Teddy (6200086) Ekstraksi Minyak Biji Alpukat

3(1*$58+-(1,63(/$587'$1.
(&(3$7$1
3(1*$'8.$17(5+$'$3+$6,/(.675$.6,
0,1<$.%,-,$/38.$76(&$5$6(0,.217,18
/DSRUDQ3HQHOLWLDQ
'LVXVXQXQWXNPHPHQXKLWXJDVDNKLUJXQDPHQFDSDLJHODU
VDUMDQDGLELGDQJ,OPXWHNQLN.LPLD
ROHK
7HGG\
3HPELPELQJ
3URI'U,JQ6XKDUWR,U$38
6XVLDQD3UDVHW\R667
-8586$17(.1,..,0,$
)$.8/7$67(.12/2*,,1'8675,
81,9(56,7$6.$72/,.3$5$+<$1*$1
%$1'81*

/(0%$53(1*(6$+$1
-8'8/ 3(1*$58+-(1,63(/$587'$1.(&(3$7$13(1*$'8.$1
7(5+$'$3+$6,/(.675$.6,0,1<$.%,-,$/38.$76(&$5$
6(0,.217,18
&$7$7$1
7HODKGLSHULNVDGDQGLVHWXMXL
%DQGXQJ -XQL %DQGXQJ -XQL

3HPELPELQJ8WDPD .RSHPELPELQJ
3URI'U,JQ6XKDUWR,U$38 6XVLDQD3UDVHW\R667
-XUXVDQ7HNQLN.LPLD
)DNXOWDV7HNQRORJL,QGXVWUL
8QLYHUVLWDV.DWROLN3DUDK\DQJDQ%DQGXQJ
685$73(51<$7$$1
6D\D\DQJEHUWDQGDWDQJDQGLEDZDKLQL
1DPD 7HGG\
130
'HQJDQLQLPHQ\DWDNDQEDKZD/DSRUDQ3HQHOLWLDQGHQJDQMXGXO
3(1*$58+3(5%$1',1*$1-80/$+3(/$587'(1*$1
%,-,$/38.$7'$15$6,25(&<&/(7(5+$'$3+$6,/
(.675$.6,0,1<$.%,-,$/38.$76(&$5$6(0,
.217,180(1**81$.$13(/$5871+(.6$1$
$GDODKKDVLOSHNHUMDDQVD\DGDQVHOXUXKLGHSHQGDSDWDWDXPDWHULGDULVXPEHUODLQ
WHODKGLNXWLSGHQJDQFDUDSHQXOLVDQUHIHUHQVL\DQJVHVXDL
3HUQ\DWDDQ LQL VD\D EXDW GHQJDQ VHEHQDUEHQDUQ\D GDQ MLND SHUQ\DWDDQ LQL WLGDN
VHVXDL GHQJDQ NHQ\DWDDQ PDND VD\D EHUVHGLD PHQDQJJXQJ VDQNVL SHUDWXUDQ \DQJ
EHUODNX
%DQGXQJ-XQL
7HGG\

.$7$3(1*$17$5
3XML V\XNXU SHQXOLV SDQMDWNDQ NHSDGD 7XKDQ <DQJ 0DKD (VD DWDV NDVLK
NDUXQLD GDQ SLPSLQDQ 1\D VHODPD SHQXOLV PHPEXDW /DSRUDQ 3HQHOLWLDQ /DSRUDQ
SHQHOLWLDQ LQL GLVXVXQ XQWXN PHPHQXKL VDODK VDWX SHUV\DUDWDQ XQWXN PHQGDSDWNDQ
JHODUVDUMDQDGL-XUXVDQ7HNQLN.LPLD8QLYHUVLWDV.DWROLN3DUDK\DQJDQ%DQGXQJ
/DSRUDQ SHQHOLWLDQ LQL PHUXSDNDQ GDWDGDWD \DQJ GLSHUROHK GDUL OLWHUDWXU GDQ
KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ \DQJ GDSDW GLJXQDNDQ VHEDJDL GDVDU XQWXN PHQFDUL KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ
/DSRUDQ SHQHOLWLDQ LQL EHULVL WHQWDQJ ODWDU EHODNDQJ VDPSDL GHQJDQ KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ
\DQJDNDQGLODNXNDQROHKSHQXOLVWHQWDQJHNVWUDNVLPLQ\DNELMLDOSXNDWVHFDUDVHPL
NRQWLQX
3HQXOLVEDQ\DNPHPSHUROHKEDQWXDQVHFDUDODQJVXQJPDXSXQWLGDNODQJVXQJ
GDULEHUEDJDLSLKDNGDODPPHQ\XVXQ ODSRUDQLQL2OHKNDUHQDLWXSDGDNHVHPSDWDQLQL
SHQXOLVPHQJXFDSNDQWHULPDNDVLKNHSDGD
3URI'U,U,JQ6XKDUWR$38VHODNXGRVHQSHPELPELQJXWDPD
6XVLDQD3UDVHW\R667VHODNXFRSHPELPELQJ
2UDQJWXDGDQNHOXDUJDDWDVGXNXQJDQ\DQJGLEHULNDQ
7HPDQWHPDQ\DQJWHODKEDQ\DNPHPEDQWXGDODPSHQJHUMDDQ
3HUSXVWDNDDQ ,QVWLWXW 7HNQRORJL %DQGXQJ ,7% /HPEDJD ,OPX 3HQJHWDKXDQ
,QGRQHVLD /,3, %DQGXQJ GDQ ,QVWLWXW 3HUWDQLDQ %RJRU ,3% \DQJ WHODK
PHQ\HGLDNDQOLWHUDWXU\DQJGLSHUOXNDQ
6HPXDSLKDN\DQJWLGDNGDSDWGLVHEXWNDQVDWXSHUVDWX
3HQXOLV PHQ\DGDUL EDKZD ODSRUDQ SHQHOLWLDQ LQL PDVLK SHUOX GLVHPSXUQDNDQ ROHK
NDUHQD LWX SHQXOLV PHQJKDUDSNDQ VDUDQ GDQ NULWLN \DQJ EHUVLIDW PHPEDQJXQ XQWXN
PHPEDQWXSHQ\HPSXUQDDQODSRUDQSHQHOLWLDQLQL
%DQGXQJ-XQL
3HQXOLV
'$)7$5,6,
+DODPDQ-XGXO L
/HPEDU3HQJHVDKDQLL
/HPEDU3ODJLDW LLL
.DWD3HQJDQWDU LY
'DIWDU,VLY
'DIWDU*DPEDU L[
'DIWDU7DEHO[
,QWLVDUL[L
$EVWUDFW [LL
%$%, 3(1'$+8/8$1

/DWDU%HODNDQJ
7HNQRORJL
7HPD6HQWUDO0DVDODK
,GHQWLILNDVL0DVDODK
3UHPLV
+LSRWHVLV
7XMXDQ3HQHOLWLDQ
0DQIDDW3HQHOLWLDQ
%$%,, 7,1-$8$13867$.$

7DQDPDQ$OSXNDW
%XQJD
%XDK
%LML
6HOHNVL3URVHV
5DV0HNVLNR
5DV*XDWHPDOD
5DV+LQGLD%DUDW
9DULHWDV$OSXNDW
9DULHWDV8QJJXO
9DULHWDV/DLQ
0DQIDDW$OSXNDW
0LQ\DN1DEDWL
6WUXNWXUGDQ.RPSRVLVL0LQ\DN
$VDP/HPDN
$VDP/HPDN-HQXK
$VDP/HPDN7DN-HQXK
0HWRGH3HQJDPELODQ0LQ\DN'DUL%LML%XDK
3HQJHPSDDQ0HNDQLN
(NVWUDNVL3HODUXW
3HPLOLKDQ3HODUXWGDODP3URVHV(NVWUDNVL
0HWRGH3HUVLDSDQ%LMLXQWXN(NVWUDNVL
3HPEHUVLKDQ%LML
3HQJHOXSDVDQGDQ 3HPLVDKDQ.XOLW%LML
3HQJJLOLQJDQ%LML
3HPDQDVDQDWDX3HPDVDNDQ
3HPLVDKDQ0LQ\DNGDQ/HPDNGDUL3HODUXW'LVWLODVL
'LVWLODVL%DWFK
'LVWLODVL.RQWLQX
3HQJRODQ/HPDNGDQ0LQ\DNVHWHODKSHPLVDKDQ
$QDOLVLV%LODQJDQ$VDP
$QDOLVLV%LODQJDQ,RG
$QDOLVLV%LODQJDQ3HURNVLGD
$QDOLVLV%LODQJDQ3HQ\DEXQDQ
%$%,,, %$+$1'$10(72'2/2*,3(1(/,7,$1

%DKDQ
%DKDQ%DNX
%DKDQ3HQXQMDQJ
%DKDQ$QDOLVLV
3HUDODWDQ
3HUDODWDQ8WDPD
3HUDODWDQ(NVWUDNVL
3HUDQJNDW'LVWLODVL
3HUDODWDQ3HQXQMDQJ
5DQFDQJDQ3HUFREDDQ
3URVHGXU3HQHOLWLDQ
3HUVLDSDQ%LML$OSXNDW
3HQHOLWLDQ3HQGXKXOXDQ
3HQHOLWLDQ8WDPD
5HQFDQD.HUMD3HQHOLWLDQ
%$%,9 +$6,/3(1(/,7,$1'$13(0%$+$6$1

3HQHOLWLDQ3HQGDKXOXDQ
3HQHOLWLDQ8WDPD
3HODNVDQDDQ3HQHOLWLDQ
3HQJDUXK EHUDW ELML DOSXNDW GHQJDQ EHUDW SHODUXW GDQ UDVLR
UHF\F\OHWHUKDGDSSHUROHKDQPLQ\DN
UHF\F\OHWHUKDGDSELODQJDQDVDP
UHF\F\OHWHUKDGDSELODQJDQSHQ\DEXQDQ
UHF\F\OHWHUKDGDSELODQJDQLRGLQ
3HUEDQGLQJDQKDVLODQDOLVLVGHQJDQOLWHUDWXU
%$%9 .(6,038/$1

'DIWDU3XVWDND
/DPSLUDQ$$QDOLVLV
/DPSLUDQ%7DEHO'LVWULEXVL)GDQ7
/DPSLUDQ&+DVLO3HQHOLWLDQ
/DPSLUDQ'+DVLO$QWDUD
/DPSLUDQ($QDOLVLV9DULDQ
/DPSLUDQ)*UDILN
'$)7$5*$0%$5
*DPEDU%XQJD7DQDPDQ$OSXNDW
*DPEDU5HDNVL3HPEHQWXNDQ7ULJOLVHULGD
*DPEDU5DQWDL.DUERQ$VDP/HPDN-HQXK
*DPEDU5DQWDL.DUERQ$VDP/HPDN7DN-HQXK
*DPEDU.DQGXQJDQPLQ\DNELMLDOSXNDW
*DPEDU %LML$OSXNDWVHEHOXPGLNXSDV
*DPEDU %LML$OSXNDWVHWHODKGLNXSDV
*DPEDU (NVWUDNWRU
*DPEDU3HUDQJNDW'LVWLODVL
*DPEDU 'LDJUDPDOLUSHQHQWXDQZDNWXNHVHWLPEDQJDQ
*DPEDU 'LDJUDPDOLUSHQHOLWLDQ8WDPD
*DPEDU.XUYDZDNWXNHVHWLPEDQJDQ)6
*DPEDU'LDJUDPEHUDWVDPSHO
'$)7$57$%(/
7DEHO -XPODKSRKRQGDQSURGXNVLWRQDOSXNDWGL-DZDPHQXUXWWDKXQ

7DEHO.RPSRVLVLEXDKDOSXNDWSHUJUDP
7DEHO.DUDNWHULVWLNOHPDNELMLDOSXNDW
7DEHO.RPSRVLVLDVDPOHPDNPLQ\DNELMLDOSXNDW
7DEHO6LIDWDOSXNDWLMRGDQDOSXNDWLMREXQGDU
7DEHO3HUEHGDDQDQWDUDSHQJHPSDDQPHNDQLNGDQHNVWUDNVLSHODUXW
7DEHO7DEHO$QRYD5DQFREXWDPD
7DEHO $QDOLVLVYDULDQUDQFDQJDQSHUFREDDQSHQHOLWLDQXWDPD
7DEHO -DGZDONHUMDSHQHOLWLDQ
7DEHO:DNWX.HVHWLPEDQJDQ
7DEHO5DWDUDWDSHUROHKDQPLQ\DNJU
7DEHO7DEHO$QRYD)SHUROHKDQPLQ\DN
7DEHO5DWDUDWDELODQJDQDVDP
7DEHO5DWDUDWDELODQJDQSHQ\DEXQDQ
7DEHO5DWDUDWDELODQJDQ,RGLQ
7DEHO3HUEDQGLQJDQOLWHUDWXUGDQKDVLOSHQHOLWLDQ
,QWLVDUL
7XMXDQ SHQHOLWLDQ LQL DGDODK PHPSHODMDUL SHQJDUXK UDVLR UHF\FOH

SHUEDQGLQJDQMXPODKSHODUXWGHQJDQELMLDOSXNDWWHUKDGDSSHUROHKDQHNVWUDNVLPLQ\DN
ELML DOSXNDW 6HODLQ LWX SDGD SHQHOLWLDQ LQL PHPSHODMDUL LQWHUDNVL \DQJ WHUMDGL DQWDUD
IDNWRU UDVLR UHF\FOH GDQ SHUEDQGLQJDQ MXPODK SHODUXW GHQJDQ ELML DOSXNDW \DQJ
GLJXQDNDQ GDODP HNVWUDNVL SDGD SHUROHKDQ HNVWUDNVL PLQ\DN ELML DOSXNDW 0DQIDDW
GLSHUROHK EDJL PDKDVLVZD DGDODK PHQDPEDK ZDZDVDQ PHQJHQDL SHQJDUXK GDQ
NRQGLVL RSWLPXP YDULDEHO SHUEDQGLQJDQ EHUDW ELML DOSXNDW GHQJDQ EHUDW SHODUXW GDQ
UDVLR UHF\FOH WHUKDGDS HNVWUDNVL PLQ\DN GDUL ELML DOSXNDW 3HUVHD DPHULFDQD
/DXUDFHDH XQWXN GXQLD LQGXVWUL DJDU GDSDW PHPEHULNDQ PDVXNDQ GDQ LQIRUPDVL
NRQGLVL WHUEDLN GDODP HNVWUDNVL PLQ\DN VHKLQJJD KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ LQL GLKDUDSNDQ
GDSDW PHQLQJNDWNDQ QLODL HNRQRPL GDQ SURGXNWLYLWDV SDGD LQGXVWUL NRVPHWLN
NKXVXVQ\D SHQJDUXK UDVLR UHF\FOH GDQ SHUEDQGLQJDQ MXPODK SHODUXW GHQJDQ ELML
DOSXNDW GDQ EDJL SHPHULQWDK DJDU GDSDW PHQLQJNDWNDQ SHQGD\DJXQDDQ VXPEHU GD\D
DODPGDQPHQDPEDKGHYLVDQHJDUDPHODOXLHNVSRUPLQ\DNGDULELMLDOSXNDW
0HWRGD \DQJGLJXQDNDQXQWXNWXMXDQLQLPHOLSXWLSHUVLDSDQEDKDQSHQHOLWLDQ
SHQGDKXOXDQ SURVHV HNVWUDNVL VHPLNRQWLQX GLVWLODVL GDQ DQDOLVLV WHUKDGDS PLQ\DN
\DQJ GLSHUROHK 9DULDVL SHQHOLWLDQ GLODNXNDQ WHUKDGDS SHUEDQGLQJDQ MXPODK SHODUXW
GHQJDQ ELML DOSXNDW \DLWX VHODLQ SHUEDQGLQJDQ MXPODK SHODUXW
GHQJDQ ELML DOSXNDW GLYDULDVLNDQ MXJD UDVLR UHF\FOH GHQJDQ UDVLR GDQ
3DGDSHQHOLWLDQLQLGLJXQDNDQUDQFDQJDQ SHQHOLWLDQIDNWRULDOWXQJJDOXQWXNSHQHOLWLDQ
SHQGDKXOXDQ 3HQHOLWLDQ SHQGDKXOXDQ LQL GLPDNVXGNDQ XQWXN PHQHQWXNDQ ZDNWX
NHVHWLPEDQJDQ HNVWUDNVL VHFDUD EDWFK \DQJ VHODQMXWXQ\D DNDQ GLJXQDNDQ VHEDJDL
GDVDUXQWXNSHQHOLWLDQXWDPD5DQFDQJDQSHQHOLWLDQ IDNWRULDOGHQJDQGXDIDNWRU\DLWX
IDNWRU UDVLR UHF\FOH GDQ SHUEDQGLQJDQ MXPODK SHODUXW GHQJDQ ELML DOSXNDW GLJXQDNDQ
XQWXN PHOLKDW SHQJDUXK YDULDEHO \DQJ WHODK GLVHEXWNDQ GDQ PHOLKDW LQWHUDNVL \DQJ
PXQJNLQWHUMDGL0DWULNVUDQFDQJDQSHQHOLWLDQ \DQJGLSDNDLEHURUGH[
'DUL KDVLO UDQFDQJDQ SHQHOLWLDQ YDULDVL SHQHOLWLDQ EHUSHQJDUXK VHFDUD

