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Organ Systema
Urinarius

1. Ren
2. Ureter
3. Vesica urinaria.
4. Urethra.
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Fungsi Systema Urinarius

1. Excresi:
 Memproduksi, menyimpan, mengalirkan urine
2. Eliminasi:
 Membuang sisa metabolisme dari tubuh
3. Mengatur homeostasis:
 Mengatur volume plasma dan konsentrasi larutan darah
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 Sepasang organ saluran kemih terletak di rongga

retroperitoneal bagian atas.
 Berat dan besar ginjal bervariasi, terntung usia, jenis
kelamin dan ada tidaknya ginjal di sisi lain.
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Filtrasi (menyaring) sisa hasil metabolisme dan toksin dari darah

Mempertahankan homeostasis cairan dan elektrolit tubuh

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Korteks
• Nepron :glomerulus, loop of henle, tubulus kontortus proximalis,
tubulus kontortus distalis dan duktus kolegentes

Medulla
• Ductus

Darah yang membawa sisa hasil metabolisme tubuh difiltrasi didalam glomerulus dan setelah
sampai di tubulus ginjal beberapa zat yang masih diperlukan oleh tubuh mengalami
reabsorbsi dan zat sisa metabolisme yang I diperlukan oleh tubuh mengalami sekresi
membentuk urine.
 nephron 8

renal artery

renal vein
Each kidney contains over 1 million nephrons and thousands of collecting ducts

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Glomerulus DCT

renal
corte
x

PCT

renal
medull
Collecting duct
a
Loop of Henle
 efferent glomerulus 10
arteriole Bowman’
afferen s capsule
t proximal
arteriol convolut
ed tubule
arter e
y distal
convolute
peritubula d tubule
r vei
capillaries collectin
n g duct
loop
of
Henle
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blood

filtration

tubular
reabsorption
and
secretion

urine “refreshed” blood

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efferent
arteriole
afferent
arteriole

Filters blood;
proteins can’t
pass through

Bowman’s
capsule glomerulus
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PROSES PEMBENTUKAN URINE
1. PROSES ULTRA FILTRASI
- Terjadi dlm Kapsula Bowman
- Dilalui : - air
- elektrolit
- bahan organik dg BM <
- Tidak dilalui : - Sel darah
- Protein
- Jumlah 180 L/hr  urine 2 L/hr
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2. PROSES REABSORBSI
- Terjadi di tubulus
- Yg diserap kembali
- glukosa - air
- as. amino - Na+ Cl-
3. PROSES EKSRESI SEPANJANG TUBULUS
- H+, NH4+, K+
No SEGMEN FUNGSI
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1 GLOMERULUS ULTRA FILTRASI PLASMA
2 TUB. PROKSIMAL REABS - Cl- - K+
- Air - PO4
- Gluk - As. Urat
- AA
SEKRESI - H+
- As. Organik
3 LOOP OF HENLE REABS - Na + - Cl-
4 TUB. DISTAL REABS - Na + - Air
- Cl-
SEKRESI - H+ - NH4+

- K+

5 DUCT COLLUGENTES - REABS - NH4+ - Air

- Cl-

- SEKRESI - H+ - NH4+
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• Water
• Small Soluble Organic
Molecules
• Mineral Ions
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 Vascularisasi berasal dari a. renalis, cabang aorta
abdominalis.----- masuk hilus renalis ---- pecah menjadi
devisi anteior dan posterior ----- di dalam hilus renalis
pecah menjadi 5 arteri segmentalis.

 A. Segmentalis ----- a. interlobaris ----- a. arcuata ------ a.

interlobularis ----- a. affrents ----- glomerulus. ----- a.
efferentes.
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 Serat post gangglion symphatic T9 – L2.

