ALAT REPRODUKSI MANUSIA

a. Intrgonadal

1. Pada Pria

a Alat Kelamin Dalam

Alat kelamin dalam pria terdiri atas : testis, saluran kelamin dan kelenjar kelamin.

Testis

Testis disebut juga gonad jantan. Alat ini jumlahnya sepasang, bentuknya bulat telur. Testis tersimpan di dalam suatu kantong
yang disebut skrotum. Kantong ini terletak di luar rongga perut. Fungsi testis adalah sebagai alat untuk memproduksi sel- sel
sperma dan juga memproduksi hormon kelamin jantan yang disebut testoteron. Di dalam testis banyak terdapat pembuluh-
pembuluh halus disebut tubulus seminiferus.

Saluran Reproduksi (Kelamin) Pria

Sperma yang dihasilkan oleh testes akan keluar melalui saluran kelamin, yang terdiri atas :

Epididimis yaitu saluran yang keluar dari testis. Saluran ini panjang dan berkelok- kelok di dalam skrotum. Setiap testis
mempunyai satu epididimis. Oleh sebab itu, epididimis manusia berjumlah sepasang kanan dan kiri. Di dalam epididimis ini
sperma disimpan untuk sementara waktu, dan di sinilah sperma menjadi masak dan dapat bergerak menuju saluran berikutnya,
yaitu vas deferens.

Vas Deferens merupakan saluran lanjutan dari epididimis. Kalau epididimis merupakan saluran yang berkelok- kelok maka vas
deferens merupakan saluran lurus dan mengarah ke atas. Bagian ujungnya terdapat di dalam kelenjar prostat. Fungsi vas
deferens ini adalah untuk jalanya (mengangkut) sperma dari epididimis menuju ke kantong sperma atau vesikula seminalis.

Saluran Ejakulasi merupakan saluran pendek yang menghubungkan kantong semen dengan uretra. Saluran ini mempunyai
keistimewaan, yaitu mampu menyemrotkan sperma tinggi masuk ke uretra dan selanjutnya keluar.

Uretra adalah saluran yang terdapat di dalam penis. Uretra merupakan saluran akhir dari saluran reproduksi. Uretra terdapat
di dalam penis. Saluran ini mempunyai dua fungsi, yaitu : (1) sebagai alat pengeluaran, yaitu saluran untuk membuang urine
keluar tubuh serta (2) sebagai saluran kelamin, yaitu sebagai saluran semen dari kantong mani.

Kelenjar Kelamin

Disamping testis (gonad) dan slauran kelamin, alat kelamin manusia juga di lengkapi kelenjar- kelenjar kelamin. Kelenjar ini
bertugas memproduksi getah- getah kelamin. Kelenjar tersebut terdiri atas :

Vesikula Seminalis disebut kantong mani atau kantong semen. Jumlahnya sepasang, tetapi terikat menjadi satu kantong.
Dinding vesikula seminalis dapat menghasilkan getah berwarna kekuningan yang banyak mengandung zat getah kelamin. Cairan
ini yang mencukupi kebutuhan makanan bagi sel- sel sperma.

Kelenjar Prostat menghasilkan getah yang dialirkan ke saluran sperma.

Kelenjar Bulbouretra (Cowper) menghasilkan getah yang dialirkan ke uretra. Getah yang dihasilkan berupa lendir.

Sperma yang dihasilkan oleh testis, setelah bercampur dengan getah- getah dari kelenjar kelamin akan membentuk suatu
komponen yang disebut semen. Pada saat terjadi perkawinan (kopulasi), semen dipancarkan keluar melalui uretra.

b. Alat Kelamin Luar

Alat kelamin luar pria terdiri atas penis dan skrotum.

Penis merupakan alat kelamin luar yang penting untuk kopulasi atau persetubuhan. Kopulasi adalah hubungan kelamin antara
pria dan wanita yang bertujuan untuk memindahkan semen ke saluran kelamin wanita.