VLJLQLILNDQ WHUKDGDS SHUROHKDQ PLQ\DN GDQ MXJD DGD SHQJDUXK WHUKDGDS LQWHUDNVL
YDULDVL3HUROHKDQPLQ\DNPHQJJXQDNDQPHWRGHHNVWUDNVLVHPLNRQWLQXVHEHVDU
3HUROHKDQPLQ\DNRSWLPXPGLSHUROHKGHQJDQYDULDVL)6 GHQJDQUDVLRUHF\FOH
VHODPD PHQLW 0LQ\DN \DQJ GLSHUROHK PHODOXL HNVWUDNVL VHPL NRQWLQX WHODK
PHPHQXKLVWDQGDUXQWXNPLQ\DNELMLDOSXNDW3URVHVLQLFXNXSOD\DNXQWXNGLODNXNDQ
NDUHQD KDUJDQ\D PLQ\DN FXNXS WLQJJL GDQ ELD\D SURGXNVL UHQGDK (NVWUDNVL VHPL
NRQWLQXOD\DNXQWXNGLWHUDSNDQSDGDSHPEXDWDQPLQ\DNELMLDOSXNDW
$EVWUDFW
7DUJHWRIWKLVUHVHDUFKLV WRVWXG\LQIOXHQFHRIUDWLRRIUHF\FOHFRPSDULVRQRI
DPRXQWRIVROYHQWZLWKDYRFDGRVHHGWRDFTXLUHPHQWH[WUDFWLRQRIDYRFDGRVHHGRLO
%HVLGHV WKDW WKLV UHVHDUFK DOVR VWXG\ WKH LQWHUDFWLRQ WKDW KDSSHQHG EHWZHHQ UDWLR
IDFWRU RI UHF\FOH DQG FRPSDULVRQ RI DPRXQW RI VROYHQW ZLWK DYRFDGR VHHG ZKLFK LV
XVHG LQ H[WUDFWLRQ DW DFTXLUHPHQW H[WUDFWLRQ RI DYRFDGR VHHG RLO 7KH EHQHILW WR EH
REWDLQHG IRU VWXGHQW LV WR DGG NQRZOHGJH FRQFHUQLQJ RSWLPXP FRQGLWLRQ DQG
LQIOXHQFH RI FRPSDULVRQ RI DPRXQW RI VROYHQW ZLWK DYRFDGR VHHG YDULDEOH DQG RI
UHF\FOH WR RLO H[WUDFWLRQ RI DYRFDGR VHHG $PHULFDQD 3HUVHD /DXUDFHDH IRU
LQGXVWULDOZRUOGVRFDQJLYHEHVWFRQGLWLRQLQIRUPDWLRQDQGLQSXWLQH[WUDFWLRQRLOVR
WKDWUHVXOWRIWKLVUHVHDUFKLVH[SHFWHGFDQLPSURYHHFRQRPLFYDOXHDQGSURGXFWLYLW\
DWFRVPHWLFLQGXVWU\VSHFLDOO\LQIOXHQFHRIUDWLRRIUHF\FOHDQGFRPSDULVRQRIDPRXQW
RI VROYHQW ZLWK DYRFDGR VHHG DQG WR JRYHUQPHQW VR WKDW FDQ LPSURYH XWLOL]DWLRQ RI
QDWXUDO UHVRXUFHV DQG DGG VWDWH
V VWRFN H[FKDQJH WKURXJK RLO H[SRUWLQJ RI DYRFDGR
VHHG
7KH PHWKRG ZKLFK XVHG LQ WKLV UHVHDUFK DUH SUHSDUDWLRQ RI FRYHU PDWHULDOV
DWWHPSW RI DQWHFHGHQW SURFHVV H[WUDFWLRQ VHPLFRQWLQXH GLVWLOODWLRQ DQG DQDO\VLV WR
REWDLQHGRLO$WWHPSWYDULDWLRQRIFRQGXFWHGWRFRPSDULVRQRIDPRXQWRIVROYHQWZLWK
DYRFDGR VHHG WKDW LV EHVLGHV FRPSDULVRQ RI DPRXQW RI VROYHQW
ZLWKYDULDWLRQRIDYRFDGRVHHG DOVRUDWLRRIUHF\FOHZLWKUDWLR DQG$W
WKLVUHVHDUFKLVXVHGE\VLQJOHIDFWRULDODWWHPSWGHYLFHIRUWKHDWWHPSWRIDQWHFHGHQW
$WWHPSW RI WKLV DQWHFHGHQW LV PHDQW WR GHWHUPLQH EDODQFH WLPH RI EDWFK H[WUDFWLRQ
ZKLFKLWZLOOEHXVHGDVEDVLVIRUHVSHFLDODWWHPSW7KHDWWHPSWGHYLFHIDFWRULDOZLWK
WZRIDFWRUVWKDWLVUDWLR IDFWRURI UHF\FOHDQGFRPSDULVRQRIDPRXQWRIVROYHQWZLWK
DYRFDGR VHHG XVHG WR VHH LQIOXHQFH RI YDULDEOH ZKLFK KDYH EHHQ PHQWLRQHG DQG VHH
LQWHUDFWLRQZKLFKSRVVLEOHKDSSHQHG'HYLFHDWWHPSWPDWUL[ZHDUHUE\WRKDYHRUGHU
[
)URP UHVXOW RI WKLV UHVHDUFK IRXQG WKDW WKH DWWHPSW YDULDWLRQ RI UDWLR RI
UHF\FOH FRPSDULVRQ RI DPRXQW RI VROYHQW ZLWK DYRFDGR VHHG KDYH DQ VLJQLILFDQW
HIIHFW WR \LHOG RI RLO DQG WKHUH ZDV DOVR KDYH DQ LQIOXHQFH ZKLFK LV VLJQLILFDQW WR
YDULDWLRQRILQWHUDFWLRQ7KH\LHOGVRIRLOXVHPHWKRGRIVHPLFRQWLQXHH[WUDFWLRQ XS
WR $FTXLUHPHQWRIRSWLPXPRLOREWDLQHGZLWKYDULDWLRQRIFRPSDULVRQRIDPRXQW
RIVROYHQW ZLWKDYRFDGR VHHGWRDFTXLUHPHQW H[WUDFWLRQRI DYRFDGRVHHG RLOLV
ZLWK UDWLR RI UHF\FOH GXULQJ PLQXWH 7KH RLO WKDW REWDLQHG WKURXJK VHPL
FRQWLQXH H[WUDFWLRQ KDYH IXOILOOHG VWDQGDUG IRU WKH RLO RI DYRFDGR VHHG 7KLV
FRPSHWHQWSURFHVVHQRXJK WREHGRQHEHFDXVHLWVSULFHRIRLOLVKLJKHQRXJKDQGLWV
ORZFRVWSURGXFWLRQ([WUDFWLRQVHPLFRQWLQXHFRPSHWHQWWREHDSSOLHGDWPDNLQJRI
DYRFDGRVHHGRLO
%$%,
3(1'$+8/8$1
/DWDU%HODNDQJ
$OSXNDW 3HUVHD DPHULFDQD /DXUDFHDH PHUXSDNDQ WDQDPDQ \DQJ EHUDVDO GDUL
EDJLDQWURSLVEHQXD$PHULNDWHWDSLEXDKLQLWHODKPHQ\HEDUNHVHOXUXKEDJLDQWURSLV
GDQ VXEWURSLV GXQLD SDGD DEDG NH 'L DQWDUD EXDKEXDKDQ \DQJ ODLQ DOSXNDW
PHPLOLNL UDVD \DQJ XQLN UDVDQ\D EXNDQ PDQLV DWDXSXQ PDVDP WHWDSL PHQ\HUXSDL
NDFDQJNDFDQJDQ5DVDLQLEHUDVDOGDULGDJLQJEXDK\DQJNRQVLVWHQVLQ\DPHQ\HUXSDL
PHQWHJDNDUHQDPHPLOLNLNDQGXQJDQOHPDN\DQJWLQJJL6HODLQLWXKDUJD\DQJUHODWLI
PXUDKGDQNDQGXQJDQJL]L\DQJFXNXSEHVDUPHPEXDWDOSXNDWGLJHPDULPDV\DUDNDW
,QGRQHVLD EDLN XQWXN VXPEHU SDQJDQ NRVPHWLND SHPEXDWDQ ORWLRQ PDXSXQ
NHVHKDWDQXQWXNPHQJXUDQJLNHUXVDNDQKDWLGDQPHQJDWDVLEDWXJLQMDO
%DKDQPHQWDK\DQJELDVDGLJXQDNDQEHUDVDOGDULEXDKEXDKDQNDUHQDPHQJDGXQJ
YLWDPLQ \DQJ GDSDW PHQ\HKDWNDQ NXOLW %XDK \DQJ EDQ\DN PHQJDQGXQJ YLWDPLQ
XQWXNSHQ\HKDWDQNXOLWDGDODKEXDKDOSXNDWNLZLQHFWDULQH DQJJXUGDQ SHDFK'L
DQWDUD EXDKEXDK \DQJ WHODK GLVHEXWNDQ EXDK DOSXNDW PHQJDQGXQJ YLWDPLQ (
WHUEDQ\DNGLPDQDYLWDPLQ(LQLVDQJDWEHUPDQIDDWXQWXNNXOLW
'L ,QGRQHVLD EXDK DOSXNDW EDQ\DN GLMXPSDL SDGD EXODQ 'HVHPEHU VDPSDL
)HEUXDULGHQJDQUDWDUDWDKDVLOSDQHQVHEHVDUWRQKD9DULHWDVDOSXNDW\DQJWXPEXK
GL GDHUDK WURSLV DGDODK YDULHWDV EHUXNXUDQ EHVDU MLND GLEDQGLQJNDQ GHQJDQ YDULHWDV
VXEWURSLV2OHKNDUHQDLWXSDUDLPSRUWLUEXDKLQLOHELKPHQ\XNDLPHQJLPSRUYDULHWDV
WURSLV VHKLQJJD QHJDUD SHPDVRN EXDK DOSXNDW WURSLV VHSHUWL ,QGRQHVLD PHPLOLNL
SHOXDQJEHVDUXQWXNPHQMDGLNDQVHNWRULQLVHEDJDLVDODKVDWXSHQJKDVLOGHYLVDQHJDUD
1HJDUD \DQJ PHQMDGL SHQJLPSRU EXDK DOSXNDW ,QGRQHVLD XPXPQ\D DGDODK QHJDUD
QHJDUD(URSDVHSHUWL3HUDQFLV%HODQGD6SDQ\RO,QJJULV
GDQ-HUPDQ'DWDSURGXNVLDOSXNDWGL-DZD%DUDW \DQJGLVDMLNDQGDODP7DEHO

