TEKNIK PASCAPANEN
ACARA 3
RESPIRASI BAHAN HASIL PERTANIAN
DISUSUN OLEH :
B. Tujuan
Tujuan dari praktikum ini yaitu:
1. Melakukan Pengukuran respirasi produk hortikultura buah-buahan segar
baik buah klimaterik maupun non klimaterik
2. Melakukan analisis laju respirasi buah klimaterik san non klimaterik
BAB II
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2. Bahan :
a. Buah Klimaterik (4 buah tomat)
b. Buah Non Klimaterik (3buah jeruk)
B. Cara Kerja :
1. Menentukan massa jenis buah (ρ)
Langkah pertama dimasukkan air ke dalam gelas ukur sebanyak 500 ml
(V1, dalam ml) lalu ditimbang sampel (m, dalam gr), selanjutnya dimasukkan
sampel buah ke dalam gelas ukur, lalu dihitung kenaikan air (V2, dalam ml)
2. Menentukan laju respirasi produk (R)
Pertama diambil sampel masing-masing buah klimaterik dan non
klimaterik, kemudian masukkan ke dalam toples, lalu ditutup toples dan lapisi
dengan lilin wash pada tepi tutup dan pastikan tidak ada udara yang keluar/
masuk, selanjutnya kalibrasi alat ukur O2 meter dan CO2 meter, kemudian
pasangkan pada masing – masing toples, kemudian ukur kadar O2 selama 2 jam
dengan interval pengambilan data setiap 15 menit. Setelah itu diukur kadar CO2
selama 2 jam dengan interval pengambilan data setiap 10 menit. Setelah selesai
ditutup rapat kembali toples dan pengambilan data, selanjutnya dilakukan esok
harinya mulai pukul 09.00 – 14.00 dengan interval pengambilan data 30 menit
sekali (O2 dan CO2 )
Skema Alat:
Tabel Data :
1. Klimaterik
T (menit) O2 (%) CO2 (%) T
0
10
15
....
2. Non Klimaterik
T (menit) O2 (%) CO2 (%) T
0
10
15
....
NB : dilakukan selama dua hari
Rata – rata
Rata – rata
dGCO2 dt
A. Hasil Pengamatan
Tabel 4.1 Hasil Pengamatan Laju Respirasi CO2 dan O2 Buah Klimaterik
T
(menit) O2(%) CO2(%)
0 34.2 0.01147
15 27.1 0.01676
30 20.6 0.02566
45 20.8 0.03081
60 21.1 0.02512
75 21.2 0.02166
90 21.3 0.02281
105 20.9 0.02963
120 20.9 0.02785
1020 20.9 0.01152
1050 20.8 0.01152
1080 20.8 0.01152
1110 20.9 0.01153
1140 19.5 0.01153
1170 19.3 0.01152
1200 19.3 0.01151
1230 20.8 0.01151
1260 19.1 0.01151
1290 20.7 0.01151
1320 19 0.0115
Tabel 4.2 Hasil Pengamatan Laju Respirasi CO2 dan O2 Buah NonKlimaterik
T
(menit) O2(%) CO2(%)
0 19.3 0.01496
15 17 0.02275
30 16 0.03074
45 15.8 0.04096
60 15.3 0.04948
75 12.2 0.05915
90 12.1 0.07188
105 11.7 0.08534
120 11.6 0.09778
1020 19.3 0.01641
1050 20.8 0.01641
1080 20.3 0.01641
1110 20.7 0.01641
1140 20.8 0.01641
1170 20.4 0.01641
1200 20.8 0.01641
1230 20.8 0.01641
1260 20.7 0.01641
1290 20 0.01641
1320 20.3 0.01641
B. Analisa Data
1. Mengukur Massa Jenis Buah
Volume Buah :
Volume Buah Klimakterik (Pisang) = V2 – V 1
= (680 - 550)ml
= 130 ml
= 0,00013 m3
Volume Buah NonKlimakterik (Jeruk) = V2 – V 1
= (640-520)ml
= 120 ml
= 0,00012 m3
Massa Buah :
- Massa Buah Klimakterik = 134,7 gram = 0,1347 kg
- Massa Buah NonKlimakterik = 146,81 gram = 0,14681 kg
Densitas Buah :
0,1347
- ρbuah Klimakterik = mbuah/Vbuah = 0,00013
= 1036,153 kg/m3
0,14681
- ρbuah NonKlimakterik = mbuah/Vbuah = 0,00012
= 1223,416 kg/m3
T
dCO2/dt RCO2( kg/m3)
(menit) CO2(%)
0 0.01147
15 0.01676 0.000352667
30 0.02566 0.000593333
45 0.03081 0.000343333
60 0.02512 -0.000379333
75 0.02166 -0.000230667
90 0.02281 7.66667E-05
105 0.02963 0.000454667
120 0.02785 -0.000118667
