, R. J. P. 1998. Natural Products Isolation. Humana
Press. New Jersey.
Ciccia, G., Cousiio, J., Mongelli, E. 2000. Insecticidal
Activity Againts Aedes aegypti larvae of Some
Medicinal South American Plants. Journal of
Ethnopharmacology 72, 185-189.
Desjardins, R. E., Canfield, C.J., Haynes, J.D. dan Chulay,
J.D. 1979. Quantitative Assessment of Antimalarial
Activity In Vitro by a Semiautomated Microdilution
Technique. Antimicrobial Agents And
Chemothezray, 16, 6, 710-718.
Duke, S.O. 1990. Natural Pesticides from Plants. http:
www.hort .purdue. Edu/newcrop/proceedings
1990/V1-511.html.

59
60

Ersam, T. 2001. Senyawa Kimia Mikromolekul beberapa

Tumbuhan Artocarpus Hutan Tropika Sumatera
Barat. Disertasi PPs. ITB. Bandung.
Farnsworth, N.R. 1996. Biological and Phytochemical
Screnning of Plants. J. Pharm 55(3), 226-227.
Grazul, Magdalena., Budzisz, Elzbieta. 2009. Biological
Activity of Metal Ions Complexes of Chromones,
Coumarins and Flavones. Coordination Chemistry
Reviews 253, 2588-2598.
Gunawan H., Nuri, Arwati H., Widyawaruyanti A., Safrudin,
Dachln YP, Zaini.NC. 2006. Hambatan
Perkembangan Stadium Plasmodium falciparum
Akibat Pemberian Isolat Sikloheterofilin dari Kulit
Batang Arcocarpus chempeden Spreng. Majalah
Kedokteran Tropis Indonesia 17, 3: 816.
Hansch, Corwin., Lien, E. J., Helmer, Friederike. 1963.
Structure-Activity Correlations in the Metabolism of
Drugs. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
128, 319-330.
Heyne, K. 1987. Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia. Jilid III.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan,
Departemen Kehutanan. Jakarta, 13871388.
Ignatushchenko, MV, Winter. RW, Bachinger. HP, Hinrichs.
DJ, Riscoe. MK. 1997. Xanthones as antimalarial
Agents Studies of a Possible Mode of Action. FEBS
Lettetrs 409, 67-73.

Imam, S. 2007. Kajian Senyawa Santon dan Benzofenon dari

Ekstrak Etil Asetat Kulit Batang G.picrorizha Miq
sebagai Antimalaria. Tesis. Penerbit ITS. Surabaya.
Indarti, Reny. 2008. Santon dan Biflavonoid Dari Kulit Kayu
Batang Garcinia xanthochymus(Asam Kandis) dan
Aktivitas Antimalaria. Tesis. Kimia FMIPA-ITS.
Surabaya.
Iwo, Maria Immaculata. 1996. Efek Antimalaria Falciparum
In Vitro dan Mekanisme Kerja Ekstrak Metanol dan
 61

Fraksi Kloroform Korteks Alstonia scolaris (L.) R. Br.

Dan Daun Cassia siamea Lamk. Serta Toksisitas dan
Isolasi Alkaloid dari Korteks Alstonia scolaris (L.) R.
Br. Disertasi Doktor. Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Bandung.
Jiang. RW, Ye. WC, Woo. KY, Du. J, Che, But PPH, Mak.
TCW. 2002. Molecular Structures and - Interaction
of some Flavonoid and Biflavonoid. Journal of
Molecular Structure 642, 77-84.
Kaur, Kirandeep., Jain, Meenakshi., Kaur, Tarandeep., Jain,
Rahul. 2009. Antimalarials from Nature. Review.
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 17, 3229-3296.
Khaomek, Pranorn., Ichino, Chikara., Ishiyama, Aki., et al.
2008. In vitro antimalarial activity of prenylated
flavonoids from Erythrina fusca. J. Nat Med 62, 217-
220.
Kristanti, Alfinda Novi., dkk. 2008. Buku Ajar Fitokimia.
Airlangga University Press. Surabaya.
Kumar, S., Guha, M., Choubey, V., Maity, P., dan
Bandyopadhyay, U. 2006. Antimalarial Drugs
Inhibiting Hemozoin (-hematin) Formation: A
Mechanistic Update. Life Science 80, 813-828.
Markham, K. R. 1988. Cara Mengidentifikasi Flavonoid.
ITB. Bandung.
Meyer, Laughlin, Ferrigini. 1982. Brine Shrimp: Convenient
General Bioassay for Active Constituent. Planta
Medica 45, 31 34.
Morita, H., Takahasi, Y., Noguchi, H., Abe, I. 2000.
Enzimatic Formation of Natural aromatic poliketide
by chalcone Synthase. Biochemical and Biophysical
Research Communikation 279, 190-195.
Mustofa. 2003. Naturally Occuring Antimalarial Molecules :
The Potency and Problems in The development of
New Drug For Malaria. Majalah Obat Tradisional.
Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta. 8 (26), 8-18.
62

