Nim : A31115011
Jurusan : Akuntansi
Question:
1. Using the information in this chapter, label each of the following statements true, false,
or uncertain. Explain briefly.
a. Since 1950, the participation rate in the United States has
remained roughly constant at 60%.
b. Each month, the flows into and out of employment are
very small compared to the size of the labor force.
c. Fewer than 10% of all unemployed workers exit the unemployment pool each
year.
d. The unemployment rate tends to be high in recessions and
low in expansions.
e. Most workers are typically paid their reservation wage.
f. Workers who do not belong to unions have no bargaining
power.
g. It may be in the best interest of employers to pay wages
higher than their workers’ reservation wage.
h. The natural rate of unemployment is unaffected by policy
changes.
#Answer
2. Answer the following questions using the information provided in this chapter.
a. As a percentage of the employed workers, what is the size
of the flows into and out of employment (i.e., hires and
separations) each month?
b. As a percentage of the unemployed workers, what is the size of
the flows from unemployment into employment each month?
c. As a percentage of the unemployed, what is the size of the
total flows out of unemployment each month? What is the
average duration of unemployment?
d. As a percentage of the labor force, what is the size of the
total flows into and out of the labor force each month?
e. In the text we say that there is an average of 400,000 new
workers entering the labor force each month. What percentage of total flows into
the labor force do new workers
entering the labor force constitute?
#Answer
a. persentse pekerja , aliran keluar dan masuk pekerja (masuk bulanan + keluar
bulanan) / pekerja × 100 = (5,4 + 5,4)/132,4 × 100 = 8% setiap bulan.
b. persentase pengangguran , aliran dari pengangguran menuju pekerja ( keluar
menuju pekerja / pengangguran)×100 = 2.1/8.4 × 100 = 25% setiap bulan.
c. persentase pengangguran , total aliran keluar dari pengangguran (keluar menuju
pekerja+keluar menuju out of the labour force)/ pengangguran × 100 = 2.1+1.9/8.4
× 100 = 74% setiap bulan, -Durasi rata-rata waktu yang dihabiskan orang
menganggur-adalah antara dua dan tiga bulan.
d. persentase angkatan kerja , total aliran keluar dan masuk pada angkatan kerja
(masuk+keluar)/keluar dari angkatan kerja × 100 = (1.9+3.6+1.8+3.3)/73.3 × 100 =
14% setiap bulan.
e. persentase total aliran masuk dari pekerja baru menjadi angkatan kerja ( pekerja
baru/total masuk keja) × 100 = (0.4/2.1+3.3) × 100 = 7% pekerja baru setiap
bulan.
Question:
#Answer
𝑤 1 𝑤 1
a. upah rill adalah = → = = 0,952
𝑝 1+𝑚 𝑝 1+0.05
𝑤
b. natural rate of unemployment, 𝑢 = 1 - → 𝑢 = 1 – 0,952 = 4,8%
𝑝
𝑤 1 𝑤 1
c. upah rill saat harga markup menjadi 10% adalah = → = = 0,909
𝑝 1+𝑚 𝑝 1+0.1
𝑤
maka, 𝑢 = 1 - → 𝑢 = 1 – 0,909 = 9,1%, ketika harga markup meningkat maka
𝑝
akan menyebabkan penurunan upah rill, akibat dari penurunan upah riil maka
pengangguran akan meningkat, karena perusahaan akan memberhentikan beberapa
karyawannya (PHK).