Di dalam penis tedapat uretra, yaitu suatu saluran yang dikelilingi oleh jaringan erektil yang rongganya banyak dan banyak
mengandung pembuluh darah. Apabila karena sesuatu hal, rongga ini berisi penuh oleh darah maka penis akan tegang dan
mengembang disebut Ereksi.

Alat reproduksi pria mulai dapat berfungsi semenjak masa puber, yaitu lebih kurang usia 14 tahun sampai tua, selama manusia
itu dalam keadaan sehat.

Scrotum merupakan selaput pembungkus testis yang merupakan pelindung testis serta mengatur suhu yang sesuasi bagi
spermatozoa

2. Pda wanita
b.Alat Kelamin Luar

Alat kelamin luar wanita terdiri atas : vulva, labium, saluran urine dan saluran kelamin.

Vulva, yaitu suatu celah paling luar dari alat kelamin wanita. Dapat di bagi menjadi 2, yaitu :

Labium mayor merupakan sepasang bibir besar yang terletak dibagian luas dan membatasi vulva. Di depan lambium mayor
terdapat tonjolan kecil yang disebut klitoris (kelentit). Pada klitoris terdapat jaringan erektil sehingga dapat berereksi seperti
halnya penis pada laki- laki.

Labium minor merupakan sepasang bibir kecil yang terletak di bagian dalam dan membatasi vulva.

Ke dalam vulva bermuara dua saluran, yaitu saluran urine (uretra) dan saluran kelamin atau vagina.

Vagina merupakan saluran akhir dari saluran kelamin

Terdapat sebuah lipatan kulit menutupi sebagian lubang vagina. Lipatan kulit tersebut disebut himen (selaput dara).

b. Aalt Kelamin Dalam

Alat kelamin dalam wanita terdiri atas ovarium atau indung telur, saluran kelamin dan vagina atau liang peranakan.

HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE EQUIPMENT

a. Intrgonadal

1. In Men

a The Genitals

Male genitals consist of: testes, genital tract and genital glands.
- Testes

Testes are also called male gonads. This tool is a pair, oval shape. The testes are stored in a bag called the scrotum. This bag is
located outside the abdominal cavity. The function of the testes is as a tool for producing sperm cells and also producing male
sex hormones called testosterone. Inside the testes there are many fine vessels called seminiferous tubules.

- Male Reproductive Line (Gender)

The sperm produced by the testes will come out through the genital tract, which consists of:

Epididymis is a channel that comes out of the testes. This channel is long and winding in the scrotum. Every testicle has one
epididymis. Therefore, the human epididymis numbered right and left. In this epididymis sperm is stored for a while, and this is
where the sperm becomes ripe and can move toward the next channel, the vas deferens.

Vas Deferens is an advanced channel of epididymis. If the epididymis is a winding channel then the vas deferens is a straight
line and pointed upward. The tip is inside the prostate gland. The function of this vas deferens is to nettle (transport) sperm
from the epididymis to the sperm bag or seminal vesicle.

Channel Ejaculation is a short channel that connects the bag of cement with the urethra. This channel has the privilege, which
is able to spray high sperm into the urethra and then out.

Urethra is a channel contained in the penis. Urethra is the final channel of the reproductive tract. Urethra is present in the
penis. This channel has two functions, namely: (1) as a means of discharging, the channel to remove the urine out the body and
(2) as the genital tract, which is the cement channel of the semen pouch.

- Sex Glands

In addition to the testes (gonads) and genital slurries, the human genitalia are also complete in the genital glands. This gland is
in charge of producing genital sap. The gland consists of:
 Seminal vesicles are called semen bags or cement bags. The number is a pair, but tied into one bag. The walls of seminal
vesicles can produce a yellowish sap that contains a lot of sex sap. This liquid is sufficient for food for sperm cells.

Prostate gland produces sap that flows into the sperm channel.

Bulbouretra gland (Cowper) produces sap that flowed into the urethra. The resulting sap is mucus.