7DEHO-XPODKSRKRQ GDQSURGXNVLWRQDOSXNDWGL-DZDPHQXUXWWDKXQ
-DZD%DUDW -DZD7HQJDK -DZD7LPXU

3HULRGH SRKRQ 3URGXNVL SRKRQ 3URGXNVL SRKRQ SURGXNVL
-DQ 0DU
$SU-XQ
-XO6HSW
6HSW'HV
>6XPEHU%DODL3HQHOLWLDQ6WDWLVWLN-DNDUWD,QGRQHVLD@
'DUL WDEHO GDSDW GLOLKDW SURGXNVL DOSXNDW GL -DZD %DUDW FXNXS EHVDU
:DODXSXQNHXQWXQJDQEHUWDQDPDOSXNDWGL-DZD%DUDWEHOXPEHJLWXGDSDWGLUDVDNDQ
NDUHQD SHQJHORODDQQ\D \DQJ NXUDQJ LQWHQVLI 6HSHUWL SDGD WDEHO GL DWDV GDSDW GLOLKDW
EDKZD SDGD WULZXODQ ,, $SULO-XQL SDQHQ DOSXNDW PHQJDODPL SHQXUXQDQ FXNXS
EHVDU WDSL NHPXGLDQ SDGD WULZXODQ ,,, -XOL6HSWHPEHU SDQHQ DOSXNDW NHPEDOL
PHQJDODPL NHQDLNNDQ 3URVSHN NH GHSDQ ELVQLV DOSXNDW VHPDNLQ FHUDK VHKXEXQJDQ
GHQJDQVHPDNLQWHUEXNDQ\DSHOXDQJSDVDU3HQLQJNDWDQMXPODKSURGXNVLDNDQVHODOX
GLLNXWL GHQJDQ SHQLQJNDWDQ NRQVXPVL ROHK NDUHQD LWX OLPEDK EXDK EHUXSD ELML DNDQ
VHPDNLQPHQLQJNDWSXOD
%LML DOSXNDW PHUXSDNDQ EDJLDQ \DQJ FXNXS EHVDU VHNLWDU GDUL
NHVHOXUXKDQEXDKDUWLQ\DGDULWRQSURGXNVLSDGDWDKXQDNDQGLKDVLONDQ
OLPEDKVHEDQ\DNWRQ'HQJDQMXPODKVHEHVDULQLSHPDQIDDWDQELMLDOSXNDW
VHEDJDL VXPEHU OHPDN QDEDWL DNDQ VDQJDW PHQJXQWXQJNDQ GLVDPSLQJ DNDQ
PHQLQJNDWNDQQLODLWDPEDKDOSXNDWLWXVHQGLUL
%HEHUDSD OLWHUDWXU PHQJDWDNDQ EDKZD ELML DOSXNDW PHQJDQGXQJ NDGDU OHPDN
VHNLWDU SHU JUDP ELML DOSXNDW FXNXS WLQJJL MLND GLEDQGLQJNDQ ELML EXDK
EXDKDQ ODLQ \DQJ PHPLOLNL NDGDU OHPDN NXUDQJ GDUL JUDP SHU EXDKQ\D -LND
GLKLWXQJ EHUGDVDUNDQ MXPODK OLPEDK VHEHVDU WRQ SDGD WDKXQ PDND
VHEDQ\DN WRQ OHPDN GDSDW GLPDQIDDWNDQ 3HUWDQ\DDQQ\D EDJDLPDQD FDUD
PHQJDPELO OHPDN WHUVHEXW GDQ DSDNDK KDVLOQ\D DNDQ HILVLHQ GDQ PHPXQJNLQNDQ
GLODNXNDQ SURGXNVL VHFDUD NRPHUVLDO %DKNDQ MLND GLOLKDW GDUL SRWHQVL
SHPDQIDDWDQQ\D PDND DNDQ PHQDPEDK NHJXQDDQ GDUL EXDK WHUVHEXW NDUHQD ELML
DOSXNDW \DQJ VHODPD LQL GLDQJJDS WLGDN PHPLOLNL QLODL HNRQRPLV WHUQ\DWD PHPLOLNL
QLODLOHELK3HQHPXDQLQLDNDQPHQGRURQJGLEXNDQ\DODSDQJDQNHUMDEDUX\DQJOHELK
PHQMDQMLNDQGLPDVD\DQJDNDQGDWDQJ
7HNQRORJL
(NVWUDNVLDGDODKSURVHVSHPLVDKDQVXDWX]DW\DQJGDSDWODUXWNHGDODPVXDWX
SHODUXW GDUL FDPSXUDQQ\D GHQJDQ VXDWX SDGDWDQ DWDX GDUL ODUXWDQQ\D GDODP SHODUXW
ODLQ =DW \DQJ GDSDW ODUXW LQL VHODQMXWQ\D GLVHEXW VROXWH 0HWRGH SDOLQJ VHGHUKDQD
XQWXNPHQJHNVWUDNVROXWH \DLWXGHQJDQPHQFDPSXUNDQVHOXUXKEDKDQXPSDQGHQJDQ
SHODUXW NHPXGLDQ GLODNXNDQ SURVHV SHPLVDKDQ DQWDUD SHODUXW GDQ EDKDQ \DQJ WHODK
GLHNVWUDN>%URZQ@6HMDXKLQLWHODKGLNHQDOGXDPDFDPSURVHVHNVWUDNVL\DLWX
HNVWUDNVL SDGDWFDLU GDQ HNVWUDNVL FDLUFDLU 3URVHV HNVWUDNVL \DQJ GLODNXNDQ GDODP
SHQJDPELODQ PLQ\DN GDUL ELMLELMLDQ DGDODK HNVWUDNVL SDGDW FDLU OHDFKLQJ NDUHQD
PDWHULDO DVDO VROXWH PLQ\DN DGDODK SDGDWDQ ELML (NVWUDNVL SHODUXW GDSDW
GLODNXNDQGHQJDQWLJD PDFDPFDUD\DLWXVHFDUDEDWFKVHPLNRQWLQXGDQNRQWLQX
3URVHV HNVWUDNVL GDSDW EHUODQJVXQJ NDUHQD DGDQ\D SHUEHGDDQ NHODUXWDQ VROXWH
GLDQWDUDXPSDQGDQSHODUXW(NVWUDNVLGDSDWEHUODQJVXQJRSWLPDOMLNDNHODUXWDQVROXWH
GDODP SHODUXW OHELK EHVDU GDUL NHODUXWDQ VROXWH GDODP XPSDQ GHQJDQ GHPLNLDQ
SHPLOLKDQSHODUXW\DQJVHVXDLPHQMDGLKDOXWDPD\DQJKDUXVGLSHUWLPEDQJNDQ
3DGDSURVHVHNVWUDNVLDGDEHEHUDSD IDNWRU \DQJ PHPSHQJDUXKLKDVLOHNVWUDNVL
)DNWRUIDNWRULWXPHOLSXWLMHQLVSHODUXW\DQJGLJXQDNDQSHUEDQGLQJDQMXPODKSDGDWDQ
GHQJDQSHODUXWWHPSHUDWXURSHUDVLNHFHSDWDQSHQJDGXNDQGDQXNXUDQSDGDWDQ\DQJ
DNDQ GLHNVWUDNVL 6HPXD IDNWRUIDNWRU LQL EHUSHQJDUXK VHFDUD ODQJVXQJ GDODP KDVLO
HNVWUDNVL
3DGD SURVHV HNVWUDNVL PLQ\DN EHUSLQGDK GDUL ELML VHFDUD GLIXVL GDQ
SHUSLQGDKDQ PLQ\DN GDUL ELML NH SHODUXW EHUODQJVXQJ WHUXV PHQHUXV VDPSDL
NHVHWLPEDQJDQ WHUFDSDL /DMX GLIXVL LQL VHEDQGLQJ GHQJDQ OXDV SHUPXNDDQ GDUL
SDUWLNHOELMLGDQEHUEDQGLQJWHUEDOLNGHQJDQNHWHEDODQELML2OHKNDUHQDLWXELML\DQJ
DNDQ GLHNVWUDNVL XPXPQ\D GLXEDK PHQMDGL EHQWXN NHULSLN PDXSXQ GLKDQFXUNDQ
>&RILHOG@
7HPD6HQWUDO0DVDODK
.HWLGDNSDVWLDQ NRQGLVL HNVWUDNVL VHPLNRQWLQX GDUL EHUEDJDL YDULDEOH
SHUEDQGLQJDQ MXPODK SHODUXW GHQJDQ ELML DOSXNDW GDQ UDVLR UHF\FOH \DQJ
PHPSHQJDUXKL SHUROHKDQ OHPDN GDUL ELML DOSXNDW 3HUVHD DPHULFDQD
/DXUDFHDH GLUHIOHNVLNDQ ROHK EHEHUDSD ODQGDVDQ WHRULWLN \DQJ EHUEHGD
PHQJHQDL NRQGLVL RSWLPXP SHUEDQGLQJDQ MXPODK SHODUXW GHQJDQ ELML DOSXNDW
GDQ UDVLR UHF\FOH EDJDLPDQD SHQJDUXK SHUROHKDQ WHUKDGDS MHQLVMHQLV FDUD
HNVWUDNVL VHUWD NXUDQJQ\D ODQGDVDQ WHRULWLN PHQJHQDL LQWHUDNVL DQWDUD
SHUEDQGLQJDQ MXPODK SHODUXW GHQJDQ ELML DOSXNDW GDQ UDVLR UHF\FOH VHKLQJJD
WLGDN WHUGDSDW SHGRPDQ \DQJ MHODV WHQWDQJ NRQGLVL WHUEDLN \DQJ GDSDW
GLWHUDSNDQSDGDSURVHVHNVWUDNVLPLQ\DN
,GHQWLILNDVL0DVDODK
'DODP SHQHOLWLDQ LQL DNDQ GLSHODMDUL EHEHUDSD PDVDODK \DQJ WLPEXO GDODP
SURVHVHNVWUDNVLOHPDNQDEDWLELMLDOSXNDW\DLWX
6HEHUDSD MDXK SHQJDUXK YDULDEHO SHUEDQGLQJDQ MXPODK SHODUXW GHQJDQ ELML
DOSXNDW GDODPHNVWUDNVLVHPLNRQWLQXELMLDOSXNDW3HUVHD
DPHULFDQD/DXUDFHDH WHUKDGDSSHUROHKDQPLQ\DNELMLDOSXNDW"
6HEHUDSDMDXKSHQJDUXKYDULDEHO UDVLRUHF\FOH GDODPHNVWUDNVL
VHPLNRQWLQXELMLDOSXNDW3HUVHDDPHULFDQD/DXUDFHDH WHUKDGDSSHUROHKDQ
PLQ\DNELMLDOSXNDW"
$GDNDKLQWHUDNVLDQWDUDSHUEDQGLQJDQMXPODKSHODUXWGHQJDQELMLDOSXNDW GDQ
UDVLR UHF\FOH GDODP HNVWUDNVL VHPL NRQWLQX ELML DOSXNDW WHUKDGDS SHUROHKDQ
PLQ\DN ELMLDOSXNDW"
3UHPLV
3HUODNXDQ DZDO WHUKDGDS ELMLELMLDQ \DQJ DNDQ GLHNVWUDN PHOLSXWL SHPHFDKDQ
>-RKQVRQ /XVDV .DUQRIVN\ &KHUU\@ SHQJXOLWLDQ NXOLW ELML
>$\HUV 'RROH\ &RILHOG @ SHPDQDVDQ GDODP RYHQ VHODPD MDP
SDGD & >.DUQRIVN\@ SHQJJLOLQJDQ PHQMDGL EHQWXN VHUEXN >:LOOLDPV
@
.DGDU DLU NHOHPEDEDQ GDODP ELMLELMLDQ \DQJ EDLN XQWXN SURVHV HNVWUDNVL
EHUNLVDUDQWDUD>&DK\DGL 7DQRWR@
3HODUXW\DQJSDOLQJEDLNXQWXNHNVWUDNVLPLQ\DNGDULELMLELMLDQVHFDUDNRPHUVLDO
DGDODKQKHNVDQD>-RKQVRQ /XVDV$\HUV 'RROH\@
.HFHSDWDQ SHQJDGXNDQ \DQJ FRFRN XQWXN HNVWUDNVL ELMLELMLDQ DGDODK
USP>+DUGMRVXZLWR@USP>5LD@
3HUEDQGLQJDQ DQWDUD XPSDQ GHQJDQ SHODUXW SHQJHNVWUDN RSWLPXP \DQJ GDSDW
GLJXQDNDQ DGDODK >.DUQRIVN\@ >%UHGHVRQ %HUQDUGLQL
@>&KHUU\@GDQ>:DQHWDO@
)DNWRU\DQJPHPSHQJDUXKLGDULHNVWUDNVL\DLWX
D 8NXUDQ VHUSLKDQ ELML DOSXNDW DNDQ PHQJKDVLONDQ KDVLO HNVWUDNVL \DQJ
PDNVLPXPMLNDXNXUDQQ\DNHFLO
E :DNWXHNVWUDNVL \DQJDNDQPHQJKDVLONDQKDVLO \DQJRSWLPXPVHODPD
MDP
>(%HUQDGLQL@
7HPSHUDWXU \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN HNVWUDNVL GHQJDQ SHODUXW DGDODK SDGD WLWLN
GLGLKQ\D>-RKQVRQ /XVDV$\HUV 'RROH\@
5DVLR UHF\FOH \DQJ PXQJNLQ PHQJKDVLONDQ KDVLO HNVWUDNVL RSWLPXP DGDODK
>ZZZIDRRUJ@
+LSRWHVLV
'DUL SUHPLVSUHPLV \DQJ DGD GDSDW GLDPELO EHEHUDSD KLSRWHVLV XQWXN SHQHOLWLDQ
LQL\DLWX
5DVLRUHF\FOH GLKDUDSNDQDNDQPHPEHULNDQUHQGHPHQGDQNXDOLWDVRSWLPXP
NDUHQDVHOHNWLILWDVWHUKDGDSPLQ\DNELMLDOSXNDW\DQJGLHNVWUDN
3HUEDQGLQJDQ MXPODK SHODUXW GHQJDQ ELML DOSXNDW GLSHUNLUDNDQ DNDQ
PHPEHULNDQUHQGHPHQRSWLPXP
7XMXDQ3HQHOLWLDQ
%HUGDVDUNDQLGHQWLILNDVLPDVDODKGLDWDVPDNDGDSDWGLUXPXVNDQWXMXDQSHQHOLWLDQ
\DQJDNDQGLODNXNDQVHEDJDLEHULNXW
0HPSHODMDULSHQJDUXKSHUEDQGLQJDQMXPODKSHODUXWGHQJDQELMLDOSXNDW GDODP
HNVWUDNVLVHPLNRQWLQXWHUKDGDSSHUROHKDQPLQ\DNELMLDOSXNDW
0HPSHODMDUL SHQJDUXK UDVLR UHF\FOH GDODP HNVWUDNVL VHPL NRQWLQX WHUKDGDS
SHUROHKDQPLQ\DNELMLDOSXNDW
0HPSHODMDULDGDQ\DLQWHUDNVLDQWDUDSHUEDQGLQJDQMXPODKSHODUXWGHQJDQELML
DOSXNDW GDQ UDVLR UHF\FOH GDODP HNVWUDNVL VHPL NRQWLQX WHUKDGDS SHUROHKDQ
PLQ\DNELMLDOSXNDW
0DQIDDW3HQHOLWLDQ
0HODOXL SHQHOLWLDQ LQL GLKDUDSNDQ GDSDW GLSHUROHK EHEHUDSD PDQIDDW VHEDJDL
EHULNXW
%DJL PDKDVLVZD PHQDPEDK ZDZDVDQ PHQJHQDL SHQJDUXK GDQ NRQGLVL
RSWLPXPYDULDEHOSHUEDQGLQJDQMXPODKSHODUXWGHQJDQELMLDOSXNDW GDQUDVLR
UHF\FOH WHUKDGDS HNVWUDNVL PLQ\DN GDUL ELML DOSXNDW 3HUVHD DPHULFDQD
/DXUDFHDHSDGDHNVWUDNVLVHPLNRQWLQX
%DJL GXQLD LQGXVWUL PHPEHULNDQ PDVXNDQ GDQ LQIRUPDVL NRQGLVL WHUEDLN
GDODP HNVWUDNVL PLQ\DN VHFDUD VHPLNRQWLQX VHKLQJJD KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ LQL
GLKDUDSNDQGDSDWPHQLQJNDWNDQQLODLHNRQRPLGDQSURGXNWLYLWDVSDGDLQGXVWUL
NRVPHWLN NKXVXVQ\D SHQJDUXK SHUEDQGLQJDQ MXPODK SHODUXW GHQJDQ ELML
DOSXNDW GDQUDVLRUHF\FOH
%DJL SHPHULQWDK PHQLQJNDWNDQ SHQGD\DJXQDDQ VXPEHU GD\D DODP GDQ
PHQDPEDKGHYLVDQHJDUDPHODOXLHNVSRUPLQ\DNGDULELMLDOSXNDW
%$%,,
7,1-$8$13867$.$
7DQDPDQ$OSXNDW
$OSXNDWSHUWDPDNDOLGLWHPXNDQGL0HNVLNREDJLDQVHODWDQWDSLGLNHPEDQJNDQ
GDUL5LR*UDQGHVDPSDL3HUXWHQJDKMDXKVHEHOXPDGDGL(URSD.HPXGLDQGLEDZD
WLGDN KDQ\D NH EDJLDQ EDUDW WDSL PHQXMX VHPXD GDHUDK WURSLN GDQ VXEWURSLN GHQJDQ
OLQJNXQJDQ\DQJFRFRN$OSXNDWGLEDZDNH)LOLSLQDSDGDDNKLUDEDGNHPXGLDQGL
EDZD NH %HODQGD GDQ 0DXULWXV SDGD DEDG $OSXNDW SHUWDPD NDOL GLEDZD NH
6LQJDSXUD SDGD DEDG WDSL EHOXP EHJLWX SRSXOHU GL GDHUDK 0HOD\X $OSXNDW
GLWDQDPGL+DZDLLGDQNHPXGLDQPHQMDGLSRSXODU
.ODVLILNDVLOHQJNDSWDQDPDQDOSXNDWDGDODKVHEDJDLEHULNXW
'LYLVL 6SHUPDWRSK\WD
$QDNGLYLVL $QJLRVSHUPDH
.HODV 'LFRW\OHGRQHDH
%DQJVD 5DQDOHV
.HOXDUJD /DXUDFHDH
0DUJD 3HUVHD
9DULHWDV 3HUVHDDPHULFDQD
1DPD/DLQ 3DOWD
3RKRQDOSXNDWLQLELDVDQ\DWXPEXKVDPSDLPHWHUWDSLWHUNDGDQJVDPSDL
PHWHUGHQJDQGLDPHWHUEDWDQJFP$OSXNDWLQLPHPLOLNLGDXQKLMDXWXD\DQJ
WXPEXKSDGDPXVLPNHULQJGHQJDQEHQWXN\DQJEHUEHGDEHGDWRPEDNHOOLSVRYDO
RYDWHVHSDQMDQJFP3RKRQQ\DEHUND\XXPXPQ\DSHUFDEDQJDQMDUDQJGDQ
DUDKQ\DKRUL]RQWDO$OSXNDWGDSDWGLEDJLPHQMDGLEXQJDEXDKGDQELML
%XQJD
%XQJD \DQJ WHUGDSDW SDGD WDQDPDQ DOSXNDW WHUVXVXQ GDODP VDWX PDODL
SDQLFXOD SDGDWXQDVSXFXNDWDXWXQDVWHUPLQDO0DODLEXQJDWHUGLULDWDVVDWXWDQJNDL
XWDPD \DQJ SDQMDQJ GDQ EHUFDEDQJ EHUZDUQD KLMDX NHNXQLQJDQ EHUEXOX KDOXV GDQ
GLWXPEXKLEDQ\DNEXQJDSHQGHNDWDXSDQMDQJ%XQJDQ\DWHUJRORQJNHFLOEHUGLDPWHU
FPKDUXPELODPHNDUEXQJDQ\DVHPSXUQDGDODPVDWXEXQJDWHUGDSDWSXWLN
GDQEHQDQJVDUL%XQJDDOSXNDWPHPLOLNLVLIDW\DQJGLVHEXWGLNRJDPL \DLWXSXWLNGDQ
EHQDQJ VDUL SDGD EXQJD PDVDN VHFDUD WLGDN EHUVDPDDQ 0HNDUQ\D EXQJD LQL
EHGDVDUNDQZDNWXPHNDUQ\DGLEDJLPHQMDGLGXD\DLWX
7LSH SDJLVRUH $ PHNDU SHUWDPD SDJL KDUL NHPXGLDQ VLDQJ KDUL PXODL
PHQXWXSGDQPHNDUODJLVRUHKDULSDGDKDULEHULNXWQ\D
7LSH VRUHSDJL % PHNDU SHUWDPD VRUH KDUL NHPXGLDQ PHQXWXS PHQMHODQJ
PDODP GDQ PHNDU ODJL SDJL KDUL SDGD KDUL EHULNXWQ\D 6HPXD EXQJD SDGD
PDODP KDUL PHQXWXS GDQ SDGD VDDW PHNDU SHUWDPD DGDODK SXWLNQ\D \DQJ
PDWDQJ UHVHSWLI OHELK GXOX VHGDQJNDQ SDGD VDDW PHNDU EHULNXWQ\D \DQJ
PDWDQJDGDODKWHSXQJVDULQ\D
$NLEDW GDUL VLIDW WHUVHEXW GDODP VDWX DUHDO \DQJ KDQ\D WHUGDSDW VDWX PDFDP WLSH
DOSXNDW DNDQ VXOLW PHODNXNDQ SHQ\HUEXNDQ VLODQJ VHKLQJJD SURGXNVL EXDKQ\D DNDQ
UHQGDK 3HULVWLZD VHSHUWL LWX GLVHEXW SURWHURJ\QRXV GLFKRJDP\ V\QFKURQRXV GLXUQDO
FRPSOHPHQWHU
'LGDWDUDQWLQJJL\DQJVXKXQ\DDQWDUD &VLIDWEXQJDPHNDUGXDNDOLLWX
DNDQ OHQ\DS GDQ KDQ\D PHNDU VHNDOL VDMD VHKLQJJD SHQ\HUEXNDQ EXQJD OHELK
VHPSXUQD2OHKNDUHQDLWXGLGDWDUDQWLQJJLWDQDPDQDOSXNDWOHELKSURGXNWLINDUHQD
SXWLNGDQWHSXQJVDULPDWDQJGDODPZDNWX\DQJVDPDKRPRJDPL
*DPEDU %XQJD7DQDPDQ$OSXNDW
%XDK
%XDKDOSXNDWEHQWXNQ\DEXODWVDPSDLORQMRQJEHUDWQ\DGDULJVDPSDL
JSHUEXDKWHWDSLKDQ\DEHUELMLVDWXWXQJJDO'DJLQJEXDKWHUOHSDVGDULELMLKDQ\D
GLEDWDVL ROHK VHODSXW NXOLW ELML \DQJ WHEDO \DQJ VHWHODK WXD EHUZDUQD DEXDEX
NHFRNHODWDQ\DQJPHPEDOXWELML\DQJEHUZDUQDNHNXQLQJNXQLQJDQ
6HWHODK EXDK DOSXNDW WXD EHQDU DWDX PDWDQJ SRKRQ DSDELOD GLJR\DQJ DNDQ
PHQJHOXDUNDQVXDUDVHODSXWELMLQ\DEHUXEDKZDUQDPHQMDGLFRNHODWNHDEXDEXDQDWDX
PXGDK WHUOHSDV GDUL ELMLQ\D :DUQD EXDK DGD \DQJ KLMDX XQJX VDPSDL PHUDK
NHKLWDPDQ3DGDWDEHOGLVDMLNNDQQLODLNRPSRVLVLSHUJUDPGDULEXDKDOSXNDW
7DEHO.RPSRVLVLEXDKDOSXNDWSHUJUDP
.RPSRVLVL 1LODL
0RLVWXUH J
(WKHU([WUDFW J
)LEHU J
1LWURJHQ J
$VK J
&DOFLXP PJ
3KRVSKRUXV PJ
,URQ PJ
&DURWHQH PJ
7KLDPLQH PJ
5LERIODYLQ PJ
1LDFLQ PJ
$VFRUELF$FLG PJ
%LML
%LMLEXDKDOSXNDWEHEHQWXNVHSHUWLEROD%LMLDOSXNDWVHEHVDUGDULEXDK
DOSXNDW VHFDUD NHVHOXUXKDQ .DQGXQJDQ PLQ\DN \DQJ WHUGDSDW SDGD ELML DOSXNDW
VHEHVDU
0LQ\DN \DQJ WHUGDSDW SDGD ELML PHQ\HUXSDL OHPDN FRNODW GDODP EHQWXN
WULHVWHUGHQJDQJOLVHURO-HQLVDVDPOHPDNODLQ\DQJWHUNDQGXQJGLGDODPOHPDNELML
DOSXNDWDGDODKROHDWVWHDUDWOLQROHDWGDQSDOPLWDW
.DUDNWHULVWLN OHPDN ELML DOSXNDW GLVDMLNDQ SDGD 7DEHO >.LUVFKHQEDXHU
@ VHGDQJNDQ NRPSRVLVL DVDP OHPDN PLQ\DN ELML DOSXNDW GLVDMLNDQ SDGD 7DEHO
>0RUWRQ@
7DEHO.DUDNWHULVWLNOHPDNELMLDOSXNDW
.DQGXQJDQOHPDN
%HUDWMHQLV&
7LWLNOHOHK&
%LODQJDQFHWDQH
%LODQJDQLRGLQ
7DEHO.RPSRVLVLDVDPOHPDNPLQ\DNELMLDOSXNDW
3DOPLWDW&+2
/LQROHDW&+2
2OHDW&+2
6WHDUDW&+2
$VDPOHPDNMHQXKODLQ
-HQLVMHQLVDOSXNDW
%HUGDVDUNDQVLIDWHNRORJLVWDQDPDQDOSXNDWWHUGLULGDULWLSHNHWXUXQDQ UDV
\DLWXUDV0HNVLNRUDV*XDWHPDODGDQUDV+LQGLD%DUDW
5DV0HNVLNR
%HUDVDO GDUL GDWDUDQ WLQJJL 0HNVLNR GDQ (TXDGRU EHULNOLP VHPL WURSLV GHQJDQ
NHWLQJJLDQPGSO5DVLQLPHPSXQ\DLGDXQGDQEXDK\DQJEHUEDXDGDV
0DVD EHUEXQJD VDPSDL EXDK ELVD GLSDQHQ OHELK NXUDQJ EXODQ %XDK NHFLO GHQJDQ
EHUDWJUDPEHQWXNMRURQJRYDOEHUWDQJNDLSHQGHNNXOLWQ\DWLSLVGDQOLFLQ
%LML EHVDU PHPHQXKL URQJJD EXDK 'DJLQJ EXDK PHPSXQ\DL NDQGXQJDQ PLQ\DN
OHPDN WLQJJL VDPSDL 5DV LQL WDKDQ WHUKDGDS VXKX GLQJLQ
VDPSDLVXKXR&
5DV*XDWHPDOD
%HUDVDO GDUL GDWDUDQ WLQJJL 0HNVLNR GDQ $PHULND 7HQJDK EHULNOLP VXE WURSLV
GHQJDQ NHWLQJJLDQ P GSO 5DV LQL NXUDQJ WDKDQ WHUKDGDS VXKX GLQJLQ
WROHUDQVL VDPSDL & 'DXQQ\D WLGDN EHUEDX DGDV %XDK EHUXNXUDQ VHGDQJ
VHEHUDWJUDPNXOLWEXDKWHEDONHUDVDJDNEHUND\XPXGDKUXVDNGDQNDVDU
EHUELQWLOELQWLO 0DVD EXQJD EHUEXDK VDPSDL VDDW EXDK GLSDQHQ OHELK NXUDQJ
VHPELODQ EXODQ %LMLQ\D UHODWLI EHUXNXUDQ NHFLO GDQ PHQHPSHO HUDW GDODP URQJJD
GHQJDQNXOLWELML\DQJPHOHNDW'DJLQJEXDKPHPSXQ\DLNDQGXQJDQPLQ\DNEHUNLVDU
DQWDUD
5DV+LQGLD%DUDW
%HUDVDO GDUL GDWDUDQ UHQGDK $PHULND 7HQJDK GDQ $PHULND 6HODWDQ \DQJ
EHULNOLP WURSLV GHQJDQ NHWLQJJLDQ GL EDZDK P GSO 9DULHWDV LQL VDQJDW SHND
WHUKDGDS VXKX UHQGDK GHQJDQ WROHUDQVL VDPSDL PLQXV R& 'DXQQ\D WLGDN EHUEDX
DGDVZDUQDGDXQQ\DOHELKWHUDQJGLEDQGLQJNDQGHQJDQNHGXDUDV\DQJODLQ%XDKQ\D
EHUXNXUDQEHVDUGHQJDQEHUDWJUDPWDQJNDLSHQGHNNXOLWEXDKOLFLQDJDN
OLDW GDQ WHEDO %XDK PDVDN OHELK NXUDQJ EXODQ VHVXGDK EHUEXQJD %LML EHVDU GDQ
VHULQJ OHSDV GL GDODP URQJJD NHSLQJ ELML NDVDU .DQGXQJDQ PLQ\DN GDUL GDJLQJ
EXDKQ\DSDOLQJUHQGDK
9DULHWDV$OSXNDW
9DULHWDVYDULHWDVDOSXNDWGL,QGRQHVLDGDSDWGLJRORQJNDQPHQMDGLGXD\DLWX
9DULHWDVXQJJXO
6LIDWVLIDW XQJJXO WHUVHEXW DQWDUD ODLQ SURGXNVLQ\D WLQJJL GDQ WHUDWXU WROHUDQ
WHUKDGDS KDPD GDQ SHQ\DNLW EXDK VHUDJDP EHUEHQWXN RYDO GDQ EHUXNXUDQ VHGDQJ
GDJLQJ EXDK EHUNXDOLWDV EDLN GDQ WLGDN EHUVHUDW EHUELML NHFLO PHOHNDW SDGD URQJJD
ELML VHUWD NXOLW EXDKQ\D OLFLQ 6DPSDL GHQJDQ WDQJJDO -DQXDUL 0HQWHUL
3HUWDQLDQWHODKPHQHWDSNDQYDULHWDV DOSXNDWXQJJXO \DLWXDOSXNDWLMRSDQMDQJGDQ
LMREXQGDU6LIDWVLIDWNHGXDYDULHWDVWHUVHEXWGDSDWGLOLKDWSDGDWDEHO
7DEHO6LIDWDOSXNDWLMRGDQDOSXNDWLMREXQGDU
6SHVLILNDVL $OSXNDW,MR $OSXNDW,MR%XQGDU
7LQJJLSRKRQ P P
%HQWXNGDXQ %XODWSDQMDQJWHSLUDWD %XODWSDQMDQJWHSLEHURPEDN
%XDK 7HUJDQWXQJNHVXEXUDQODKDQ 7HUJDQWXQJNHVXEXUDQODKDQ
%HUDWEXDK NJ NJ
%HQWXNEXDK SHDUS\ULIRUP /RQMRQJREORQJ
5DVDEXDK *XULKDJDNOXQDN *XULKDJDNNHULQJ
'LDPHWHUEXDK FPUDWDUDWDFP 5DWDUDWDFP
3DQMDQJEXDK FPUDWDUDWDFP 5DWDUDWDFP
+DVLO NJSRKRQWDKXQ NJSRKRQWDKXQ
9DULHWDVODLQ
9DULHWDV DOSXNDW NHORPSRN LQL PHUXSDNDQ SODVPD QXWIDK 6HEDJDL FRQWRK
EHEHUDSDYDULHWDVDOSXNDW\DQJWHUGDSDWGLNHEXQSHUFREDDQ7OHNXQJ0DODQJDGDODK
DOSXNDW PHUDK SDQMDQJ PHUDK EXQGDU GLFNVRQ EXWOHU ZLQVORZVRQ EHQLN SXHEOD
IXUHWHFROOLQVRQZDOGLQJDQWHUPH[FRODGXNHU\DQOHXFDGLDTXHHQ GDQHGUDQRO
0DQIDDW$OSXNDW
%DJLDQ WDQDPDQ DOSXNDW \DQJ EDQ\DN GLPDQIDDWNDQ DGDODK EXDKQ\D VHEDJDL
EDKDQ SDQJDQ 6HODLQ VHEDJDL EDKDQ SDQJDQ EXDK DOSXNDW MXJD GDSDW GLRODK XQWXN
GLMDGLNDQ EDKDQ GDVDU NRVPHWLN 'DXQ DOSXNDW EDQ\DN GLJXQDNDQ VHEDJDL EDKDQ
GDVDU IDUPDVL DQWDUD ODLQ VHEDJDL REDW XQWXN PHQJXUDQJL NHUXVDNDQ KDWL WHUPDVXN
MXJDNHUXVDNDQDNLEDWYLUXVKHSDWLWLVPHQJDWDVLEDWXJLQMDOUHPDWLNGDQVDULDZDQ
0LQ\DN1DEDWL
%DKDQ XWDPD NRVPHWLN DGDODK PLQ\DN \DQJ PHQJDQGXQJ EDQ\DN YLWDPLQ
3DGD GXQLD LQGXVWUL NRVPHWLN GLJXQDNDQ PLQ\DN QDEDWL XQWXN PHPSURGXNVL FUHDP
DQWLNHUXW\DQJPHQJDQGXQJYLWDPLQXQWXNPHOHPEXWNDQGDQPHPEHULNDQHODVWLVLWDV
\DQJ WLQJJL +DO LQL GLNDUHQDNDQ PLQ\DN QDEDWL PHQJDQGXQJ EDQ\DN YLWDPLQ \DQJ
GDSDWPHPEHULNDQQXWULVLSDGDNXOLW
,QGXVWUL NRVPHWLN WHUXV PHQFDUL WHURERVDQ EDUX XQWXN PHPSHUROHK VXDWX
SURGXN \DQJ PHPXDVNDQ 6DODK VDWX XSD\D \DQJ GLODNXNDQ DGDODK PHQJHPEDQJNDQ
PLQ\DN QDEDWL VHEDJDL EDKDQ EDNX SDGD SHPEXDWDQ FUHDP 0LQ\DN QDEDWL FRFRN
XQWXN GLNHPEDQJNDQ GL QHJDUD VHSHUWL ,QGRQHVLD NDUHQD OHWDNQ\D GL GDHUDK WURSLV
PHQ\HEDENDQ ,QGRQHVLD PHPLOLNL EDQ\DN VXPEHU PLQ\DN QDEDWL 0LQ\DN QDEDWL
XPXPQ\D WHUGDSDW SDGD ELML GDQ GDJLQJ EXDK QDPXQ GDSDW SXOD GLWHPXNDQ SDGD
DNDUEDWDQJUDQWLQJGDQGDXQWDQDPDQ>.LUVFKHQEDXHU@3DGDXPXPQ\DRUDQJ
PHPDNDQ EXDK GDQ ELMLQ\D GLEXDQJ 0LQ\DN QDEDWL \DQJ EHUDVDO GDUL ELMLELMLDQ
PHPLOLNLQLODLHNRQRPLV\DQJFXNXSEHVDUNDUHQDELML\DQJGLEXDQJLWXGDSDWGLRODK
NHPEDOLVHKLQJJDPHQJKDVLONDQQLODLHNRQRPL\DQJOHELKEHVDU
.RPSRQHQ XWDPD ELML DGDODK PLQ\DN SURWHLQ NDUERKLGUDW GDQ VHUDW
VHGDQJNDQ NRPSRQHQXWDPDLQWLQ\DDGDODKSURWHLQGDQOLSLGPLQ\DNGDQOHPDN
6WUXNWXUGDQ.RPSRVLVL0LQ\DNGDQ/HPDN
/HPDN GDQ PLQ\DN PHUXSDNDQ ]DW \DQJ WLGDN ODUXW GL GDODP DLU .RPSRQHQ
XWDPDQ\D DGDODK JOLVHULO WULHVWHU GDUL EHUEDJDL DVDP OHPDN /HPDN ELDVDQ\D GLNHQDO
XQWXNWULJOLVHULGDEHUEHQWXNSDGDWDWDXVHPLSDGDWSDGDWHPSHUDWXUNDPDUVHGDQJNDQ
PLQ\DNXQWXNWULJOLVHULGDEHUEHQWXNFDLUSDGDVXKXNDPDU
0LQ\DN QDEDWL DGDODK FDPSXUDQ NRPSOHNV WULJOLVHULGD JOLVHULO WULHVWHU GDUL
EHUEDJDLDVDPOHPDN>&RILHOG@0LQ\DNQDEDWLPHPLOLNLNDQGXQJDQ
WULJOLVHULGD VHUWD VHGLNLW PRQRJOLVHULGD GLJOLVHULGD GDQ NRPSRQHQ QRQWULJOLVHULGD
SKRVSKDWLGD NDUERKLGUDW WXUXQDQ NDUERKLGUDW GDQ SURWHLQ 7ULJOLVHULGD GDSDW
WHUEHQWXN GDUL NRQGHQVDVL VDWX PROHNXO JOLVHURO GHQJDQ WLJD PROHNXO DVDP OHPDN
\DQJ PHQJKDVLONDQ WLJD PROHNXO +2 GDQ VDWX PROHNXO WULJOLVHULGD >6ZHUQ@
5HDNVLQ\DGDSDWGLOLKDWSDGD*DPEDUEHULNXWLQL
+ +
+ & 2+ + 22& 5 + 2+ + & 22& 5
+ & 2+ + 22& 5 + 2+ + & 22& 5
+ & 2+ + 22& 5 + 2+ + & 22& 5
+ +
*OLVHURO $VDP/HPDN $LU7ULJOLVHULGD
*DPEDU5HDNVL3HPEHQWXNDQ7ULJOLVHULGD
7ULJOLVHULGD\DQJJXJXVDVDPOHPDNQ\DVHMHQLV5 5 5GLNHQDOGHQJDQ