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 Sepasang saluran musculer

sepanjang 25- 30 cm.
 Merupakan saluran yang
mengalirkan urine dari ren
menuju vesica urinaria.
 Gerakan peristaltic ureter
guna mengalirkan urine ke
dalam vesica urinaria
 Secara radiologis ureter
dibagi dalam 3 bagian : 1/3
proximalis, 1/3 medialis, 1/3
distalis.
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Suatu organ berongga

dengan bentuk kubah.
Berfungsi sebagai
penyimpanan sementara
urine.
Vesica urinaria dapat
menampung 1 liter.
Mucosa vesica urinaria
berkerut kerut yang
menghilang bila vu penuh.
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1. Mucosa (transitional epithelium)

2. Muscular layer (detrusor muscle): 3
layers of smooth muscle
3. Fibrous adventia
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Internal urethral sphincter:

• Smooth muscle
• Involuntary control
• More superiorly located

External Urethral sphincter:

• Skeletal muscle
• Voluntary control
• Posteriorly located
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Diuresis (Micturition)

When bladder fills with 200 ml of

urine, stretch receptors transmit
impulses to the CNS and produce a
reflex contraction of the bladder
(PNS)
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Dimulai dari orificium urethra

interna.
Menyalurkan urine dari vesica
urinaria ke luar tubuh.
Panjang pada wanita = 4 cm.
Panjang pada pria = 20 cm.
Dibagi menjadi 3
•Pars prostatica.
•Pars membranacea.
•Pars cavernosa.
Urethra pria juga
menyalurkan semen pada
saat ejaculasi.
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DUCT COLL  CALIX MINOR  MAYOR  PELVIS RENALIS  URETER 
VESICA URINARIA  URETHRA

PROSES MIKSI
SSP

VESICA URINARIA PENUH  MEDULA SPINALIS

KONTRAKSI M. DETRUSOR VESICAE

MIKSI
SPINTER URETRA
RELAXASIMIKSI
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characteristics:
• smell- ammonia-like
• pH- 4.5-8, ave 6.0
• specific gravity– more than 1.0; ~1.001-
1.003
• color- affected by what we eat: salty foods,
vitamins
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odor- normal is ammonia-like

diabetes mellitus- smells fruity or acetone
like due to elevated ketone levels
diabetes insupidus- yucky
asparagus---
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pH- range 4.5-8 ave 6.0

vegetarian diet- urine is

alkaline

protein rich and wheat diet-

urine is acidic
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Color- pigment is urochrome

Yellow color due to metabolic breakdown of
hemoglobin (by bile or bile pigments)

Beets or rhubarb- might give a urine pink or smoky

color

Vitamins- vitamin C- bright yellow

Infection- cloudy
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Water: s.g. = 1g/liter;

Urine: s.g. ~ 1.001 to 1.030
Pyelonephritis- urine has high s.g.;
form kidney stones

Diabetes insipidus- urine has low

s.g.; drinks excessive water; injury or
tumor in pituitary
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Glucose- when present in urine condition

called glycosuria (nonpathological)
[glucose not normally found in urine]

Indicative of:
• Excessive carbohydrate intake
• Stress
• Diabetes mellitus
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Albumin-abnormal in urine; it’s a very large molecule,

too large to pass through glomerular membrane >
abnormal increase in permeability of membrane
Albuminuria- nonpathological conditions- excessive
exertion, pregnancy, overabundant protein intake--
leads to physiologic albuminuria
Pathological condition- kidney trauma due to blows,
heavy metals, bacterial toxin
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Ketone bodies- normal in urine but in small amts

Ketonuria- find during starvation, using fat stores
Ketonuria is couples w/a finding of glycosuria-- which is
usually diagnosed as diabetes mellitus
RBC-hematuria
Hemoglobin-
Hemoglobinuria- due to fragmentation or hemolysis of RBC;
conditions: hemolytic anemia, transfusion reaction, burns or
renal disease
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Bile pigments-
Bilirubinuria (bile pigment in urine)- liver pathology such as hepatitis or
cirrhosis
WBC-
Pyuria- urinary tract infection; indicates inflammation of urinary tract
Casts- hardened cell fragments, cylindrical, flushed out of urinary tract
WBC casts- pyelonephritis
RBC casts- glomerulonephritis
Fatty casts- renal damage
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