1020 0.01152 -1.81444E-05
0.376467732
1050 0.01152 0
1080 0.01152 0
1110 0.01153 3.33333E-07
1140 0.01153 0
1170 0.01152 -3.33333E-07
1200 0.01151 -3.33333E-07
1230 0.01151 0
1260 0.01151 0
1290 0.01151 0
1320 0.0115 -3.33333E-07
Rata-rata 5.64836E-05
Tabel 4.5 Hasil Pengukuran Laju Respirasi O2 NonKlimakterik per Waktu
T
dO2/dt RO2( kg/m3)
(menit) O2(%)
0 19.3
15 17 -0.153333333
30 16 -0.066666667
45 15.8 -0.013333333
60 15.3 -0.033333333
75 12.2 -0.206666667
90 12.1 -0.006666667
105 11.7 -0.026666667
120 11.6 -0.006666667
1020 19.3 0.008555556
-165.3796668
1050 20.8 0.05
1080 20.3 -0.016666667
1110 20.7 0.013333333
1140 20.8 0.003333333
1170 20.4 -0.013333333
1200 20.8 0.013333333
1230 20.8 0
1260 20.7 -0.003333333
1290 20 -0.023333333
1320 20.3 0.01
Rata-rata -0.024812865
Tabel 4.6 Hasil Pengukuran Laju Respirasi CO2 NonKlimakterik per Waktu
T
dCO2/dt RCO2( kg/m3)
(menit) CO2(%)
0 0.01496
15 0.02275 0.000519
30 0.03074 0.000533
45 0.04096 0.000681
60 0.04948 0.000568
75 0.05915 0.000645
90 0.07188 0.000849
105 0.08534 0.000897
120 0.09778 0.000829
1020 0.01641 -9E-05
1.472426506
1050 0.01641 0
1080 0.01641 0
1110 0.01641 0
1140 0.01641 0
1170 0.01641 0
1200 0.01641 0
1230 0.01641 0
1260 0.01641 0
1290 0.01641 0
1320 0.01641 0
Rata-rata 0.000286
40 0.035
35 0.03
30
0.025
25
0.02
CO2
O2
20
0.015
15
0.01
10
5 0.005
0 0
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
1020
1050
1080
1110
1140
1170
1200
1230
1260
1290
1320
t (menit)
Gambar 4.1 Grafik Kadar O2 (%) dan Kadar CO2 (%) Buah Klimakterik terhadap Waktu
(menit)
25 0.12
0.1
20
0.08
15
O2
CO2
0.06
10
0.04
5
0.02
0 0
1200
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
1020
1050
1080
1110
1140
1170
1230
1260
1290
1320
t (menit)
Gambar 4.2 Grafik Kadar O2 (%) dan Kadar CO2 (%) Buah NonKlimakterik terhadap
Waktu (menit)
40
35
30
25
O2
20
15
10
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
t (menit)
O2 Non Klimaterik
O2 Klimaterik
Linear (O2 Non Klimaterik)
Gambar 4.3 Grafik Kadar O2 (%) Buah Klimakterik dan NonKlimakterik terhadap Waktu
(menit)
0.12
0.1
0.08
CO2
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
t (menit)
CO2 Klimaterik CO2 Non Klimaterik
Gambar 4.4 Grafik Kadar CO2 (%) Buah Klimakterik dan NonKlimakterik terhadap
Waktu (menit)
Contoh Perhitungan :
Diketahui :
T2 = 45 menit
T1 = 30 menit
% O2 pada menit ke 45 = 20,6
% O2 pada menit ke 30 = 20,8
dO2/dt menit ke-45 = (d2-d1)/(t2-t1)
=(20,8-20,6) / (45-30) = 0.013333
Diketahui :
V toples = 3295,5 cm3 = 0,0032955 m3
Vfree :
Vfree Klimakterik = Vtoples – V Klimakterik
= 0,0032955 – (0,00013 x 4)
= 0.0027755 m3
Vfree NonKlimakterik = Vtoples – V NonKlimakterik
= 0,0032955 – (0,00012x3)
= 0.0029355 m3
Wproduk :
Wproduk Klimakterik = 0,5388 kg
Wproduk Non Klimakterik = 0,44043 kg
dGcO2/dt = 5.64836E-05
RCO2klimakterik = dGCO2/dt x Vfreeklimakterik/Wklimakterik
0.0027755
= 5.64836E-05 x 0,5388
= 0.376467732ml CO2/ kg menit
2. Laju respirasi pada buah NonKlimakterik :
dGO2/dt = -0.024812865
RO2nonklimakterik = dGO2/dt x Vfreenonklimakterik/Wnonklimakterik
0.0029355
= -0.024812865 x 0,44043
dGcO2/dt = 0.000286
RCO2nonklimakterik = dGCO2/dt x Vfreenonklimakterik/Wnonklimakterik
0.0029355
= 0.000286 x
0,44043
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BAB VI
KESIMPULAN