QDPD WULJOLVHULGD VHGHUKDQD 7ULJOLVHULGD \DQJ JXJXV DVDP OHPDNQ\D WHUGLUL GDUL
DWDXMHQLVDVDPOHPDNGLVHEXWWULJOLVHULGDFDPSXUDQ
0RQRJOLVHULGDGDQGLJOLVHULGDKDQ\DPHQJDQGXQJDWDXJXJXVDVDPOHPDN
VHUWDPHPSXQ\DLDWDXJXJXVKLGURNVLOGDODPPROHNXOQ\D0RQR GDQGLJOLVHULGD
LQL WHUEHQWXN GDUL KLGUROLVLV SDUVLDO OHPDN &DPSXUDQ GDUL PRQR GDQ GLJOLVHULGD
PXGDKGLKDVLONDQGDULJOLVHUROGDQDVDPOHPDN
$VDP/HPDN
7ULJOLVHULGD WHUVXVXQ GDUL DVDPDVDP OHPDN 6LIDWVLIDW WULJOLVHULGD DPDW
EHUKXEXQJDQ GHQJDQ DVDP OHPDN SHQ\XVXQQ\D $VDPDVDP OHPDN XWDPD \DQJ
WHUGDSDWGDODPOHPDNGDQPLQ\DNDGDODKDVDPSDOPLWDWDVDPVWHDUDWDVDPROHDWGDQ
DVDPOLQROHDW>)HVVHQGHQ )HVVHQGHQ@
0HQXUXW %URGO\ DVDP OHPDN GDSDW GLEDJL PHQMDGL JRORQJDQ \DLWX DVDP
OHPDNMHQXKGDQDVDPOHPDNWDNMHQXKNHGXDQ\DPHQJDQGXQJ UDQWDL&\DQJSDQMDQJ
GDQ EHUNDLWDQ GHQJDQ JXJXV DVDP DWDX NDUERNVLO &22+ SDGD XMXQJ PROHNXOQ\D
>+LOGLWFK@
$VDP/HPDN-HQXK
$VDPOHPDNMHQXKPHPLOLNLWLWLNOHOHKWLQJJLWLGDNUHDNWLIGDQVHOXUXKDWRP
NDUERQ \DQJ WLGDN WHUOHWDN GL XMXQJ PHQJLNDW EXDK DWRP KLGURJHQ WDQSD DGDQ\D
LNDWDQUDQJNDS>6ZHUQ@GHQJDQUXPXVPROHNXO&Q+Q&22+7LWLNOHOHKGDQ
DVDPOHPDNMHQXKDNDQPHQLQJNDWVHLULQJGHQJDQVHPDNLQSDQMDQJQ\DUDQWDL/HPDN
WXPEXKDQ \DQJ PHPLOLNL OHELK EDQ\DN DVDP MHQXK GHQJDQ DWRP & VDPSDL GHQJDQ
& PHPLOLNL WLWLN OHOHK \DQJ OHELK WLQJJL GDUL SDGD DVDP OHPDN \DQJ WHUGLUL GDUL
DVDPWLGDNMHQXKGHQJDQDWRP&VDPSDLGHQJDQ&
$VDP OHPDN \DQJ EDQ\DN WHUGDSDW GDODP PLQ\DN QDEDWL DGDODK DVDP VWHDUDW
&+&22+GDQDVDPSDOPLWDW&+&22+
+ + + +
& & & &
+ + + +
*DPEDU5DQWDL.DUERQ$VDP/HPDN-HQXK
$VDP/HPDN7DN-HQXK
$VDP OHPDN WDN MHQXK PHPLOLNL WLWLN OHOHK UHQGDK PHQJDQGXQJ LNDWDQ
UDQJNDS GDQ PXGDK EHUHDNVL GHQJDQ RNVLJHQ PDXSXQ ]DW]DW ODLQ >6ZHUQ@
3DGD NHQ\DWDDQQ\D VHOXUXK DVDP OHPDN WDN MHQXK GDSDW GLWHPXNDQ VHFDUD DODPL
GDODPEHQWXNUDQWDLDVDP\DQJOXUXVQDPXQNDUHQDKLGURJHQDVLPDNDMHQLVDVDPLQL
GDSDWWHUNRQYHUVLPHQMDGLDVDPOHPDNMHQXK>+LOGLWFK@
+ + + +
& & & &
+ +
*DPEDU5DQWDL.DUERQ$VDP/HPDN7DN-HQXK
0HWRGH3HQJDPELODQ0LQ\DNGDQ/HPDNGDUL%LML%XDK
$GDEHEHUDSDFDUD\DQJGDSDWGLODNXNDQWHUPDVXNPHPEXDW EXEXUGDQ
PHODNXNDQSUHVVLQJSDGDWHNDQDQWLQJJLSDGDEDJLDQ\DQJNHULQJ6HODLQLWXGDSDW
SXODGLODNXNDQGHQJDQHNVWUDNVLVROYHQWPHQHNDQNHOXDUSUHGGLQJGDQHNVWUDNVL
FHQWULIXJDO3DGDVNDODNHFLOWHODKGLEXNWLNDQEDKZDGDULPLQ\DN\DQJWHUGDSDW
SDGDELMLDOSXNDWGDSDWGLDPELOVHWHODKPHQJDODPLSURVHVSURVHVWHUVHEXWGDQ
NHPXGLDQMLNDGLSURVHVOHELKODQMXWGDSDWGLSHUROHKGDULPLQ\DN\DQJGDSDW
GLDPELO
3DGDEXDKDOSXNDWVHFDUDNHVHOXUXKDQPHQJDQGXQJPLQ\DN\DQJFXNXSEHVDU
6HWLDS EDJLDQ GDUL EXDK DOSXNDW PHPLOLNL NDQGXQJDQ PLQ\DN \DQJ EHUEHGDEHGD
.DQGXQJDQ PLQ\DN \DQJ SDOLQJ EDQ\DN WHUGDSDW SDGD EXDK \DLWX VHEHVDU
NDGXQJDQ PLQ\DN SDGD NXOLW DOSXNDW VHEHVDU GDQ NDQGXQJDQ OHPDN SDGD ELML
DOSXNDWVHEHVDU.DQGXQJDQLQLGDSDWGLOLKDWSDGDJDPEDU
&DUDXQWXNPHQJDPELOPLQ\DNGDULELMLEXDKGDODPKDOLQLELMLDOSXNDW\DLWX
GDSDW GLODNXNDQ VHFDUD PHNDQLN PHQJJXQDNDQ WHNDQDQ SHQJHPSDDQ GDQ VHFDUD
HNVWUDNVLPHQJJXQDNDQSHODUXW7XMXDQGDULNHGXDPHWRGHWHUVHEXWDGDODK>:LOOLDPV
@
8QWXN PHPLVDKNDQ PLQ\DN VHEDQ\DN PXQJNLQ GDUL SDGDWDQ \DQJ
PHQJDQGXQJPLQ\DNWHUVHEXW
6LVDSHQJHPSDDQGDSDWGLJXQDNDQVHEDJDLSXSXNDWDXSDNDQWHUQDN
6HFDUD XPXP SHUROHKDQ PLQ\DN GDUL ELML VXPEHU OHELK EHVDU ELOD GLODNXNDQ
GHQJDQFDUDHNVWUDNVLSHODUXWGLEDQGLQJNDQGHQJDQSHQJHPSDDQPHNDQLN3HUEHGDDQ
SHUROHKDQ PLQ\DN EHUYDULDVL NDUHQD GLSHQJDUXKL ROHK NRQGLVL RSHUDVL GDQ MHQLV
PDWHULDO\DQJEHUEHGD3HUEHGDDQDQWDUDSHQJHPSDDQPHNDQLNGDQHNVWUDNVLSHODUXW
GLVDMLNDQSDGD7DEHO
7DEHO 3HUEHGDDQDQWDUDSHQJHPSDDQPHNDQLNGDQHNVWUDNVLSHODUXW
3HQJHPSDDQ0HNDQLN (NVWUDNVL3HODUXW
5HVLGXEHUXSDSDGDWDQ\DQJGLVHEXWEXQJNLO 5HVLGXEHUXSDVHUSLKDQ IODNH
5HVLGXPDVLKPHQJDQGXQJPLQ\DNVHEDQ\DN 5HVLGXKDQ\DPHQJDQGXQJPLQ\DNVHEDQ\DN

3HQJHPSDDQ0HNDQLN
'DODP WHNQRORJL SHQJHPSDDQ PHNDQLN WHUGDSDW GXD NHODV PDWHULDO VXPEHU
OHPDN>:LOOLDPV@$GDSXQNHODVPDWHULDOWHUVHEXWDGDODK
0DWHULDO \DQJ PHPLOLNL NDQGXQJDQ PLQ\DN WLQJJL XPXPQ\D KDUXV
GLNHPSDGXDNDOL
0DWHULDOGHQJDQNDQGXQJDQPLQ\DNUHQGDKXPXPQ\DFXNXSGLNHPSDVDWX
NDOL
0DWHUL \DQJ DNDQ GLNHPSD XPXPQ\D GLSDQDVNDQ WHUOHELK GDKXOX GDODP
WDQJNL WHUEXND 0DWHULDO GLSDQDVNDQ VDPSDL VXKX \DQJ GLLQJLQNDQ EDUX NHPXGLDQ
GLNHPSD
7LJDMHQLVPHWRGHGDODPSHQJHPSDDQ\DLWX
3HQJHPSDDQ+LGUROLN
3HQJHPSDDQ8OLU
%DKDQPHQWDKPDVXNVHFDUDNRQWLQXNHGDODPUXDQJGLDQWDUDVHEXDKXOLU
EHVL GDQ VHOXEXQJ ORJDP \DQJ EHUOXEDQJ .HWLND EDKDQ PHQWDK WHUWHNDQ
ROHK JHUDN XOLU PDND PLQ\DN \DQJ WHUNDQGXQJ GLGDODPQ\D DNDQ WHUSHUDK
GDQPHUHPEHVNHOXDUPHODOXLOXEDQJSDGDVHOXEXQJ
3HQJHPSDDQ6HQWULIXJDO
3HQJHPSDDQ MHQLV LQL GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ PHPDQIDDWNDQ JD\D VHQWULIXJDO
XQWXNPHPLVDKNDQPLQ\DNGDULEDKDQPHQWDK%LDVDQ\DGLJXQDNDQXQWXN
SHQJDPELODQPLQ\DNGDULGDJLQJGDQNHODSDVDZLW
0HWRGHSHQJDPELODQPLQ\DNVHFDUDSHQJHPSDDQPHNDQLNKDQ\DDNDQHIHNWLI
MLND PLQ\DN \DQJ GLNDQGXQJ ! 0HWRGH LQL OHELK PXUDK GDQ OHELK PXGDK
GLODNXNDQ XQWXN ELMLELMLDQ GHQJDQ NDQGXQJDQ OHPDN \DQJ EHVDU PLVDOQ\D NDFDQJ
WDQDKGDQNRSUD
3HQJDPELODQ PLQ\DN GDUL EDKDQ PHQWDKQ\D ELDVD OHELK VHPSXUQD MLND
GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ PHWRGH HNVWUDNVL PHQJJXQDNDQ SHODUXW 3DGD SHUODNXDQ PHNDQLN
UHVLGX GDUL SURVHV SHQJDPELODQ PLQ\DN ELDVDQ\D -LND GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ
HNWUDNVLUHVLGX\DQJGLKDVLONDQKDQ\D \DQJMHODVDNDQOHELKPHQJXQWXQJNDQ
0DQIDDWPLQ\DNDOSXNDWVHODLQXQWXNGXQLDLQGXVWULNRVPHWLNDGDODK
XQWXNPHPSURGXNVLSHZDQJL\DQJPHPEHULNDQEDX\DQJDODPL
XQWXNSHQJREDWDQVHEDJDLVXPEHUDODPL\DQJPHQJDQGXQJYLWDPLQ(GDQ'
XQWXNGXQLDNHGRNWHUDQGLJXQDNDQXQWXNPHQJXUDQJLNROHVWURO \DQJWHUGDSDW
GLGDODPWXEXKGDQXQWXNPHQVWLPXODVLNHUMDKRUPRQ
SDGDLQGXVWULGDSDWGLJXQDNDQVHEDJDLSHOXPDV
(NVWUDNVL 3HODUXW

(NVWUDNVLDGDODKSURVHVSHPLVDKDQVXDWX]DW\DQJGDSDWODUXWNHGDODPVXDWX
SHODUXW GDUL FDPSXUDQQ\D GHQJDQ VXDWX SDGDWDQ DWDX GDUL ODUXWDQQ\D GDODP SHODUXW
ODLQ =DW \DQJ GDSDW ODUXW LQL VHODQMXWQ\D GLVHEXW VROXWH 0HWRGH SDOLQJ VHGHUKDQD
XQWXNPHQJHNVWUDNVROXWH \DLWXGHQJDQPHQFDPSXUNDQVHOXUXKEDKDQXPSDQGHQJDQ
SHODUXW NHPXGLDQ GLODNXNDQ SURVHV SHPLVDKDQ DQWDUD SHODUXW GDQ EDKDQ \DQJ WHODK
GLHNVWUDN>%URZQ@6HMDXKLQLWHODKGLNHQDOGXDPDFDPSURVHVHNVWUDNVL\DLWX
HNVWUDNVL SDGDWFDLU GDQ HNVWUDNVL FDLUFDLU 3URVHV HNVWUDNVL \DQJ GLODNXNDQ GDODP
SHQJDPELODQ PLQ\DN GDUL ELMLELMLDQ DGDODK HNVWUDNVL SDGDW FDLU OHDFKLQJ NDUHQD
PDWHULDODVDOVROXWH PLQ\DNDGDODKSDGDWDQELML
3URVHVHNVWUDNVLGDSDWEHUODQJVXQJNDUHQDDGDQ\DSHUEHGDDQNHODUXWDQVROXWH
GLDQWDUDXPSDQGDQSHODUXW(NVWUDNVLGDSDWEHUODQJVXQJRSWLPDOMLNDNHODUXWDQVROXWH
GDODP SHODUXW OHELK EHVDU GDUL NHODUXWDQ VROXWH GDODP XPSDQ GHQJDQ GHPLNLDQ
SHPLOLKDQSHODUXW\DQJVHVXDLPHQMDGLKDOXWDPD\DQJKDUXVGLSHUWLPEDQJNDQ'DODP
HNVWUDNVL SDGDWFDLU IDNWRU WHPSHUDWXU WXUXW PHPSHQJDUXKL ODMX HNVWUDNVL
>%HYHUORR:$@3DGDWHPSHUDWXUWLQJJLYLVNRVLWDVFDLUDQPHQMDGLUHQGDKGDQ
GLIXVLYLWDVVHPDNLQWLQJJLKDOLQLPHQ\HEDENDQNHODUXWDQVROXWH GDODPSHODUXWDNDQ
VHPDNLQWLQJJLODMXHNVWUDNVLDNDQPHQLQJNDW1DPXQWHPSHUDWXU\DQJWHUODOXWLQJJL
GDSDW PHQ\HEDENDQ WXUXW WHUHNVWUDNQ\D ]DW ODLQ \DQJ WLGDN GLLQJLQNDQ GDQ
PHQLPEXONDQNHUXVDNDQEDKDQGDODPSDGDWDQ
3DGD SURVHV HNVWUDNVL PLQ\DN EHUSLQGDK GDUL ELML VHFDUD GLIXVL GDQ
SHUSLQGDKDQ PLQ\DN GDUL ELML NH SHODUXW EHUODQJVXQJ WHUXV PHQHUXV VDPSDL
NHVHWLPEDQJDQ WHUFDSDL /DMX GLIXVL LQL VHEDQGLQJ GHQJDQ OXDV SHUPXNDDQ GDUL
SDUWLNHOELMLGDQEHUEDQGLQJWHUEDOLNGHQJDQNHWHEDODQELML2OHKNDUHQDLWXELML\DQJ
DNDQ GLHNVWUDNVL XPXPQ\D GLXEDK PHQMDGL EHQWXN NHULSLN PDXSXQ GLKDQFXUNDQ
>&RILHOG@
(NVWUDNVLSHODUXWGDSDWGLODNXNDQGHQJDQGXDPDFDPFDUD\DLWXVHFDUDEDWFK
GDQNRQWLQX
(NVWUDNVL%DWFK
(NVWUDNVL VHFDUD EDWFK GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ SHQJRQWDNNDQ DQWDUD SDGDWDQ GDQ
SHODUXWVHEDQ\DNVDWXNDOL.HOHPDKDQGDULSURVHVLQLDGDODKVROXWH \DQJEHUSLQGDKNH
SHODUXW WLGDN WHUODOX EDQ\DN MXPODKQ\D VHKLQJJD SHUROHKDQQ\D NXUDQJ RSWLPDO
%HEHUDSD NHOHPDKDQ ODLQQ\D DGDODK XDS \DQJ PXGDK WHUEDNDU XDS GDUL SHODUXW
EHUDFXQGDQXDSSHODUXWGDSDWWHUOHSDVNHXGDUDEHEDVNDUHQDSHQJXDSDQ
3HODUXW
8PSDQ 5DILQDW
(NVWUDN
*DPEDU(NVWUDNVL7DKDS(NVWUDNVL%DWFK
(NVWUDNVL.RQWLQX
(NVWUDNVLNRQWLQXDGDODKSHUNHPEDQJDQOHELKODQMXWGDULPHWRGHEDWFK GHQJDQ
PHQJJXQDNDQ DOLUDQ SHODUXW FURVVIORZ PDXSXQ FRXQWHUFXUUHQW (NVWUDNVL NRQWLQX
GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ PHQJRQWDNNDQ SDGDWDQ EHEHUDSD NDOL GHQJDQ SHODUXW VHVXDL
GHQJDQ MXPODK WDKDS VHKLQJJD DNDQ PHPEXDW SHUROHKDQ HNVWUDN PHQMDGL OHELK
PDNVLPDO.HOHPDKDQGDULSURVHVHNVWUDNVLLQLDGDODKSHUDODWDQ\DQJPDKDOVHKLQJJD
ELDVDQ\DKDQ\DGLJXQDNDQGDODPVNDODLQGXVWUL
(NVWUD N (NVWUD N (NVWUD N
8P S D Q 5D ILQD W
3H OD UX W
*DPEDU(NVWUDNVL.RQWLQX$OLUDQ&URVVIORZ
6NHPD GLDWDV DGDODK HNVWUDNVL NRQWLQX GHQJDQ DOLUDQ FURVVIORZ .RQWDN DQWDUD
SDGDWDQ GHQJDQ SHODUXW GLODNXNDQ EHEHUDSD WDKDS GLPDQD DOLUDQ EDZDK GDUL WDKDS
\DQJVDWXGLNRQWDNNDQGHQJDQSHODUXWEDUXSDGDWDKDSEHULNXWQ\D
8PSDQ 5DILQDW
(NVWUDN 3HODUXW
*DPEDU(NVWUDNVL.RQWLQX$OLUDQ&RXQWHUFXUUHQW
(NVWUDNVL NRQWLQXGHQJDQDOLUDQFRXQWHUFXUUHQW WHUMDGLSHQJRQWDNNDQSDGDWDQEDUX