Najiyah, Ati. 2008. Isolasi Biflavonoid Dari Ekstrak Etil

Asetat Kayu Batang Garcinia celebica Linn. Tesis.
ITS FMIPA Jurusan Kimia. Surabaya.
Nindatu, Maria. 2008. Efek Antimalaria senyawa Flavonoid
Kulit Batang Cempedak (Artocarpus Chempeden
Spreng) pada Morfologi dan Aktivitas Biokimiawi
Parasit Malaria. Program Pascasarjana. Universitas
Airlangga. Surabaya.
Olliaro, P.L. dan Goldberg, D.E. 1995. The Plasmodium
Digestive Vacuole : Metabolic Headquarters and
Choice Drug Target. Parasitology Today 11(8), 294-
297.
Ouattara,Y., Sanon, S., Traore, Y., Mahiou, V., Azas, N. Dan
Sawadogo,L. 2006. Antimalarial Activity of Swartzia
madagascariensis Desv. (Leguminosae), Combretum
glutinosum Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) and
Tinospora bakis Miers (Menispermaceae). Burkina
Faso Medicinal Plants. Afr. Trad. CAM 3 , 5-81.
Rita. 2009. Filum-Protozoa. http://jalaninvertebrata.
Blogspot.com.
Rosenthal, P.J., McKerrow, J.H., Aikawa, M., Nagasawa, H.
Dan Leech, J.H. 1988. A Antimalarial Cysteine
Proteinase Is Necessary for Hemoglobin Degradation
by Plasmodium falciparum. Journal of Clinical
Investigation 82, 1560-1566.
Sari, R. Dan Hanan, A. 2000. Garcinia (Clusiaceae) di Kebun
Raya Bogor : Fisiognomi, Keragaman dan Potensi.
Prosiding Seminar Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa
Nasional. 5 November 2000. Kebun Raya Bogor.
Saxena, S., Pant, N. 2003. Antimalarial Agents from Plant
Sources. Current Science 85, 1314-1329.
Sun, Shaofang., Chen, Weijun., Cao, Wei., Zhang, Fenyang.,
Song, Jirong., Tian, Chengrui. 2008. Research on the
Chelation Between Quercetin and Cr(III) Ion by
 63

Density Funcional Theory (DFT) Method. Journal of

Molecular Structure : THEOCHEM 860, 40-44.
Sulistiyaningrum, Novi. 2008. Biflavonoid dari Kayu Batang
Tumbuhan Wadung (Garcinia Tetranda Pierre).
Tesis. Kimia FMIPA-ITS. Surabaya.
Trager,W., Jensen, J.B. 1976. Human malaria parasites in
continuous culture. Science 193, 673675.
Trigg P.I., A.V. Kondrachine. 1998. The Current Global
Malaria Situation, In Irwin W. Sherman, Malaria
Parasite Biologi, Phatogenesis and Protection. ASM
Press. Washington DC, 1998, pp, 11-22.
Waterman, P. G. Dan Crichton, E. G. 1980. Xanthones and
Biflavonoids From G. Densivenia Stem Bark.
Phytochemistry 19, 2723-2724.
Weniger, B., Vonthron-Senecheau, C., Kaiser, M., Brun, R.,
Anton, R. 2006. Comparative Antiplasmodial,
Leishmanicidal and Antitrypanosomal Activities of
several Biflavonoids. Phytomedicine 13, 176180.
Widianti, Andika., Suhardjono. 2009. Uji Toksisitas Akut
Ekstrak Etanol Buah Cabai Rawit (Capsicum
frutescens) Terhadap Larva Artemia salina Leach
Dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST).
Tugas Akhir. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas
Diponegoro. Semarang
Widyawaruyanti, A. 2007. Phenolics from Hull of Garcinia
mangostana Fruit and Their antioxidant Activities.
Disertasi. Program Pascasarjana Universitas
Airlangga. Surabaya.
64

Halaman ini sengaja dikosongkan