Wabah Kolera Terjadi di Yaman, WHO: Tidak Perlu Panik Berlebihan

Muhamad Reza Sulaiman - detikHealth

Rabu, 12/10/2016 13:35 WIB

Foto: Thinkstock

Jakarta, Yaman, negara yang berada di ujung Semenanjung Arab, dipastikan mengalami wabah kolera
oleh Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO). Hingga Selasa (11/10/2016) lalu, dipastikan ada 11 orang yang
terinfeksi oleh penyakit yang menyerang sistem pencernaan ini.

Meski begitu, WHO mengatakan tidak perlu ada kepanikan berlebih. Omar Saleh, juru bicara WHO untuk
Yaman mengatakan wabah terjadi hanya di satu tempat, yakni di ibukota Yaman, Sanaa, dan belum
menyebar ke daerah lain.

"Seluruh kasus terjadi di satu daerah, dan pasien tinggal di wilayah yang sama. Tidak ada penyebaran ke
wilayah lain sehingga masyarakat tidak perlu panik," tutur Saleh, dikutip dari Reuters.

Saleh mengatakan hingga saat ini belum ada pasein yang meninggal. Selain itu, belum ada laporan soal
adanya kasus kolera di daerah lain di Yaman, termasuk di kamp pengungsian di luar Sanaa.

Perang yang terjadi di Yaman memang meningkatkan risiko terjadinya wabah kolera akibat banyaknya
penduduk yang harus mengungsi. Seperti diketahui, kolera gampang menyebar di lingkungan yang
sanitasi air dan makanannya buruk seperti kamp pengungsian.

Saleh juga menambahkan tidak beroperasinya sekolah dan rumah sakit akibat perang membuat
penanganan wabah semakin sulit. Bahkan setengah dari pusat kesehatan di pengungsian tidak lagi
beroperasi akibat tidak adanya pendanaan dari Kementerian Kesehatan.
Kolera sendiri merupakan penyakit dunia ketiga yang sering muncul di negara yang sedang dilanda
perang, terkena bencana alam atau tidak memiliki sistem sanitasi yang baik. Penyakit ini disebabkan
oleh bakteri Vibrio cholerae yang berkembang biak dan menyebar melalui kotoran manusia.

Bakteri tersebut dapat menyebar dan menyebabkan wabah dengan sangat cepat bila mengontaminasi
air dan makanan. Selain itu, kolera merupakan penyakit infeksi usus yang bersifat akut atau dapat
memburuk dengan cepat.

Penyakit ini menyebabkan tubuh kehilangan banyak cairan dalam waktu singkat akibat diare dan
muntah yang dialami pasien. Dalam beberapa jam saja, pasien dapat meninggal akibat dehidrasi. Itulah
mengapa kolera bisa sangat mematikan jika tidak segera ditangani.

Source : https://health.detik.com/read/2016/10/12/133500/3318831/763/wabah-kolera-terjadi-di-
yaman-who-tidak-perlu-panik-berlebihan
37 died in cholera outbreak in Eastern Lakes State
BOR/YIROL (14 Feb.)

At least 37 people died of cholera in Eastern Lakes and other 13 cases were recorded in Jonglei State,
local officials announced on Monday.

Tong Koyom, Yirol County Commissioner in Eastern Lakes State, told Radio Tamazuj on
Monday that a medical team from the state ministry of health reported that at least 37 people
died of cholera in three counties along the River Nile.

“There are no signs of cholera cases in my county, but there are three areas along the River Nile
where 37 people died due to cholera disease according to the state ministry of health. The areas
include Adior, Shambe, and even Minkaman of Awerial County,” said Tong.

Koryom pointed out that the state ministry of health had dispatched a medical team to those areas
in order to carry out a campaign against cholera.

For his part, Achol Marial, Minister of Information in Eastern Lakes State, confirmed that at
least 14 people died of suspected cases of cholera near the River Nile last week.

Elsewhere in Jonglei State, Minister of Health in Jonglei, Dr. Angok Gordon, confirmed that
cholera cases were reported in swampy areas near the River Nile in greater Bor counties.
However, the local official did not give more details about the matter.

Meanwhile, Dr. Kwai Deng Kwai, Director General at Jonglei’s Ministry of Health, said they
have recorded about 13 cases of cholera in the state.

He further said one case of cholera was recorded at Panyagor Hospital and that other 12 cases are
being treated at Bor Hospital. “Previously, we had more than 12 cases at Bor Hospital, but we
discharged some of them in the past few days,” said Kwai.
Dr. Kwai explained that the first cases of cholera were recorded in Jalle Payam last month, but
the other cases were reported later in Jarweng area and Duk County.

The local official noted that a medical team will be sent to Duk County soon.

Kwai pointed out that the state health ministry has already dispatched doctors to the worst
affected areas along the River Nile to advise local residents on how to treat drinking water.