GHQJDQSHODUXW\DQJWHODKEDQ\DNPHQJDQGXQJVROXWH VHEDJDLKDVLONRQWDNGDULWDKDS
EHULNXWQ\D 6HGDQJNDQ SDGDWDQ \DQJ NDQGXQJDQ VROXWHQ\D WHODK PHQLSLV
GLNRQWDNNDQGHQJDQSHODUXWVHJDU
6HFDUD XPXP SURVHV SHQJDPELODQ PLQ\DN GDUL ELMLELMLDQ GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ

WDKDSDQ SHUVLDSDQ DZDO ELML HNVWUDNVL PLQ\DN GDUL ELML GHQJDQ SHODUXW \DQJ VHVXDL
SHQJRQWDNNDQ SDGDWDQ GHQJDQ SHODUXW SHPLVDKDQ IUDNVL SHODUXW GDQ PLQ\DN
SHPLVDKDQDQWDUD HNVWUDNGDQUDILQDWGDQSHPLVDKDQSHODUXWGDULUHVLGXGLVWLODVL
'DODP VNDOD LQGXVWUL SURVHV SHPXUQLDQ PLQ\DN \DQJ GLGDSDW GDUL ELML EXDK
ELDVDQ\DGLODNXNDQGHQJDQEHEHUDSDWDKDSGLDQWDUDQ\D
3HPXUQLDQGDUL)RVIDWLGD)RVIROLSLGD\DLWXGHQJDQ+LGUDVL'HJXPPLQJ
3HPXUQLDQGDULNHDVDPDQ 1HWUDOLVDVL
3HPXUQLDQGDULEDKDQEHUZDUQD %OHDFKLQJ
3HPXUQLDQGDULEDXGDQUDVD 'HRGRUL]LQJ
+DO \DQJ KDUXV PHQMDGL SHUKDWLDQ GDODP SURVHV HNVWUDNVL DGDODK

PHQGDSDWNDQ SHUROHKDQ \DQJ EDLN VHPXUQL PXQJNLQ KDVLO \DQJ GLSHUROHK EDQ\DN
VHVXDLGHQJDQNHHNRQRPLDQSURVHVGDQPHQJKDVLONDQUHVLGXGHQJDQQLODL\DQJFXNXS
WLQJJL
3HPLOLKDQ3HODUXWGDODP3URVHV(NVWUDNVL
3DGDSURVHVHNVWUDNVLKDO\DQJSDOLQJSHQWLQJDGDODKSHPLOLKDQMHQLVSHODUXW
0HQXUXW+HDOWKGDQ5HLQHFFLXVKDOXWDPD\DQJKDUXVGLSHUKDWLNDQGDODPSHPLOLKDQ
SHODUXWDGDODKGD\DPHODUXWNDQWLWLNGLGLKSHODUXWPXGDKWLGDNQ\DSHODUXWWHUEDNDU
VLIDWUDFXQGDQVLIDWNRURVLIWHUKDGDSSHUDODWDQHNVWUDNVL6HODLQLWXVSHVLILFJUDYLWLHV
YLVNRVLWDVGDQNHFHQGHUXQJDQXQWXNPHQ\DWXGHQJDQHPXOVLMXJDSHUOXGLSHUKDWLNDQ
0HQXUXW 6RPDDWPDGMD SHODUXW \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ KDUXV PHPLOLNL GD\D PHODUXWNDQ
VROXWH \DQJWLQJJLGHQJDQNDWDODLQNHSRODUDQSHODUXWKDUXVVHVXDLGHQJDQNHSRODUDQ
EDKDQ\DQJDNDQGLHNVWUDN
3RODULWDV VXDWX SHODUXW GDSDW GLOLKDW GDUL NRQVWDQWD GLHOHNWULNQ\D 6HPDNLQ
EHVDUNRQVWDQWDGLHOHNWULNPDNLQSRODUSHODUXWWHUVHEXW>/HZLV'@3HODUXW\DQJ
XPXP GLJXQDNDQ GDODP HNVWUDNVL OHPDN DGDODK KHNVDQD HWDQRO LVRSURSDQRO HWHU
HWLOHQGLNORULGDGDQDVHWRQ7LWLNGLGLKGDQNRQVWDQWDGLHOHNWULNXQWXNPDVLQJPDVLQJ
SHODUXWGDSDWGLOLKDWSDGD7DEHO>3HUU\*ODVVWRQH@0LQ\DNQDEDWL
WHUVXVXQ DWDV PROHNXOPROHNXO \DQJ EHUVLIDW NXUDQJ SRODU KDO LQL PHQ\HEDENDQ
KHNVDQD DNDQ GDSDW PHQJHNVWUDN PLQ\DN OHELK EDQ\DN GLEDQGLQJNDQ NDUERQ
WHWUDNORULGDGDQDVHWRQ>-RKQVRQ /XVDV$\HUV 'RROH\@
9ROXPH SHODUXW DNDQ PHPSHQJDUXKL MXPODK OHPDN \DQJ GDSDW GLHNVWUDN
6HPDNLQ EHVDU YROXPH SHODUXW MXPODK VROXWH \DQJ WHUHNVWUDN DNDQ VHPDNLQ EHVDU
VDPSDL ODUXWDQ WHUVHEXW MHQXK VHWHODK LWX SHQDPEDKDQ YROXPH SHODUXW WLGDN DNDQ
PHPSHUEHVDUSHUROHKDQ>6XU\DQGDUL@
7DEHO 7LWLNGLGLKGDQNRQVWDQWDGLHOHNWULNSHODUXW
-HQLV3HODUXW 7LWLNGLGLK& .RQVWDQWDGLHOHNWULN&
$VHWRQ
.DUERQ7HWUDNORULGD
(WDQRO
+HNVDQD
0HWDQRO

0HWRGH3HUVLDSDQ%LMLXQWXN(NVWUDNVL
%LMLELMLDQ \DQJ DNDQ GLHNWUDNVL XQWXN GLDPELO PLQ\DNQ\D PHQJDQGXQJ
NRQWDPLQDQ2OHKNDUHQDLWXSHUOXGLODNXNDQSHUODNXDQDZDOXQWXNPHQGDSDWNDQ
SHUROHKDQ\DQJRSWLPXPGDODPSURVHVHNVWUDNVL3HUODNXDQDZDOLQLMXJDEHUJXQD
XQWXNPHQLQJNDWNDQNXDOLWDVPLQ\DN\DQJGLSHUROHK>+XWFKLQV@
3HPEHUVLKDQ%LML
%LML\DQJDNDQGLHNVWUDNVLELDVDQ\DEDQ\DNPHQJDQGXQJVDPSDKNRWRUDQ
SDVLU GDQ PDWHUL \DQJ WHUGDSDW SDGD ELML DOSXNDW .RQWDPLQDQ LQL SHUOX
GLKLODQJNDQ 0HUXSDNDQ WDKDS \DQJ SHQWLQJ GDODP SHUVLDSDQ ELML VHEHOXP
HNVWUDNVL GLPDQD NRQWDPLQ VHSHUWL SDVLU EDWX NHULNLO OXPSXU GDQ GDXQ DNDQ
GLKLODQJNDQ 3HPEHUVLKDQ ELML \DQJ PHPDGDL DNDQ PHQLQJNDWNDQ NDSDVLWDV
PHQJXUDQJL SHUODNXDQ SDGD SURVHV VHODQMXWQ\D GDQ PHQLQJNDWNDQ NXDOLWDV
PLQ\DN>+XWFKLQV@
3HQJHOXSDVDQGDQ3HPLVDKDQ.XOLW%LML
%LML PHPLOLNL ODSLVDQ OXDU \DQJ GLVHEXW NXOLW ELML \DQJ PHQJDQGXQJ VHUDW
DODPL GDQ GDSDW PHQJJDQJJX SURVHV HNVWUDNVL $GDQ\D NXOLW ELML SDGD SURVHV
HNVWUDNVL DNDQ PHQJDNLEDWNDQ SHUROHKDQ PLQ\DN WLGDN DNDQ RSWLPDO +DO LQL
GLNDUHQDNDQNXOLWELMLPHQ\HUDSVHEDJLDQSHODUXW3HPLVDKDQNXOLWGDULELMLGDSDW
GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQFDUDSHQJHOXSDVDQ3URVHVSHQJHOXSDVDQLQLGLODNXNDQGHQJDQ
EDU DWDX GLVF KXOOHU ODOX GLLNXWL GHQJDQ VHGLNLW SURVHV SHPLVDKDQ NXOLW WHUVHEXW
GDULELML\DQJVXGDKEHUVLK>&RILHOG@
3HQJJLOLQJDQ%LML
3URVHVHNVWUDNVLSHUOXGLODNXNDQSHQJHFLODQXNXUDQELMLDJDUPHQGDSDWNDQ
SHUROHKDQPLQ\DN\DQJPDNVLPXP3HQJHFLODQXNXUDQLQLGDSDWGLODNXNDQGHQJQD
FDUDSHQJJLOLQJDQ-XPODKPLQ\DN\DQJGDSDWGLHNVWUDNVLGDULELMLPHODOXLHNWUDNVL
SHODUXW EHUEDQGLQJ OXUXV GHQJDQ OXDV SHUPXNDDQ ELML 3HQJJLOLQJDQ DNDQ
PHPSHUEHVDU OXDV SHUPXNDDQ VHKLQJJD PLQ\DN DNDQ OHELK EDQ\DN \DQJ DNDQ
WHUHNVWUDN0LQ\DNGDODPELMLWHUGDSDWGLGDODPVHOEHUPLQ\DN\DQJDPDWNHFLOGDQ

GLEXQJNXVROHKGLQGLQJVHO8QWXNPHQGDSDWNDQPLQ\DNGDODPVHOEHUPLQ\DNLQL
PDND GLQGLQJ VHOQ\D KDUXV GLSHFDKNDQ GHQJDQ FDUD PHPEHULNDQ WHNDQDQ \DQJ
EHVDU SDGD ELML VDDW SHQJJLOLQJDQ 6HPDNLQ EDQ\DN GLQGLQJ VHO EHUPLQ\DN \DQJ
GDSDW GLSHFDKNDQ PDND VHPDNLQ FHSDW SXOD SHUSLQGDKDQ PLQ\DN NH SHODUXW
NDUHQD ODMX HNVWUDNVL PLQ\DN PHODOXL GLQGLQJ VHO EHUEDQGLQJ WHUEDOLN GHQJDQ
NXDGUDWGDULNHWHEDODQELML>%HUQDUGLQL@
'HQJDQ GHPLNLDQ XQWXN SHUSLQGDKDQ PLQ\DN \DQJ PDNVLPDO GLKDUDSNDQ
ELMLGDSDWGLEXDWVHWLSLVPXQJNLQ1DPXQDSDELODELMLGLJLOLQJWHUODOXKDOXVPDND
WLPEXO NHFHQGHUXQJDQ EDKDQ WHUVHEXW DNDQ PHQ\XPEDW GDQ PHQJKDPEDW DOLUDQ
SHODUXW >:LOOLDPV @ 2OHK VHEDE LWX OHELK GLLQJLQNDQ ELML GDODP EHQWXN
NHULSLNPDXSXQVHUEXNNDVDUGDULSDGDEHUXSDSDUWLNHOKDOXV
3HPDQDVDQDWDX3HPDVDNDQ
3HPDQDVDQ ELML VHEHOXP GLHNVWUDNVL GLVDUDQNDQ SHUOX GLODNXNDQ XQWXN
PHQLQJNDWNDQHILVLHQVLHNVWUDNVLNDUHQD>%HUQDUGLQL@
D 7HWHVWHWHV PLQ\DN \DQJ WHUGLVWULEXVL PHODOXL ELML PHPLOLNL XNXUDQ

XOWUDPLNURVNRSLN .HQDLNDQ WHPSHUDWXUH PHQJDNLEDWNDQ WHWHV PLQ\DN
WHUVHEXWDNDQPHQ\DWXPHQMDGL WHWHV\DQJOHELKEHVDUGDQPHQJDOLUNHOXDUGDUL
VHOELMLOHELKPXGDK
E 6HODPDSHPDVDNDQWHUMDGLGHQDWXUDVLSURWHLQGDQVHEHOXPSURWHLQWHUNRDJXODVL
NDUHQD GHQDWXUDVL WHUVHEXW WHWHVWHWHV PLQ\DN EHUDGD GDODP EHQWXN HPXOVL
.RDJXODVLPHQ\HEDENDQHPXOVLSHFDK GDQPLQ\DNQ\DWHUOHSDVVHKLQJJD\DQJ
SHUOXGLODNXNDQDGDODKPHPLVDKNDQPLQ\DNGDULEDJLDQSDGDWGDODPELML
3URVHV SHPDQDVDQ KDUXV VHODOX GLMDJD NRQGLVLQ\D DJDU WLGDN DGD SHUXEDKDQ
ILVLN GDQ NLPLD \DQJ GDSDW WHUMDGL VHODPD SURVHV HNVWUDNVL 2OHK NDUHQD LWX
NHQDLNDQWHPSHUDWXUKDUXVVHODOXGLMDJDXQWXNPHQMDJDNXDOLWDVGDULPLQ\DN
6HODLQ WHPSHUDWXUH IDFWRU ODLQ \DQJ LNXW PHPSHQJDUXKL SURVHV HNVWUDNVL
DGDODK NHOHPEDEDQ .RQGLVL RSWLPXP WHPSHUDWXU GDQ NHOHPEDEDQ SHUOX GLFDUL
XQWXN PHQJKDVLONDQ SHUROHKDQ PLQ\DN \DQJ PDNVLPXP GHQJDQ NXDOLWDV \DQJ
EDLN

'DUL SHQJDODPDQ GDQ KDVLO HNVSHULPHQ GLSHUROHK EDKDZD PLQ\DN ELMLELMLDQ

GHQJDQNHOHPEDEDQVHEHVDUDNDQVXOLWXQWXNGLHNVWUDNVLGDULSDGDELML\DQJ
PHPLOLNLNHOHPEDEDQVHEHVDU+DOLQLGLNDUHQDNDQNHWLNDKDPSLUVHOXUXKDLU
\DQJ WHUNDQGXQJ SDGD ELML KDELV PDND VHO PLQ\DN PHQMDGL VHPLSHUPHDEHO GDQ
SHUSLQGDKDQ PLQ\DN \DQJ GLNDQGXQJQ\D VXGDK WLGDN PXQJNLQ ODJL XQWXN
GLODNXNDQ
6HEDOLNQ\D DSDELOD NDQGXQJDQ DLU \DQJ WHUGDSDW SDGD ELML FXNXS EHVDU PDND
DNDQ WHUEHQWXN ODSLVDQ ILOP VHKLQJJD PHPSHUPXGDK GLIXVL PLQ\DN NHOXDU GDUL
ELML-DGLVHOELMLGLEXDWPHQMDGLSHUPHDEHONDUHQDDGDQ\DSDQDVGDQNHOHPEDEDQ

%$%,,,
%$+$1'$10(72'2/2*,3(1(/,7,$1
%DKDQ
%DKDQ%DNX
%DKDQEDKDQ \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ GDODP SHQHOLWLDQ LQL PHOLSXWL EDKDQ EDNX
XWDPDEDKDQSHQXQMDQJGDQEDKDQDQDOLVLV
%DKDQ%DNX8WDPD
%LMLDOSXNDW
%LML\DQJGLJXQDNDQEHUDVDOGDULEHUEDJDLPDFDPYDULHWDVWLGDNGLNKXVXVNDQ
XQWXNYDULHWDVWHUWHQWX%LMLDOSXNDW\DQJDNDQ GLJXQDNDQGLSHUROHKGDULSDVDU
&LUR\RP-O5DMDZDOL%DUDW
3HODUXWSHQJHNVWUDN
'DODP SHQHOLWLDQ GLJXQDNDQ YDULDVL SHODUXW RUJDQLN \DLWX DVHWRQ WG

&
KHNVDQDWG &GDQNDUERQWHWUDNORULGDWG &EHQ]HQHWG
&
3HODUXW KHNVDQD GLJXQDNDQ NDUHQD SHODUXW LQL VWDELO WLGDN NRURVLI GDQ
PHUXSDNDQ SHODUXW \DQJ SDOLQJ XPXP GLJXQDNDQ GDODP SURVHV HNVWUDNVL
NRPHUVLDO3HODUXWGLJXQDNDQGLSHUROHKGDULWRNRNLPLD%UDWDNR\DQJWHUGDSDW
GL-OQ.HOHQWHQJ%DQGXQJ
%DKDQ3HQXQMDQJ
%DKDQSHQXQMDQJ\DQJGLJXQDNDQDGDODKVDULQJDQGDQNHUWDVVDULQJXQWXN
PHPLVDKNDQ HNVWUDN GDQ UDILQDWQ\D \DLWX GHQJDQ PHQ\DULQJ SDGDWDQ VHKLQJJD
GLGDSDWPLQ\DNELMLGHQJDQNXDOLWDV\DQJEDLN

%DKDQ$QDOLVLV
%DKDQ DQDOLVLV DGDODK EDKDQ \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN PHQJDOLVLV VHEHUDSD
EDQ\DNSHUROHKDQOHPDNELODQJDQDVDPELODQJDQHVWHUGDQNXDQWLWDVGDULPHWLO
HVWHU \DQJ GLGDSDW %DKDQEDKDQ LQL DGDODK PHWDQRO NDOLXP NDUERQDW NDOLXP
KLGURNVLGDDVDPNORULGDLQGLNDWRUSKHQRSWDOHLQGDQNHUWDVWLPEDQJ
3HUDODWDQ
6HSHUWLKDOQ\DEDKDQEDNXSHUDODWDQ\DQJGLJXQDNDQGDODPSHQHOLWLDQLQL
PHOLSXWLSHUDODWDQXWDPDGDQSHUDODWDQSHQXQMDQJ
3HUDODWDQ8WDPD
3HUDODWDQHNVWUDNVL
(NVWUDNVL \DQJ DNDQ GLJXQDNDQ DGDODK HNVWUDNVL VHPL EDWFK 3HUDODWDQ
HNVWUDNVLWHUGLULGDULUHDNWRUEHUYROXPHOLWHU\DQJWHUEXDWGDULIOH[LJODVVGDQDGD
UHDNVWRU\DQJGLJXQDNDQXQWXNSHQJDPELODQVDPSOH$ODWLQLGLOHQJNDSLGHQJDQ
SHQJDGXNPDJQHWLFVWLUUHUZDWHUEDWKNRQGHQVRUGDQWHUPRPHWHU
*DPEDU$ODW
3URVHGXU3HQHOLWLDQ
3DGD SHQHOLWLDQ EHULNXW KDOKDO \DQJ SHUOX GLODNXNDQ XQWXN PHODNXNDQ
SHUFREDDQ+DOKDOLQLDGDODK
3HUVLDSDQ%LML$OSXNDW
%LML DOSXNDW \DQJ DNDQ GLHNVWUDNVL WHUOHELK GDKXOX DNDQ PHQJDODPL
SHUVLDSDQVHEDJDLEHULNXW
3HQFXFLDQ
%LML DOSXNDW VHJDU GLFXFL WHUOHELK GDKXOX GHQJDQ DLU XQWXN
PHQJKLODQJNDQVLVDVLVDGDJLQJEXDK\DQJPDVLKPHOHNDWGDQNRWRUDQ
ODLQQ\D 6HWHODK SHQFXFLDQ ELML DOSXNDW \DQJ WHODK EHUVLK GLNHULQJ
NHULQJNDQ GDODP XGDUD WHUEXND 3URVHV LQL EHUWXMXDQ DJDU ELML DOSXNDW
GDSDW GLVLPSDQ OHELK ODPD GDQ PHPSHUPXGDK SURVHV SHQJHOXSDVDQ
NXOLWELML
3HQJHOXSDVDQGDQSHPLVDKDQNXOLWELML