The sperm produced by the testes, after mixing with the sap of the sex glands, forms a component called cement. At the time
of marriage (copulation), cement is emitted out through the urethra.

b. Outside Sex

The male outer genitalia consists of the penis and scrotum.

- The penis is an external genital that is important for copulation or copulation. Copulation is the sex between male and female
that aims to move the cement into the female genital tract.

Inside the penis there is the urethra, which is a channel surrounded by a lot of tissue erectile and contains many blood vessels.
If for some reason, this cavity contains full of blood then the penis will tense and expand is called Erection.

Male reproductive devices begin to function since puberty, which is approximately age 14 years to old, as long as the human
being in good health.

Scrotum is a testicular membrane covering the testicles and regulating the temperature for spermatozoa

repro_1repro_22. Pda woman

b. External Sex Apparatus

The female external genitalia consists of: vulva, labium, urinary tract and genital tract.
 Vulva, which is the outermost gap of the female genitalia. Can be divided into 2, namely:

- Labium major is a pair of large lips located on the wide and restrict the vulva. In front of the lambium mayor there is a small
bulge called the clitoris (clitoris). In the clitoris there is an erectile tissue that can erect like a penis in men.

- Labium minor is a pair of small lips located on the inside and limits the vulva.

Into the vulva empties into two channels, the urinary tract (urethra) and the genital or vaginal tract.

Vagina is the final channel of the genital tract

There is a fold of skin covering some of the vaginal opening. The skin fold is called hymen (hymen).

repro_12

b. Aalt Gender In

The female genitalia consists of the ovaries or ovaries, the genital tract and the vagina or the peranakan lesions.

Ovaries, generally a woman's ovaries are a pair. Shaped like an egg, it is inside the body cavity, in the waist area and on the
left and right of the steering wheel. Inside the ovary there are hormone-producing dead end glands and body cells that are in
charge of forming an egg or ovum. This cell-producing egg cell is called a follicle.

a. Estrogen that serves to maintain secondary properties in women and also helps in the process of maturation of ovum cells.

b. Progesterone that functions in maintaining the period of pregnancy.

Fimbriae is a soft cilia located at the base of the ovary adjacent to the end of the oviduct duct. Serves to capture mature ovum
cells released by the ovaries.

The infundibulum is the tip of the oviduct in the form of a funnel / enlarged and adjacent to the fimbriae. Functioning to
accommodate ovum cells that have been captured by fimbriae.
 The fallopian tube is a longitudinal tube after the infundibulum served as the fertilization site and the path for the ovum cell
to the uterus with the help of the cilia on the wall.

Oviduct is a pair of egg tubes, ie right and left. Functioning as a place of fertilization and the path for the ovum cell to the
uterus premises cilia aids on the wall.

The uterus is a hollow and muscular organ. Shaped like a pear with a smaller bottom. Serves as a place of embryo growth. The
type of uterus in humans is a simplex that is with one room only for one fetus. The uterus has three layers of walls:

The perimetrium is the outer layer which serves as the protector of the uterus.

b. Extragonadal

1. Breasts

The human breast is conical and extends from the second or third rib to the sixth or seventh ribs.

The breast has a network of glands composed of 15-25 lobes, each emptying in the ecretory duct and ending in the nipple. Each
duct extends as it enters the base of the nipple to form a milk sinus which functions as a milk reservoir during lactation. Each
lobe consists of 50-75 lobules which empty into an eccritory duct.

Putting milk and aerola contain smooth muscle that serves to constrict the aerola and pressing the nipple so that the nipple
upright and hard, thus will facilitate the emptying of milk sinus. The skin of nipples and aeroplasts are much pigmented and
hairless, but sometimes the aerolas contain hair follicles.

2. Skin

In certain areas of the body, the skin has a higher sensitivity and is sexually responsive, such as the skin on the buttocks and
inner thigh folding. Protein in the skin contains pheromone (a type of steroid metabolite of epidermal fat keratinocytes, which
acts as a "perfume" sex appeal.Pheromone is also found also in the urine, sweat and salivary glands