He urged citizens in Jonglei to report any suspected cholera cases to nearby health facilities for
immediate treatment.

Photo: Cholera treatment centre in South Sudan in 2014 (Medair/Wendy van Amerongen)

Source: https://radiotamazuj.org/en/article/37-died-cholera-outbreak-jonglei-and-eastern-lakes-states
Cholera outbreak hits Mozambique

ARNALDO VIEIRA in Luanda Friday, February 17 2017 at 12:04 comment

A cholera outbreak linked to the current wet season in Mozambique has affected at least 216
people, the Health ministry confirmed.

VOA Radio quoted the deputy director of public health, Ms Maria Benigna Matsinha, saying at
least one fatality had been recorded.

Ms Matsinha was further quoted naming the areas affected by the epidemic as including Maputo,
Matola and Nampula.

Cholera is a highly contagious, dose-dependent disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholera
when ingested via contaminated water or food.

Other animals
VOA Radio further reported Ms Matsinha lamenting the high rate of malaria infections.

“This year alone, 900,000 cases of the outbreak have been recorded,” Ms Matsinha was further
quoted.

Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease affecting humans and other animals caused by
parasitic protozoans belonging to the Plasmodium type.

Yellow skin

Malaria symptoms typically include fever, fatigue, vomiting and headaches. In severe cases, it
can cause yellow skin, seizures, coma or death.

According to the World Health Organisation, nearly half of the world's population was at risk of
malaria.

In 2015, there were roughly 212 million malaria cases and an estimated 429,000 malaria deaths.

Poorest states

Sub-Saharan Africa continues to carry a disproportionately high share of the global malaria
burden.

In 2015, the region was home to 90 per cent of malaria cases and 92 per cent of malaria deaths.

Mozambique, with a population of 24 million spread across 10 provinces, and ranks 180th on the
UN Human Development Index out of 188 countries.

It is one of the world's poorest states, with a majority of the population surviving on less than $1
a day.

Source: http://www.africareview.com/news/Cholera-outbreak-hits-Mozambique/979180-3816754-
qkokjg/
HO and ECHO delivered essential medicines and supplies to the communities
affected by the cholera outbreak in South Sudan

Essential medicines and supplies allocated to Jonglei being loaded

onto a cargo plane WHO

February 2017, Juba, South Sudan – The world Health Organization (WHO) with support
from the European Commission's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection department (ECHO)
have delivered essential medicines and supplies to the communities affected by the cholera
outbreak in the Islands of Jonglei and Greater Lakes.

The shipment included full Diarrhoeal Disease Kits (DDKs) sufficient to treat 2 800 cases, oral
rehydration solution (ORS) modules and cholera investigation kits in addition to the cholera
preparedness and response guidelines. The supplies were deployed along with rapid response
teams that are currently working alongside local teams to control the raging outbreaks.

Without access to safe drinking water, food and shelter the affected areas lack even the most
basic resources to combat the disease.

“The Islands affected by the cholera outbreak in Jonglei have been hard to reach for over 6
months, leaving people in desperate need of food, water, sanitation, health services and
medicines”, said Dr Allan Mpairwe, WHO Health Security and Emergency Officer. Living
conditions are very difficult and people’s day-to-day lives are characterized by lack of basic
social services including basic and lifesaving medicines, medical supplies and laboratory
reagents in the health facilities, Dr Mpairwe added.

With the supplies now in place, six-man rapid response teams (one Medical Officer, two Clinical
Officers, one Nurse, one Public Health Officer and Epidemiologist) have been deployed to
augment the local response in Bor South, Awriel and Yirol East Counties. The current response
entails offering essential medical care to the displaced and to host communities affected by
cholera as a first step towards improving the humanitarian situation in the area. However, with
the inaccessibility and instability in the area great concern remains that the humanitarian
situation may further deteriorate, and that humanitarian access - and thus response capacity -
may be further threatened.

“Supplies were provided thanks to funding from the European Commission's Humanitarian Aid
and Civil Protection department (ECHO)” said Dr Abdulmumini Usman, WHO Representative
to South Sudan. “The humanitarian supplies provide vitally needed aid to the most affected
population by the conflict”, Dr Usman said.

ECHO and other partners, has been supporting the emergency response through provision of
Interagency Emergency Health Kits (IEHK), trauma kits, Diarrhoeal Disease Kits (DDKs) and
outbreak investigation kits to ensure humanitarian supplies are delivered and distributed to
affected communities as efficiently as possible.

Considering the ongoing response and the increasing health and nutrition needs, WHO is
committed to ensuring that all South Sudanese continue to have access to health services,
including those in the hardest to access areas through the provision of emergency lifesaving
medicines which currently are urgently needed.

Source: http://www.afro.who.int/en/ssd/news/item/9401-who-and-echo-delivered-essential-
medicines-and-supplies-to-the-communities-affected-by-the-cholera-outbreak-in-south-sudan.html
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