6HWHODKGLNHULQJNDQVHODQMXWQ\DELMLDOSXNDWGLVHVXDLNDQNDGDUDLUQ\D
GDQGLNHOXSDVNXOLWQ\DGHQJDQFDUDGLRYHQSDGDVXKX &
VHNLWDUMDPNHPXGLDQGLLNXWLGHQJDQSURVHVSHPLVDKDQNXOLWWHUVHEXW
GDULELML\DQJVXGDKEHUVLK
3HQJHFLODQXNXUDQ
%LMLDOSXNDWWHUPDVXNELMLGHQJDQXNXUDQEHVDUGDQSHQJHFLODQXNXUDQ
GLODNXNDQ PHODOXL SHQJJLOLQJDQ PHNDQLN EOHQGHU PHQMDGL EHQWXN
VHUEXN
3HQHQWXDQ.DGDU$LU
$QDOLVLVLQLEHUWXMXDQXQWXNPHQJHWDKXLVHEHUDSDEHVDUNDQGXQJDQDLU
DZDO \DQJ WHUGDSDW GDODP ELML GDQ VHWHODK PHQJDODPL SHUODNXDQ
0HWRGH \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN PHQHQWXNDQ NDGDU DLU DGDODK
JUDYLPHWUL &DZDQ \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN PHQLPEDQJ VDPSHO
GLNHULQJNDQ WHUOHELK GXOX GDODP RYHQ SDGD WHPSHUDWXU &
VHODPD PHQLW NHPXGLDQ GLGLQJLQNDQ GDODP GHVLNDWRU PHQLW
GLODQMXWNDQGHQJDQSHQLPEDQJDQ3URVHVGLXODQJLVDPSDLEHUDWFDZDQ
NRQVWDQ 6HODQMXWQ\D JUDP VDPSHO GLWXDQJ NH FDZDQ 6DPSHO
GLSDQDVNDQ GDODP RYHQ & VHODPD MDP 6HWHODK LWX FDZDQ
EHVHUWDVDPSHOGLGLQJLQNDQGDODPGHVLNDWRUEDUXNHPXGLDQGLWLPEDQJ
3URVHV SHPDQDVDQ VDPSDL SHQLPEDQJDQ GLODNXNDQ WHUXV PHQHUXV
VDPSDLEHUDW\DQJWHUXNXUNRQVWDQ-LNDWHUGDSDWSHUEHGDDQEHUDW\DQJ
NHFLOEHUDW\DQJGLFDWDWDGDODKEHUDWWHUHQGDK
%HUDW6DPSHO $ZDO %HUDW6DPSHO $NKLU
.DGDU$LU [
%HUDW6DPSHO $ZDO
3HQHQWXDQ6XKX

3HQHOLWLDQLQLEHUWXMXDQXQWXNPHQJHWDKXLVXKX\DQJSDOLQJEDLNGDODP
PHODNXNDQ HNVWUDNVL 6XKX RSHUDVL HNVWUVNVL LQL GLSLOLK EHUGDVDUNDQ
WLWLNGLGLKGDULVHWLDSMHQLVSHODUXW\DQJGLJXQDNDQ'DULNHHPSDWMHQLV
SHODUXW \DQJ DNDQ GLJXQDNDQ GL DPELO SDGD WLWLN GLGLK MHQLV SHODUXW
\DQJSDOLQJNHFLO+DOLQLGLODNXNDQGHQJDQSHUWLPEDQJDQVROYHQW\DQJ
GLJXQDNDQ WLGDN DNDQ FHSDW PHQJXDS SDGD WHPSHUDWXU \DQJ WHODK
GLWHQWXNDQ3HPLOLKDQVXKXDNDQPHPSHQJDUXKLSHUROHKDQGDULPLQ\DN
ELMLDOSXNDW
3HQHQWXDQ3HUEDQGLQJDQEHUDWELMLDOSXNDWGHQJDQYROXPHVROYHQW
3HQHOLWLDQ LQL EHUWXMXDQ XQWXN PHQHQWXNDQ SHUEDQGLQJDQ \DQJ WHSDW
XQWXN PHQGDSDWNDQ SHUROHKDQ PLQ\DN \DQJ RSWLPXP 6HODLQ GDUL
IDNWRU SHUROHKDQ PLQ\DN SHUOX MXJD GLDPDWL IDNWRU HILVLHQVL GDUL
SHPDNDLDQ VROYHQW SDGD SHQHOLWLDQ 3DGD SHQHQWXDQ SHUEDQGLQJDQ LQL
KDO \DQJ SHUOX GLSHUKDWLNDQ DGDODK WHUHQGDPQ\D ELML DOSXNDW ROHK
VROYHQW 'HQJDQ WHUHQGDPQ\D ELML DOSXNDW ROHK VROYHQW PDND SURVHV
HNVWUDNVLDNDQPHQJKDVLONDQKDVLO\DQJRSWLPXP
3HQHOLWLDQ8WDPD
(NVWUDNVL3HODUXW
3HQHOLWLDQLQLGLJXQDNDQXQWXNSHPLVDKDQGDQSHPXUQLDQPLQ\DNGDULELML
\DQJ WHODK PHQJDODPL SHUODNXDQ DZDO 7XMXDQ XWDPDQ\D DGDODK PHQJHWDKXL
SHQJDUXK YDULDEHO HNVWUDNVL WHUKDGDS SHUROHKDQ PLQ\DN 9DULDVL SHQHOLWLDQ
GLODNXNDQ WHUKDGDS MHQLV SHODUXW DVHWRQ KHNVDQD GDQ HWLOHQ GLNORULGD GDQ
NHFHSDWDQSHQJDGXNDQ6DPSHOGLWLPEDQJVHEDQ\DNJUDPODOXGLFDPSXUNDQ
GHQJDQ SHODUXW GHQJDQ SHUEDQGLQJDQ WHUWHQWX GL GDODP VHEXDK UHDNWRU (NVWUDNVL
GLODNXNDQ SDGD VXKX WHUWHQWX VHSHUWL \DQJ WHODK GLODNXNDQ SDGD SHQHOLWLDQ
SHQGDKXOXDQ
3HPLVDKDQ DNDQ GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ PHWRGH HNVWUDNVL VHPL
NRQWLQXVHSHUWL\DQJWHUGDSDWSDGDJDPEDU

3HUDODWDQ3HQXQMDQJ
3HUDODWDQ SHQXQMDQJ \DQJ GLEXWXKNDQ FDZDQ SHWUL FDZDQ DOXPXQLXP
FRURQJ RYHQ SHUDODWDQ JHODV JHODV XNXU JHODV NLPLD SLSHW WHWHV SLSHW YROXP
WDEXQJ UHDNVL FRURQJ SHPLVDK WLPEDQJDQ GLJLWDO HNVLNDWRU ZDWHUEDWK GDQ
UHIUDNWRPHWHU
5DQFDQJDQ3HUFREDDQ
5DQFDQJDQ 3HUFREDDQ IDFWRULDO WXQJJDO XQWXN SHUFREDDQ

SHQGDKXOXDQ
3DGD SHQHOLWLDQ LQL GXJQDNDQ UDQFDQJDQ SHUFREDDQ GHQJDQ IDNWRULDO
WXQJJDO VHEDJDL SHQGDKXOXDQ XQWXN PHQHQWXNDQ SHUEDQGLQJDQ DQWDUD YROXPH
SHODUXWGHQJDQEHUDWELMLDOSXNDW \DQJDNDQGLJXQDNDQGDODPHNVWUDNVLPLQ\DN
GDULELMLDOSXNDW 0RGHO\DQJGLJXQDNDQGDSDWGLOLKDWSDGDWDEHO
7DEHO0RGHOUDQFDQJDQSHUFREDDQ SHQGDKXOXDQ
3HUEDQGLQJDQEHUDWELML

GHQJDQYROXPHVROYHQW

3HUVDPDDQXQWXNUDQFDQJDQSHUFREDDQLQLDGDODKVHEDJDLEHULNXW
< 3L HLM
GLPDQD
< SHXEDK\DQJGLXNXU
UDWDUDWDXPXPSRSXODVLSHUODNXDQ
3L SDUDPHWHUSHUEDQGLQJDQEHUDWELMLGHQJDQYROXPHVROYHQW

HLM SHQJDUXKJDODWGLOXDUSHUEDQGLQJDQEHUDWELMLGHQJDQYROXPHVROYHQW
$QDOLVLV YDULDQ XQWXN UDQFDQJDQ SHUFREDDQ SHQGDKXOXDQ > 6XKDUWR GDQ *LULVXWD
@GDSDWGLOLKDWSDGDWDEHO
7DEHO7DEHO9DULDQ5DQFRE3HQGDKXOXDQ
6XPEHU 'HUDMDW -XPODK -.UDWDUDWD )KLWXQJ )WDEHO
YDULDVL EHEDVGE NXDGDUDWMN
Q 1
.RORP . 7F 7 -. -. UDWD UDWD
GE -. HUURU
5HVLGXDO 1. -.WRWDO -.F -.
GE
;
7RWDO 1 7
1
.HWHUDQJDQ
.RORP SHUEDQGLQJDQEHUDWELMLSHODUXWGHQJDQYROXPHVROYHQW
. EDQ\DNQ\DNRORP
7 WRWDOSHQJDPDWDQ
7F WRWDOXQWXNPDVLQJPDVLQJNRORP
; SHQJDPDWDQPDVLQJPDVLQJ
1 MXPODKWRWDOSHQJDPDWDQ
Q MXPODKUHSOLNDVLXODQJDQ
+DUJD )R KLWXQJ GLEDQGLQJNDQ GHQJDQ )R WDEHO -LND )R KLWXQJ GLSHUROHK OHELK
NHFLO GDULSDGD )R WDEHO PDND SHUEDQGLQJDQ DQWDUD EHUDW ELML DOSXNDW GHQJDQ
YROXPH VROYHQW WLGDN EHUEHGD WHUKDGDS KDVLO HNVWUDNVL PLQ\DN SDGD OHYHO
NHSHUFD\DDQ
5DQFDQJDQ3HUFREDDQXQWXN SHUFREDDQXWDPD
3DGDSHQHOLWLDQLQLGLJXQDNDQUDQFDQJDQSHUFREDDQIDNWRULDOGHQJDQGXD
IDNWRU \DLWX IDNWRU NHFHSDWDQ SHQJDGXNDQ GDQ MHQLV SHODUXW 0DWULNV UDQFDQJDQ
SHUFREDDQ \DQJGLSDNDLEHURUGH[0RGHOUDQFDQJDQSHUFREDDQGDSDWGLOLKDW
SDGD7DEHO

7DEHO 7DEHO$QRYD 5DQFREXWDPD

-HQLV3HODUXW
.HFHSDWDQ3HQJDGXNDQ % % % %
$ $% $% $% $%
$ $% $% $% $%
$ $% $% $% $%
3HUVDPDDQXQWXNUDQFDQJDQSHUFREDDQLQLDGDODKVHEDJDLEHULNXW
<LM P $L %M $%LM HLM
GLPDQD
<LM SHXEDK\DQJGLXNXU
P UDWDUDWDXPXPSRSXODVLSHUODNXDQ
$L SDUDPHWHUNHFHSDWDQSHQJDGXNDQHNVWUDNVL
%M SDUDPHWHUSHODUXW
$%LM SHQJDUXK LQWHUDNVL DQWDUD NHFHSDWDQ SHQJGXNDQ HNVWUDNVL GDQ MHQLV
SHODUXW
HLM SHQJDUXKJDODWSHUFREDDQGLOXDU$GDQ%
3DGDSHQHOLWLDQLQLSHUFREDDQ\DQJKDUXVGLODNXNDQVHEDQ\DN
UW |
U |
U |
U |
U |
GLPDQD
U UHSOLNDVL
W WUHDWPHQW
MDGLSDGDSHQHOLWLDQLQLSHUFREDDQ\DQJDNDQGLODNXNDQVHEDQ\DNGXDNDOL
$QDOLVLV GDWD \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN PHQJRODK GDWD SHUFREDDQ DGDODK
DQDOLVLVYDULDQ>6XKDUWRGDQ*LULVXWD@GHQJDQXML)WDEHO\DQJGLEDQGLQJNDQ
GHQJDQXML)SHUFREDDQ3HUFREDDQGLODNXNDQVHEDQ\DNGXDEHODV WHPSXKDQ

7DEHO $QDOLVLVYDULDQUDQFDQJDQSHUFREDDQ
3HQJDUXK -XPODK.XDGUDW 'HUDMDW.HEHEDVDQ 5DWDDQ.XDGUDW )+LWXQJ
$ -.$ D 6 ) VV
% -.% E 6 ) VV
$% -.$% DE 6 ) VV
*DODW -.* DEQ 6
-XPODK -.7 DEQ
3HUKLWXQJDQ
-XPODK .XDGUDW
5DWDDQ .XDGUDW
'HUDMDW .HEHEDVDQ
\
D E Q
\
-.7

DEQ
LMN
L M N

D
\L
\
-.$ L

EQ UVQ
\
D
\

-.%
M
DQ DEQ
L
\ LM \ \
D E D E

\
L M
-.$% L M
L
M

Q EQ DQ DEQ
-.* -.7 -.$ -.% -.$%
-LND KDVLO DQDOLVLV YDULDQ PHQXQMXNNDQ SHUEHGDDQ \DQJ Q\DWD PDND

GLODNXNDQ DQDOLVLV XQWXN PHQXQMXNNDQ SHUEHGDDQ DQWDUD SHUODNXNDQ DWDX EORN
GHQJDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ PHWRGH /6' /HDVW 6LJQLILFDQW 'LIIHUHQFH 3HUVDPDDQ
/6'DGDODKVHEDJDLEHULNXW
WD
/6' 06(
DEQ D E

+DUJD )RKLWXQJ XQWXN PDVLQJPDVLQJ YDULDEHO \DQJ GLSHUROHK GDUL

SHQHOLWLDQGLEDQGLQJNDQ GHQJDQKDUJD)RWDEHO \DQJGLSHUROHKGDULWHEHOGLVWULEXVL
)GHQJDQWLQJNDWNHSHUFD\DDQ$SDELOD)RKLWXQJ )RWDEHOPDNDKLSRWHVLVQRO
XQWXN SHUEHGDDQ DWDX EORN GDSDW GLWHULPD GDQ GDSDW GLVLPSXONDQ EDKZD VHWLDS
YDULDVL SHUODNXDQ DWDX EORN WLGDN PHPEHULNDQ SHQJDUXK \DQJ EHUEHGD 7HWDSL
DSDELOD )RKLWXQJ ! )RWDEHO PDND KLSRWHVLV QRO XQWXN SHUEHGDDQ SHUODNXDQ DWDX
EORN GLWRODN GDQ GDSDW GLVLPSXONDQ EDKZD VHWLDS YDULDVL SHUODNXDQ DWDX EORN
PHPEHULNDQSHQJDUXK\DQJEHUEHGDVHFDUDQ\DWD
/RNDVLGDQ/DPD3HQHOLWLDQ
3HQHOLWLDQ LQL DNDQ GLODNVDQDNDQ GL /DERUDWRULXP 3HQHOLWLDQ -XUXVDQ
7HNQLN .LPLD )DNXOWDV 7HNQRORJL ,QGXVWUL 8QLYHUVLWDV .DWROLN 3DUDK\DQJDQ
-DODQ&LXPEXOHXLW%DQGXQJ/DPDSHQHOLWLDQGLODNXNDQVHODPDNXUDQJOHELK
EXODQWHUKLWXQJGDULEXODQ)HEUXDULVDPSDLGHQJDQ-XOL-DGZDONHUMD
SHQHOLWLDQGDSDWGLOLKDWSDGD7DEHO

%$%,9
+$6,/3(1(/,7,$1'$13(0%$+$6$1
3HQHOLWLDQ SHQGDKXOXDQGLODNXNDQXQWXNPHQJHWDKXLZDNWXNHVHWLPEDQJDQ
SDGDVHWLDSYDULDVLSHUEDQGLQJDQEHUDWELMLDOSXNDWGHQJDQEHUDWSHODUXW3HQHOLWLDQ
SHQGDKXOXDQLQLGLODNXNDQGHQJDQPHODNXNDQSHQGHNDWDQHNVWUDNVLVHFDUDEDWFK
9DULDVLEHUDWELMLDOSXNDWGHQJDQEHUDWSHODUXW 6\DQJGLODNXNDQDGDODK
+DO LQL GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ WXMXDQ XQWXN PHQGDSDWNDQ ZDNWX
NHVHWLPEDQJDQ VHFDUD EDWFK SDGD VHWLDS YDULDVL EHUDW ELML DOSXNDW GHQJDQ EHUDW
SHODUXW 3DGD SHQHOLWLDQ SHQGDKXOXDQ GLJXQDNDQ UHDNWRU \DQJ DNDQ GLJXQDNDQ
SDGD SHQHOLWLDQ XWDPD +DO LQL GLPDNVXGNDQ DJDU GDSDW PHPLQLPDONDQ SHQJDUXK
SHUEHGDQ MHQLV UHDNWRU \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ +DVLO GDUL SHQHOLWLDQ SHQGDKXOXDQ LQL
GLJXQDNDQVHEDJDLGDVDUXQWXNPHODNXNDQSHQHOLWLDQ XWDPD
3HQHOLWLDQ GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ PHQHQWXNDQ LQGHNV ELDV SDGD VHWLDS ZDNWX
WHUWHQWX ,QGHNV ELDV \DQJ SHUWDPD NRQVWDQ PHUXSDNDQ SHUNLUDDQ ZDNWX
NHVHWLPEDQJDQ ,QGHNV ELDV \DQJ NRQVWDQ PHQXQMXNNDQ EDKZD SHODUXW KHNVDQD
WLGDN GDSDW ODJL PHQJHNVWDN ELML DOSXNDW 3HODUXW KHNVDQD DNDQ MHQXK VHKLQJJD
PLQ\DNELMLDOSXNDW\DQJWHUGDSDWGLGDODPELMLDOSXNDWWLGDNGDSDWODJLWHUHNVWUDN
ROHKSHODUXW \DQJWHODKMHQXK ,QGHNVELDV \DQJ NRQVWDQGDSDWMXJDEHUDUWLVXGDK
WLGDN DGD ODJL PLQ\DN \DQJ WHUGDSDW GL GDODP ELML DOSXNDW \DQJ GDSDW WHUHNVWUDN
3HQHQWXDQ ZDNWX NHVHWLPEDQJDQ SDGD VHWLDS YDULDVL SHUEDQGLQJDQ EHUDW ELML
DOSXNDWGHQJDQEHUDWSHODUXWGDSDWGLOLKDWSDGDJDPEDUGLEDZDKLQL

.XUYDZ DNWXNHVHWLP EDQJDQ)6

LQGH[ELDV
SHQHOLWLDQ
SHQHOLWLDQ

Z DNWXP HQLW

SHQHOLWLDQ
LQGH[ELDV
SHQHOLWLDQ

Z DNWXP HQLW
*DPEDU .XUYDZDNWXNHVHWLPEDQJDQ)6

LQGH[ELDV

SHQHOLWLDQ
SHQHOLWLDQ

Z DNWXP HQLW


SHQHOLWLDQ
LQGH[ELDV

SHQHOLWLDQ

Z DNWXP HQLW
3HQHOLWLDQ SHQGDKXOXDQGLODNXNDQVHEDQ\DNGXDNDOL+DOLQLGLPDNVXGNDQ
DJDU ZDNWX NHVHWLPEDQJDQ \DQJ GLSHUROHK PHPLOLNL GDWD \DQJ FXNXS DNXUDW
:DNWX NHVHWLPEDQJDQ \DQJ GLSHUROHK SDGD VHWLDS SHQJXODQJDQ DNDQ GLUDWDUDWD
+DVLO UDWDUDWD ZDNWX NHVHWLPEDQJDQ GDUL VHWLDS YDULDVL PHUXSDNDQ ZDNWX
NHVHWLPEDQJDQ \DQJ VHODQMXWQ\D DNDQ GLJXQDNDQ VHEDJDL GDVDU SDGD SHQHOLWLDQ
XWDPD:DNWXNHVHWLPEDQJDQSDGDVHWLDSYDULDVLGDSDWGLOLKDWSDGDWDEHO
7DEHO :DNWXNHVHWLPEDQJDQ
ZDNWX
)6
NHVHWLPEDQJDQ

3HQHOLWLDQ8WDPD
3HQHOLWLDQ XWDPD GLODNXNDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ PHWRGH HNVWUDNVL VHFDUD VHPL
NRQWLQX GHQJDQ UDVLR UHF\FOH \DQJ EHUYDULDVL \DLWX 3DGD SHQHOLWLDQ
LQL GDSDW GLOLKDW SHQJDUXK UDVLR UHF\FOH GDQ SHUEDQGLQJDQ EHUDW ELML DOSXNDW
GHQJDQ EHUDW SHODUXW WHUKDGDS KDVLO PLQ\DN ELML DOSXNDW \DQJ GLODNXNDQ VHFDUD
VHPL NRQWLQX +DVLO PLQ\DN ELML DOSXNDW GLOLKDW GDUL VHJL NXDOLWDV GDQ NXDQWLWDV
'DULVHJLNXDQWLWDVGDSDWGLOLKDWGDULSHUROHKDQEHUDWPLQ\DNGDQGDULVHJLNXDOLWDV
GDSDWGLOLKDWGDULELODQJDQDVDPELODQJDQLRGLQGDQELODQJDQSHQ\DEXQDQ

3HODNVDQDDQ3HQHOLWLDQ
3HQHOLWLDQLQLGLODNXNDQGHQJDQPHQYDULDVLNDQUDVLRUHF\FOH GDQEHUDWELML
DOSXNDWGHQJDQEHUDWSHODUXW0XODPXODHNVWUDNVLGLODNXNDQVHFDUDEDWFKVHODPD
ZDNWX\DQJWHODKGLWHQWXNDQSDGDSHQHOLWLDQSHQGDKXOXDQSDGDVHWLDSYDULDVLEHUDW
ELMLDOSXNDWGHQJDQEHUDWSHODUXW6HODQMXWQ\DGDXUXODQJ GLODNXNDQVHWLDSVHSXOXK
PHQLW GDUL ZDNWX NHVHWLPEDQJDQ \DQJ WHODK GLWHQWXNDQ XQWXN VHWLDS YDULDVL
'LKDUDSNDQ VHODPD VHSXOXK PHQLW SHODUXW DNDQ GDSDW PHQJHNVWUDN VLVD PLQ\DN
\DQJ WHUGDSDW SDGD ELML DOSXNDW VHKLQJJD PLQ\DN \DQJ WHUGDSDW SDGD ELML DOSXNDW
GDSDWVHOXUXKQ\DWHUHNVWUDN%DQ\DNQ\DSHODUXW\DQJGLDPELOXQWXNGLGDXU XODQJ
VHEDQ\DNPOXQWXNVHWLDSYDULDVL3HQHQWXDQ EDQ\DNQ\DVDPSHO \DQJ GLDPELO
XQWXN GLGDXU XODQJ WLGDN DGD OLWHUDWXU \DQJ PHQXQMDQJ GDQ WLGDN GLODNXNDQ
SHQHOLWLDQ XQWXN PHQGDSDWNDQ KDVLO WHUVHEXW /DPDQ\D ZDNWX GDXU XODQJ GDQ
EDQ\DNQ\DVDPSHO\DQJGLDPELOXQWXNGLUHF\FOH VHODOXVDPDXQWXNVHWLDSYDULDVL
+DO LQL GLPDNVXGNDQ XQWXN PHPLQLPDONDQ SHQJDUXK ZDNWX UHF\FOH GDQ
EDQ\DNQ\DVDPSHO\DQJGLGDXUXODQJ
6HWLDSZDNWXGDXUXODQJ VDPSHODNDQGLDQDOLVLVLQGHNVELDVQ\D3HQHOLWLDQ
DNDQ GLKHQWLNDQ NHWLND LQGHNV ELDV VDPSHO VDPD GHQJDQ LQGHNV ELDV SHODUXW
KHNVDQD-LNDLQGHNVELDVVDPSHOVDPDGHQJDQLQGHNVELDVSHODUXWKHNVDQDGDSDW
GLDUWLNDQ MLND WLGDN DGD ODJL PLQ\DN \DQJ WHUHNVWUDN VHKLQJJD \DQJ WHUEDFD ROHK
VSHNWURIRWRPHWHUKDQ\DSHODUXWVHJDU\DQJGLGDXUXODQJ
+DVLOGDULHNVWUDNVLVHODQMXWQ\DDNDQGLSLVDKNDQ(NVWUDNDNDQGLSLVDKNDQ
GDUL UDILQDWQ\D XQWXN NHPXGLDQ GLGLVWLODVL VHKLQJJD PLQ\DN \DQJ WHUGDSDW GL
GDODP HNVWUDN GDSDW GLSHUROHK 'LVWLODVL GLODNXNDQ SDGD WHPSHUDWXU R&
VHGDQJNDQWLWLNGLGLK SHODUXWKHNVDQDVHEHVDU R&+DOLQLGLPDNVXGNDQDJDU
SHODUXW KHNVDQD DNDQ WHUGLVWLODVL VHKLQJJD GLSHUROHK PLQ\DN \DQJ WHUGDSDW GL
GDODPODEXGLVWLODVL7HPSHUDWXU\DQJGLJXQDNDQWLGDNWHUODOXEHVDUSHUEHGDDQQ\D
GDUL WLWLN GLGLK SHODUXW +DO LQL GLPDNVXGNDQ DJDU PLQ\DN \DQJ WHUNDQGXQJ SDGD
SHODUXW WLGDN DNDQ UXVDN DWDXSXQ LNXW WHUXDSNDQ 'HQJDQ GLMDJDQ\D NRQGLVL LQL
GLKDUDSNDQ PLQ\DN \DQJ GLSHUROHK PHUXSDNDQ PLQ\DN \DQJ PHPLOLNL NXDOLWDV
\DQJFXNXSEDLN

3HQJDUXK EHUDW ELML DOSXNDW GHQJDQ EHUDW SHODUXW GDQ UDVLR UHF\FOH
WHUKDGDSSHUROHKDQPLQ\DN
3HQHOLWLDQLQLPHQJKDVLONDQSHUROHKDQHNVWUDNVLPLQ\DN\DQJGLQ\DWDNDQ
GDODP EHUDW PLQ\DN \DQJ PHUXSDNDQ KDVLO HNVWUDNVL 3HQHOLWLDQ GLODNXNDQ
VHEDQ\DNGXDNDOL+DOLQLGLODNXNDQDJDUSHUROHKDQPLQ\DNGDSDWGLSHUROHKKDVLO
\DQJ DNXUDW 6HWLDS SHQJXODQJDQ DNDQ GLUDWDUDWDNDQ +DVLO LQL \DQJ GLDPELO
VHEDJDL SHUROHKDQ PLQ\DN GDUL VHWLDS SHQHOLWLDQ +DVLO SHQHOLWLDQ GDSDW GLOLKDW
SDGD7DEHO
7DEHO 5DWDUDWDSHUROHKDQPLQ\DNJU
3HUEDQGLQJDQEHUDWDOSXNDWGHQJDQEHUDWSHODUXW
5DVLR5HF\FOH

'LDJUDP%HUDW6DPSHO

%HUDW6DPSHO

3HUEDQGLQJDQEHUDWDOSXNDWGHQJDQEHUDW
SHODUXW
*DPEDU'LDJUDPEHUDWVDPSHO
'DULJDPEDUGDSDWGLOLKDWEDKZDSHUROHKDQPLQ\DNWHUEHVDUGLODNXNDQ
GHQJDQYDULDVLEHUDWELMLDOSXNDWGHQJDQEHUDWSHODUXWGDQGHQJDQUDVLR
UHF\FOH 7HWDSLGDSDWGLSHUKDWLNDQSXODGHQJDQUDVLRUHF\FOH OHELKEHVDUGDUL
XQWXN UDVLR UHF\FOH \DQJ VDPD EDQ\DNQ\D PLQ\DN \DQJ GLSHUROHK KDQ\D
VHGLNLWPHQJDODPLNHQDLNDQGDQEDKNDQDGD\DQJWLGDNPHQJDODPLNHQDLNDQ+DO

LQL GLVHEDENDQ NDUHQD WLGDN DGD ODJL PLQ\DN \DQJ GDSDW WHUHNVWUDN ROHK SHODUXW
KHNVDQDZDODXSXQSHODUXW\DQJGLJXQDNDQOHELKEDQ\DN
'DUL KDVLO DQDOLVLV NDGDU OHPDN \DQJ WHUGDSDW SDGD ELML DOSXNDW
PHQJJXQDNDQ PHWRGH VRNVOHW DGDODK VHEHVDU $UWLQ\D GDODP J ELML
DOSXNDW\DQJGLJXQDNDQPHQJDQGXQJJPLQ\DN+DVLOSHQHOLWLDQPHQJJXQDDNQ
PHWRGH VRNVOHW PHPLOLNL QLODL \DQJ OHELK EHVDU GDULSDGD KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ
PHQJJXQDNDQ PHWRGH VHPL NRQWLQX +DO LQL GLNDUHQDNDQ PDVLK DGDQ\D PLQ\DN
\DQJWHUGDSDWSDGDELMLDOSXNDWPDVLKEHOXPWHUHNVWUDNVHOXUXKQ\D
'DULKDVLOUDQFDQJDQSHQHOLWLDQ\DQJGDSDWGLOLKDWSDGDWDEHO
7DEHO 7DEHO$QRYD)SHUROHKDQPLQ\DN
9DULDEHO )R 7DQGD )RWDEHO
56 !
)6 !
LQWHUDNVL !
'DULKDVLOSHUKLWXQJDQUDQFDQJDQSHQHOLWLDQGDSDWGLOLKDWEDKZDEHUDWELML
DOSXNDW GHQJDQ EHUDW SHODUXW UDVLR UHF\FOH EHUSHQJDUXK VLJQLILNDQ SDGD OHYHO
NHSHUFD\DDQ GDQ MXJD LQWHUDNVL DQWDUD NHGXD YDULDEHO WLGDN EHUSHQJDUXK
VHFDUDVLJQLILNDQSDGDOHYHONHSHUFD\DDQ
+DVLO XML /6' GLNHWDKXL EDKZD \DQJ LQWHUDNVL XQWXN VHPXD YDULDVL UDVLR
UHF\FOH GDQ)6VDOLQJEHUSHQJDUXKVHFDUDVLJQLILNDQSDGDOHYHONHSHUFD\DDQ
$UWLQ\DLQWHUDNVLDQWDUDUDVLRUHF\FOH GDQSHUEDQGLQJDQEHUDWELMLDOSXNDWGHQJDQ
EHUDWSHODUXWVDQJDWEHUSHQJDUXKWHUKDGDSKDVLOSHQHOLWLDQ
6HFDUD NHVHOXUXKDQ SHUROHKDQ PLQ\DN ELML DOSXNDW EHUSHQJDUXK WHUKDGDS
SHUEDQGLQJDQEHUDWELMLDOSXNDWGHQJDQEHUDWSHODUXWGDQUDVLRUHF\FOH WHWDSLWLGDN
EHUSHQJDUXK WHUKDGDS LQWHUDNVL DQWDUD NHGXD YDULDEHO 3HUROHKDQ PLQ\DN ELML
DOSXNDW \DQJ SDOLQJ RSWLPXP DGDODK EHUDW ELML DOSXNDW GHQJDQ EHUDW SHODUXW
GHQJDQ UDVLR UHF\FOH \DQJ VDPD DWDX UDVLR UHF\FOH GHQJDQ EHUDW ELML
DOSXNDWGHQJDQEHUDWSHODUXW\DQJVDPD'HQJDQGLSHUROHKQ\DQLODLLQLGLKDUDSNDQ
GDSDW PHQHNDQ ELD\D SURGXNVL GDQ PHQGDSDWNDQ KDVLO \DQJ RSWLPXP XQWXN
PHQGDSDWNDQPLQ\DNELMLDOSXNDWGHQJDQPHWRGHHNVWUDNVLVHPLNRQWLQX

WHUKDGDSELODQJDQDVDP
%LODQJDQDVDPPHUXSDNDQVDODK VDWXSHQHQWXDQNXDOLWDVPLQ\DN6HPDNLQ
EHVDU ELODQJDQ DVDP VHPDNLQ WHQJLN PLQ\DN WHUVHEXW $UWLQ\D PLQ\DN WHUVHEXW
DNDQ PXGDK XQWXN PHQMDGL MHQXK 6DPD KDOQ\D GHQJDQ SHQHQWXDQ SHUROHKDQ
PLQ\DN SHQHOLWLDQ GLODNXNDQ VHEDQ\DN GXD NDOL +DO LQL GLPDNVXGNDQ XQWXN
PHQGDSDWNDQ ELODQJDQ DVDP \DQJ DNXUDW XQWXN VHWLDS UXQ +DVLO VHWLDS
SHQJXODQJDQ DNDQ GLUDWDUDWDNDQ GDQ QLODL UDWDUDWD WHUVHEXW DNDQ PHQMDGL
ELODQJDQDVDP\DQJGLJXQDNDQ%LODQJDQ DVDPXQWXNVHWLDSUXQGDSDWGLOLKDWSDGD
WDEHO
7DEHO5DWDUDWDELODQJDQDVDP

'DUL WDEHO GLDWDV GDSDW GLOLKDW EDKZD ELODQJDQ DVDP PHPLOLNL QLODL \DQJ
WLGDN MDXK EHUEHGD XQWXN VHWLDS UXQ SHUFREDQ +DO LQL GLNDUHQDNDQ PLQ\DN \DQJ
WHUGDSDW SDGD PLQ\DN ELML DOSXNDW PHPLOLNL NRPSRVLVL \DQJ VDPD 0HQXUXW
OLWHUDWXUELODQJDQDVDPXQWXNPLQ\DNELMLDOSXNDWEHUDGDGLDQWDUD 'DUL
KDVLO \DQJ GLSHUROHK VHPXD PHPLOLNL QLODL \DQJ OHELK GDUL QLODL GL DWDV +DO LQL
PXQJNLQ NDUHQD NDQGXQJDQ \DQJ WHUGDSDW GL GDODP ELML DOSXNDW \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ
PHPLOLNLNDQGXQJDQ\DQJEHUEHGDGHQJDQPLQ\DNELMLDOSXNDW\DQJWHUGDSDWSDGD
OLWHUDWXU .DQGXQJDQ \DQJ WHUGDSDW SDGD ELML DOSXNDW \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN
SHQHOLWLDQ PHPEXDW PLQ\DN ELML DOSXNDW PHQMDGL OHELK FHSDW WHQJLN .DQGXQJDQ
PHUXSDNDQ]DWSHQJRWRU\DQJEHUXSDWHUJXPGDQ]DWODLQ\DQJPDPSXPHPEXDW
PLQ\DNPHQMDGLMHQXK
WHUKDGDSELODQJDQSHQ\DEXQDQ
%LODQJDQ SHQ\DEXQDQ PHUXSDNDQ VDODK VDWX FDUD XQWXN PHQHQWXNDQ
NXDOLWDV PLQ\DN 6HPDNLQ EHVDU ELODQJDQ SHQ\DEXQDQ PDND VHPDNLQ EXUXN

NXDOLWDV GDUL PLQ\DN WHUVHEXW %LODQJDQ SHQ\DEXQDQ GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ

SHQJXODQJDQ VHEDQ\DN GXD NDOL %LODQJDQ \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ PHUXSDNDQ QLODL UDWD
UDWDGDULSHQJXODQJDQ%LODQJDQSHQ\DEXQDQXQWXNVHWLDSSHQHOLWLDQGDSDWGLOLKDW
SDGDWDEHO
7DEHO5DWDUDWDELODQJDQSHQ\DEXQDQ

'DUL KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ \DQJ GLSHUROHK ELODQJDQ SHQ\DEXQDQ PHPLOLNL QLODL

\DQJEHUYDULDVL1LODLELODQJDQSHQ\DEXQDQEHUDGDGL DQWDUDKLQJJD'DUL
OLWHUDWXU\DQJGLSHUROHKELODQJDQSHQ\DEXQDQXQWXNPLQ\DNELMLDOSXNDWEHUDGDGL
DQWDUD KLQJJD +DO LQL PHQXQMXNNDQ EDKZD PLQ\DN ELML DOSXNDW \DQJ
GLSHUROHK VHVXDL GHQJDQ VWDQGDU \DQJ WHODK GLWHQWXNDQ 0LQ\DN \DQJ GLSHUROHK
PHPLOLNLNXDOLWDV\DQJEDLN
WHUKDGDSELODQJDQLRGLQ
%LODQJDQ ,RGLQ PHUXSDNDQ VDODK VDWX VWDQGDU XQWXN PHQHQWXNDQ NXDOLWDV
VXDWX PLQ\DN 6HPDNLQ EHVDU ELODQJDQ LRGLQ PDND VHPDNLQ MHQXK VXDWX PLQ\DN
3HQHQWXDQ ELODQJDQ LRGLQ GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ SHQJXODQJDQ VHEDQ\DN GXD NDOL
%LODQJDQ LRGLQ VHODQMXWQ\D DNDQ GLUDWDUDWDNDQ GDQ QLODL UDWDUDWD WHUVHEXW \DQJ
PHUXSDNDQ KDVLO GDUL DQDOLVLV \DQJ GLODNXNDQ 1LODL ELODQJDQ LRGLQ XQWXN VHWLDS
SHQHOLWLDQGDSDWGLOLKDWSDGDWDEHO
7DEHO5DWDUDWDELODQJDQ,RGLQ

'DUL GDWD \DQJ GLSHUROHK GDSDW GLOLKDW EDKZD ELODQJDQ LRGLQ WLGDN
PHPLOLNL NHFHQGHUXQJDQ WHUWHQWX XQWXN VHWLDS YDULDVL \DQJ GLODNXNDQ %LODQJDQ

LRGLQ\DQJGLSHUROHKPHPLOLNLUHQWDQJQLODLGDULVDPSDLSHUEHGDDQ\DQJ
WLGDN WHUODOX MDXK EHUEHGD LQL PHQXQMXNNDQ EDKZD PLQ\DN \DQJ GLDQDOLVLV
PHPLOLNL MHQLV \DQJ VDPD %LODQJDQ LRGLQ \DQJ GLSHUROHK GDUL OLWHUDWXU PHPLOLNL
QLODL \DQJ EHUNLVDU DQWDUD KLQJJD +DO LQL EHUDUWL NXDOLWDV PLQ\DN \DQJ
GLSHUROHK GDUL HNVWUDNVL VHFDUD VHPL NRQWLQX PHPLOLNL NXDOLWDV \DQJ FXNXS EDLN
%LODQJDQLRGLQ\DQJGLSHUROHKGDULVHWLDSSHQHOLWLDQPHQXQMXNNDQEDKZDPLQ\DN
ELMLDOSXNDWWLGDNMHQXK
3HUEDQGLQJDQKDVLODQDOLVLVGHQJDQOLWHUDWXU
+DVLODQDOLVLV\DQJGLSHUROHKGDULKDVLOSHQHOLWLDQGDQOLWHUDWXUGDSDWGLOLKDW
GDULWDEHO
7DEHO3HUEDQGLQJDQOLWHUDWXUHGDQKDVLOSHQHOLWLDQ
+DVLO$QDOLVD /LWHUDWXU 3HQHOLWLDQ
%LODQJDQ$VDP
%LODQJDQ3HURNVLGD
6SHFLILFJUDYLW\&
,RGLQHYDOXH
'DUL KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ GDSDW GLOLKDW EDKZD ELML DOSXNDW \DQJ GLDQDOLVLV
PHPLOLNLNXDOLWDVKDPSLUVDPDGHQJDQOLWHUDWXU\DQJGLSHUROHK+DOLQLEHUDUWLELML
DOSXNDW\DQJGLJXQDNDQPHPLOLNLNXDOLWDV\DQJFXNXSEDLN

%$%9
.(6,038/$1'$16$5$1
.HVLPSXODQ
.HVLPSXODQ\DQJGDSDWGLDPELO GDULKDVLOSHQHOLWLDQDGDODK
3HUROHKDQPLQ\DNVHEHVDU
3HUROHKDQ PLQ\DN GLSHQJDUXKL ROHK YDULDVL SHUEDQGLQJDQ EHUDW ELML DOSXNDW
GHQJDQ EHUDW SHODUXW UDVLR UHF\FOH GDQ MXJD LQWHUDNVL GL DQWDUD NHGXD
YDULDEHO
%LODQJDQ SHQ\DEXQDQ PLQ\DN \DQJ GLSHUROHK PHPLOLNL UHQWDQJ KLQJJD

%LODQJDQDVDPPLQ\DN\DQJGLSHUROHKPHPLOLNLUHQWDQJKLQJJD
%LODQJDQLRGLQPLQ\DN\DQJGLSHUROHKPHPLOLNLUHQWDQJKLQJJD
0LQ\DN\DQJGLSHUROHKPHPLOLNLNXDOLWDV\DQJFXNXSEDLN
3HUROHKDQ PLQ\DN ELML DOSXNDW SDOLQJ EDQ\DN GLSHUROHK GHQJDQ YDULDVL
SHUEDQGLQJDQELMLDOSXNDWGHQJDQEHUDWSHODUXWGDQUDVLRUHF\FOH
3HUROHKDQPLQ\DNELMLDOSXNDWSDOLQJEDQ\DNGLSHUROHKVHODPDPHQLW
6DUDQ
'DULKDVLOSHQHOLWLDQDGDEHEHUDSDVDUDQ\DQJSHUOXGLSHUWLPEDQJDQ
6HEDLNQ\D NHFHSDWDQ \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN VHWLDS UXQ SHUOX GLNDOLEUDVL
DJDUNHFHSDWDQSHQJDGXNDQDODWOHELKDNXUDW
6HEDLNQ\D WHPSHUDWXU \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN VHWLDS UXQ SHUOX GLNDOLEUDVL
DJDUWHPSHUDWXUSURVHVOHELKDNXUDW
6HEDLNQ\D ELML DOSXNDW \DQJ WHODK GLFXFL GLUHEXV DJDU SURVHV SHQJHFLODQ
XNXUDQGDSDWGLODNXNDQGHQJDQPXGDK
6HEDLNQ\D XQWXN SHPDQDVDQ GLJXQDNDQ RYHQ XQWXN PHQ\HUDJDPNDQ
SHPDQDVDQELMLDOSXNDW
6HEDLNQ\D GLJXQDNDQ SHQJXMLDQ NDGDU PLQ\DN XQWXN PHQJHWDKXL NDGDU
PLQ\DN\DQJWHUGDSDWSDGDVDPSHO

'$)7$53867$.$
%HUQDUGLQL(2LO6HHGV2LODQG)DWV3XEOLVKLQJ+RXVH5RPH
%UHGHVRQ'.0HFKDQLFDO2LO([WUDFWLRQ-$2&6
&DK\DGL1XU$OLD7DXILN7DQRWR3HQJDUXK-HQLVGDQ.RQGLVL3HUODNXDQ$ZDO
%LML 5DPEXWDQ 7HUKDGDS (NVWUDNVL /HPDN -XUXVDQ 7HNQLN .LPLD
)DNXOWDV7HNQRORJL,QGXVWUL813$5
&KULVWHQVHQ 3/ 6ROYHQW ([WUDFWLRQ 5HFHQW 'HYHORSPHQWV $UFKHU 'DQLHOV
0LGODQG&R
&RILHOG(3-U6ROYHQW([WUDFWLRQ2I2LOVHHG&KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ0DJD]LQH

)HVVHQGHQ 5DOS - -RDQ 6 )HVVHQGHQ .LPLD 2UJDQLN -LOLG HGLVL NHWLJD
3HQHUELW(UODQJJD-DNDUWD
-RKQVRQ /$ DQG /XVDV (: &RPSDULVRQ RI $OWHUQDWLYH 6ROYHQWV IRU 2LO
([WUDFWLRQ-$2&6
-RKQVRQ /$ DQG /XVDV (: &RPSDULVRQ RI $OWHUQDWLYH 6ROYHQWV IRU 2LO
([WUDFWLRQ $ 08QLYHUVLW\7H[DV
.DOLH 0RHK %DJD $OSXNDW %XGLGD\D GDQ 3HPDQIDDWDQQ\D &DQLVLXV -DNDUWD
%DLOH\-(')2OOLV%LRFKHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ)XQGDPHQWDOVQG
HG0F*UDZ+LOO%RRN&RPSDQ\6LQJDSRUH
.DUQRIVN\*7KH7KHRU\2I6ROYHQW([WUDFWLRQ-$2&6
.DUQRIVN\*HRUJH'HVLJQ2LOVHHG([WUDFWRU-$2&6
0RQLDJD 0LFKDHO 3HQJDUXK -HQLV 3HODUXW GDQ 7HPSHUDWXU 7HUKDGDS3HUROHKDQ
0HWLO (VWHU SDGD (NVWUDNVL 0LQ\DN %LML $OSXNDW -XUXVDQ 7HNQLN .LPLD
)DNXOWDV7HNQRORJL,QGXVWUL813$5
3HUU\ 5+ DQG ' *UHHQ 3HUU\V &KHPLFDO (QJLQHHUV +DQGERRN WK HG 0F
*URZ+LOO&RPSDQ\6LQJDSRUH
6WDQGDU 1DVLRQDO ,QGRQHVLD 3HQHQWXDQ .DGDU 0LQ\DN 'HZDQ 6WDQGDULVDVL
1DVLRQDO

6XKDUWR , %XDQD *LULVXWD 0HWRGRORJL GDQ 3HUDQFDQJDQ 3HQHOLWLDQ )7,

813$5%DQGXQJ
6ZHUQ ' (G%DLOH\V ,QGXVWULDO 2LO DQG )DW 3URGXFWV UG HG ,QWHUVFLHQFH
3XEOLVKHUV1HZ<RUN
7KHEDQL 0DKPRRG DQG 'LRVDG\ /HYHQWH / 7ZR3KDVH 6ROYHQW ([WUDFWLRQ RI
&DQROD 'HSDUWPHQW RI &KHPLFDO (QJLQHHULQJ DQG $SSOLHG &KHPLVWU\
7RURQWR
:DQ -3HWHU ,VRKH[DQH DV 6ROYHQW )RU ([WUDFWLRQ 'HSDUWPHQW RI $JULFXOWXUH
6RXWKHUQ5HJLRQDO5HVHDUFK&HQWHU
:LOOLDPV .$ 2LO )DWV DQG )DWW\ )RRGV UG HG - $ &KXUFKLOO /WG /RQGRQ

:ROII-35HVLGXDO+H[DQHLQ0HDOV,QVWLWXWGHV&RUSV*UDV3DULV

/$03,5$1$
$1$/,6,6
$QDOLVLV%LODQJDQ$VDP
$QDOLVLV LQL EHUWXMXDQ XQWXN PHQJHWDKXL VHEHUDSD EHVDU NHEXWXKDQ .2+
XQWXN PHQHWUDONDQ JUDP DVDP EHEDV GDODP JUDP PLQ\DN 6HPDNLQ EHVDU
ELODQJDQ DVDP VHPDNLQ WLQJJL NDGDU DVDP PLQ\DN 0LQ\DN KDVLO HNVWUDNVL
GLWLPEDQJVHEDQ\DNJUDPGDODPODEXHUOHQPH\HUNHPXGLDQGLWDPEDKNDQPO
HWDQRO&DPSXUDQLQLNHPXGLDQGLUHIOXNVKLQJJDPHQGLGLKGDQGLWDPEDKNDQ
WHWHV LQGLNDWRU SKHQROSKWKDOHLQ 7LWUDVL FDPSXUDQ GHQJDQ ODUXWDQ .2+ 1
GDODPHWDQROVDPSDLWHUMDGLSHUXEDKDQZDUQD
PO .2+ [ 1 .2+ [

%LO $VDP
%HUDW6DPSHO J
$QDOLVLV%LODQJDQ(VWHU
$QDOLVLV LQL EHUWXMXDQ XQWXN PHQJHWDKXL VHEHUDSD EHVDU MXPODK DVDP
RUJDQLN \DQJ EHUVHQ\DZD VHEDJDL HVWHU GDODP PLQ\DN 6HPDNLQ EHVDU ELODQJDQ
HVWHUVXDWXPLQ\DNVHPDNLQWLQJJLSHUROHKDQPHWLOHVWHU
.H GDODP PLQ\DN KDVLO WLWUDVL ELODQJDQ DVDP GLWDPEDKNDQ PO ODUXWDQ
.2+ 1 GDODP HWDQRO &DPSXUDQ LQL GLSDQDVNDQ GDODP SHQDQJDV DLU
VHODPD PHQLW ODOX GLGLQJLQNDQ PHQLW GDQ GLWDPEDKNDQ WHWHV LQGLNDWRU
SKHQROSKWKDOHLQ 7LWUDVL FDPSXUDQ GHQJDQ ODUXWDQ +&O 1 VDPSDL WHUMDGL
SHUXEDKDQZDUQDWLWUDVLMXJDGLODNXNDQWHUKDGDSDLUVXOLQJVHEDJDLEODQNR
PO +&O EODQNR PO +&O VDPSHO [ 1 +&O [

%LO3HQ\DEXQDQ
%HUDW6DPSHO J
%LO(VWHU %LO3HQ\DEXQDQ %LO$VDP

/$03,5$1%
7$%(/',675,%86,)'$17
7DEHO$ 'LVWULEXVLWD
7DEHO$ 'LVWULEXVL)D

/$03,5$1&
+$6,/3(1(/,7,$1
& 3HQHOLWLDQ3HQGDKXOXDQ
& 3HQHQWXDQZDNWXNHVHWLPEDQJDQ
ZDNWX
)6
NHVHWLPEDQJDQ

& 3HQHOLWLDQ8WDPD
&%LODQJDQ$VDP
5DVLR
5HF\FOH

&%LODQJDQ,RGLQ
5DVLR
5HF\FOH

&%LODQJDQ3HQ\DEXQDQ
5DVLR
5HF\FOH

&%HUDW6DPSHO

5DVLR
5HF\FOH

/$03,5$1'
+$6,/$17$5$
' 3HQHOLWLDQ3HQGDKXOXDQ
'5XQ)6
W K

'5XQ)6

W K

'5XQ)6

W K

'5XQ)6

W K

'5XQ)6

W K

'5XQ)6

W K

'5XQ)6

W K

'5XQ)6

W K

' 3HQHOLWLDQ8WDPD
'5XQ)6 56
W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

'5XQ)6 56

W K

' $QDOLVLV
'5XQ)6 56
PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP
'5XQ )6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP

'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP
'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP
'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP

'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP
'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP
'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP

'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP
'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP
'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP

'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
Y VDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP
'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP
'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP

'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP
'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP
'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP

'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP
'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP
'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP

'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP
'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP
'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP

'5XQ)6 56

PDVVDPLQ\DN JU
ELOSHQ\DEXQDQ
YVDPSHO PO ELOSHQ\
YEODQNR PO
ELOLRGLQ
YEODQNR PO ELOLRGLQ
YVDPSHO PO
ELODVDP
YVDPSHO PO ELODVDP

/$03,5$1(
$1$/,6,69$5,$1
(3HUROHKDQ0LQ\DN.
6 <D 6<LMN

6
< E

6< E
6< LM

6< D

6<

9DULDEHO 6 .XDGUDW '2) 5DWDDQ.XDGUDW )R 7DQGD )RWDEHO

56 !
)6 !
LQWHUDNVL
(UURU
7RWDO
.HVLPSXODQ 9DULDEHOUDVLRUHF\FOHGDQSHUEDQGLQJDQEHUDWSHODUXWGHQJDQEHUDW
PLQ\DN PHPSHQJDUXKL KDVLO SHUROHKDQ PLQ\DN WDSL LQWHUDNVL GL
DQWDUD NHGXD YDULDEHO WLGDN EHUSHQJDUXK VHFDUD VLJQLILNDQ SDGD
WLQJNDWNHSHUFD\DDQ
(%LODQJDQ$VDP .
$ % 6 < D

6<LMN

6
< E

6< E

6< LM

6 < D

6<


56
)6
LQWHUDNVL
(UURU
7RWDO
.HVLPSXODQ 9DULDEHO UDVLR UHF\FOH SHUEDQGLQJDQ EHUDW SHODUXW GDQ EHUDW

PLQ\DN ELML DOSXNDW DWDXSXQ LQWHUDNVL NHGXD YDULDEHO WLGDN
PHPSHQJDUXKL ELODQJDQ DVDP VHFDUD VLJQLILNDQ SDGD WLQJNDW
NHSHUFD\DDQ
(%LODQJDQ,RGLQ
6 <D 6<LMN

6
< E

6< E

6< LM

6< D

6<


56
)6
LQWHUDNVL
(UURU
7RWDO

PLQ\DN ELML DOSXNDW DWDXSXQ LQWHUDNVL NHGXD YDULDEHO WLGDN
PHPSHQJDUXKL ELODQJDQ LRGLQ VHFDUD VLJQLILNDQ SDGD WLQJNDW
NHSHUFD\DDQ

(%LODQJDQ3HQ\DEXQDQ
6 <D 6<LMN

6
< E

6< E
6< LM

6< D

6<


56 !
)6 !
LQWHUDNVL !
(UURU
7RWDO

PLQ\DN ELML DOSXNDW DWDXSXQ LQWHUDNVL NHGXD YDULDEHO
PHPSHQJDUXKL ELODQJDQ SHQ\DEXQDQ VHFDUD VLJQLILNDQ SDGD
WLQJNDWNHSHUFD\DDQ
(8ML/6'%LODQJDQ3HQ\DEXQDQ
1
D
D
QL
QM
WD1D
/6'

7DQGD /6'
_\M \M
_
_\M \M
_
_\M \M
_
_\M \M
_
_\M \M
_
_\M \M
_
_\L \L
_
_\L \L
_
_\L \L
_

/$03,5$1)
*5$),.
)3HQHOLWLDQ3HQGDKXOXDQ
.XUY DZDNWXNH VHWLPEDQJDQ)6

LQGH[ELDV

SHQHOLWLDQ

SHQHOLWLDQ

Z DN WXP H QLW
.XUYDZDNWXNHVHWLPEDQJDQ)6

LQGH[ELDV
SHQHOLWLDQ

SHQHOLWLDQ

Z DNWXP HQLW

LQGH[ELDV
SHQHOLWLDQ
SHQHOLWLDQ

Z DNWXP HQLW


LQGH[ELDV
SHQHOLWLDQ

SHQHOLWLDQ

Z DNWXP HQLW
)3HQHOLWLDQ8WDPD
.XUYD%LODQJDQ$VDP

%LODQJDQ$VDP

SHODUXW
)6
'LDJUDP%HUDW6DPSHO

%HUDW6DPSHO

SHODUXW

.XUYD%LODQJDQ,RGLQH

%LODQJDQ,RGLQH

SHODUXW
)6
.XUYD%LODQJDQ3HQ\DEXQDQ

%LODQJDQ3HQ\DEXQDQ

SHODUXW
)6

Teddy (6200086) Ekstraksi Minyak Biji Alpukat

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Teddy (6200086) Ekstraksi Minyak Biji Alpukat

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

3(1*$58+-(1,63(/$587'$1.

%DQGXQJ -XQL %DQGXQJ -XQL

%$%, 3(1'$+8/8$1 

%$%,, 7,1-$8$13867$.$ 

%$%,,, %$+$1'$10(72'2/2*,3(1(/,7,$1 

%$%,9 +$6,/3(1(/,7,$1'$13(0%$+$6$1 

%$%9 .(6,038/$1 

7DEHO -XPODKSRKRQGDQSURGXNVL WRQ DOSXNDWGL-DZDPHQXUXWWDKXQ

7XMXDQ SHQHOLWLDQ LQL DGDODK PHPSHODMDUL SHQJDUXK UDVLR UHF\FOH

'DUL KDVLO UDQFDQJDQ SHQHOLWLDQ YDULDVL SHQHOLWLDQ EHUSHQJDUXK VHFDUD

-DZD%DUDW -DZD7HQJDK -DZD7LPXU

7ULJOLVHULGD\DQJJXJXVDVDPOHPDNQ\DVHMHQLV 5 5 5 GLNHQDOGHQJDQ

5HVLGXEHUXSDSDGDWDQ\DQJGLVHEXWEXQJNLO 5HVLGXEHUXSDVHUSLKDQ IODNH

 (NVWUDNVL 3HODUXW

(NVWUDNVL NRQWLQXGHQJDQDOLUDQFRXQWHUFXUUHQW WHUMDGLSHQJRQWDNNDQSDGDWDQEDUX

6HFDUD XPXP SURVHV SHQJDPELODQ PLQ\DN GDUL ELMLELMLDQ GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ

+DO \DQJ KDUXV PHQMDGL SHUKDWLDQ GDODP SURVHV HNVWUDNVL DGDODK

$VHWRQ  

.DUERQ7HWUDNORULGD  

(WDQRO  

+HNVDQD  

0HWDQRO  

D 7HWHVWHWHV PLQ\DN \DQJ WHUGLVWULEXVL PHODOXL ELML PHPLOLNL XNXUDQ

'DUL SHQJDODPDQ GDQ KDVLO HNVSHULPHQ GLSHUROHK EDKDZD PLQ\DN ELMLELMLDQ

 5DQFDQJDQ 3HUFREDDQ IDFWRULDO WXQJJDO XQWXN SHUFREDDQ

7DEHO 7DEHO$QRYD 5DQFREXWDPD

$ -.$ D 6  ) VV

% -.% E 6  ) VV

$% -. $% D E 6  ) VV

*DODW -.* DE Q 6 

-XPODK -.7 DEQ   

-.* -.7  -.$  -.%  -. $%

-LND KDVLO DQDOLVLV YDULDQ PHQXQMXNNDQ SHUEHGDDQ \DQJ Q\DWD PDND

+DUJD )RKLWXQJ XQWXN PDVLQJPDVLQJ YDULDEHO \DQJ GLSHUROHK GDUL

.XUYDZ DNWXNHVHWLP EDQJDQ)6 

.XUYDZ DNWXNHVHWLP EDQJDQ)6 

*DPEDU .XUYDZDNWXNHVHWLPEDQJDQ)6 

.XUYDZ DNWXNHVHWLP EDQJDQ)6 

*DPEDU .XUYDZDNWXNHVHWLPEDQJDQ)6 

.XUYDZ DNWXNHVHWLP EDQJDQ)6 

*DPEDU .XUYDZDNWXNHVHWLPEDQJDQ)6 

NXDOLWDV GDUL PLQ\DN WHUVHEXW %LODQJDQ SHQ\DEXQDQ GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ

'DUL KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ \DQJ GLSHUROHK ELODQJDQ SHQ\DEXQDQ PHPLOLNL QLODL

6XKDUWR , %XDQD *LULVXWD 0HWRGRORJL GDQ 3HUDQFDQJDQ 3HQHOLWLDQ )7,

PO .2+ [ 1 .2+ [ 

PO +&O EODQNR  PO +&O VDPSHO [ 1 +&O [ 

%LO(VWHU %LO3HQ\DEXQDQ %LO$VDP

7DEHO$ 'LVWULEXVLW D 

7DEHO$ 'LVWULEXVL) D 

'5XQ )6 

'5XQ )6 

'5XQ )6 

'5XQ )6 

'5XQ )6 

'5XQ )6 

'5XQ )6 

'5XQ )6 56 

'5XQ )6 56 

'5XQ )6 56 

'5XQ )6 56 

'5XQ )6 56 

'5XQ )6 56 

'5XQ )6 56 

'5XQ )6 56 

%DQGXQJ -XQL %DQGXQJ -XQL

%$%, 3(1'$+8/8$1

%$%,, 7,1-$8$13867$.$

%$%,,, %$+$1'$10(72'2/2*,3(1(/,7,$1

%$%,9 +$6,/3(1(/,7,$1'$13(0%$+$6$1

%$%9 .(6,038/$1

7DEHO -XPODKSRKRQGDQSURGXNVLWRQDOSXNDWGL-DZDPHQXUXWWDKXQ

7XMXDQ SHQHOLWLDQ LQL DGDODK PHPSHODMDUL SHQJDUXK UDVLR UHF\FOH

'DUL KDVLO UDQFDQJDQ SHQHOLWLDQ YDULDVL SHQHOLWLDQ EHUSHQJDUXK VHFDUD

7ULJOLVHULGD\DQJJXJXVDVDPOHPDNQ\DVHMHQLV5 5 5GLNHQDOGHQJDQ

5HVLGXEHUXSDSDGDWDQ\DQJGLVHEXWEXQJNLO 5HVLGXEHUXSDVHUSLKDQ IODNH

(NVWUDNVL 3HODUXW

6HFDUD XPXP SURVHV SHQJDPELODQ PLQ\DN GDUL ELMLELMLDQ GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ

$VHWRQ

.DUERQ7HWUDNORULGD

(WDQRO

+HNVDQD

0HWDQRO

D 7HWHVWHWHV PLQ\DN \DQJ WHUGLVWULEXVL PHODOXL ELML PHPLOLNL XNXUDQ

'DUL SHQJDODPDQ GDQ KDVLO HNVSHULPHQ GLSHUROHK EDKDZD PLQ\DN ELMLELMLDQ

5DQFDQJDQ 3HUFREDDQ IDFWRULDO WXQJJDO XQWXN SHUFREDDQ

7DEHO 7DEHO$QRYD 5DQFREXWDPD

$ -.$ D 6 ) VV

% -.% E 6 ) VV

$% -.$% DE 6 ) VV

DODW -. DEQ 6

-XPODK -.7 DEQ

-.* -.7 -.$ -.% -.$%

-LND KDVLO DQDOLVLV YDULDQ PHQXQMXNNDQ SHUEHGDDQ \DQJ Q\DWD PDND

+DUJD )RKLWXQJ XQWXN PDVLQJPDVLQJ YDULDEHO \DQJ GLSHUROHK GDUL

.XUYDZ DNWXNHVHWLP EDQJDQ)6

.XUYDZ DNWXNHVHWLP EDQJDQ)6

*DPEDU .XUYDZDNWXNHVHWLPEDQJDQ)6

.XUYDZ DNWXNHVHWLP EDQJDQ)6

*DPEDU .XUYDZDNWXNHVHWLPEDQJDQ)6

.XUYDZ DNWXNHVHWLP EDQJDQ)6

*DPEDU .XUYDZDNWXNHVHWLPEDQJDQ)6

NXDOLWDV GDUL PLQ\DN WHUVHEXW %LODQJDQ SHQ\DEXQDQ GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ

6XKDUWR , %XDQD *LULVXWD 0HWRGRORJL GDQ 3HUDQFDQJDQ 3HQHOLWLDQ )7,

PO .2+ [ 1 .2+ [

PO +&O EODQNR PO +&O VDPSHO [ 1 +&O [

%LO(VWHU %LO3HQ\DEXQDQ %LO$VDP

7DEHO$ 'LVWULEXVLWD

7DEHO$ 'LVWULEXVL)D

'5XQ)6

'5XQ)6

'5XQ)6

'5XQ)6

'5XQ)6

'5XQ)6

'5XQ)6

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ )6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56

'5XQ)6 56