Stigma Lansia

• Butuh kasih sayang

• Tidak produktif
• Spritual meningkat
• Perubahan fisik menurun
• Lansia kembali menjadi anak kecil
 Latar Belakang
Kondisi Lansia di Indonesia
 LATAR BELAKANG
Jumlah Penduduk Lansia
• Tahun 2000 = 400
Dunia Juta
• Tahun 2025 = 1.5 M

• Tahun 2000 = 7.28 %

Indonesia • Tahun 2020 = 11.34
%
 Indonesia 414
Colo mbia 3 49
Kenya 3 47
Sing ap ore 340
Thailanda 337
Co st a Rica 32 7
3 21
Lib eria 30 3
295
M exico 290
27 9
Zimb ab we 2 71
257
B razil 25 5
25 4
M o ro cco 25 0
2 47
India 242
242
Sri Lanka 238
238
China 2 20
219
M alawi 194
1 46
Canada 141
137
Cuba 130
12 9
Jamaica 12 6

Projected percentage increase

1 21
Israel 1 20

in the elderly population, 1990-2025

10 1
New Zealand 10 0
97
Luxemb urg 96
82
Greece 66
66
France 65
63 Developing country
Hung ary 63

Developed country
59
B elg ium 54
50
Denmark 47
45
No rway 40
35
(Kinsella K & Taeuber, 1993)
Swed en 33

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

 Chi na

I ndi a

USSR

USA

Indonesi a
Projected increase in the elderly population
between 1980 and 2020 for the 20 countries with the
Br azi l
largest elderly population in 1980
Japan

M exi co

Ni ger i a

P aki stan

V i et nam

B angl adesh

Canada

Fr ance

I tal y

Pol and

Ger many

Ar genti na

Spai n

Uni ted K i ngdom

(WHO, TRS. 779, 1989)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Population increase (in millions)
 PERKIRAAN JUMLAH BALITA DAN LANSIA,
BIRO PUSAT STATISTIK

30
25
20
Population
15
(millions)
10
5
0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Years
Age 0-4 Age 60+

In 2010 number of Elderly = “under fives” (Indonesian Bureau of Statistics)

Hasil Penelitian Demografi UI (2008)

The Young • 60 – 69 tahun

Old • 11.13 juta

The • 70 -79 tahun

middle Old • 5.8 juta

The Grand • > 80 tahun

Old • 1.96 juta
 DATA UMUM PENDUDUK LANJUT USIA (dalam %)
(DATA OF ELDERLY POPULATION BY %)

No STATUS MALE FEMALE TOTAL

A PERKOTAAN / URBAN 100 100 100
1 Tidak terlantar (not neglected) 63.85 50.70 56.85
2 Rawan terlantar (neglect prone) 25.05 33.84 29.73
3 Terlantar (neglected) 11.10 15.46 13.42
B PEDESAAN / RURAL 100 100 100
1 Tidak terlantar (not neglected) 41.40 32.18 36.61
2 Rawan terlantar (neglect prone) 34.06 38.72 36.48
3 Terlantar (neglected) 24.54 29.10 26.91
C PERKOTAAN + PEDESAAN (U + R) 100 100 100
1 Tidak terlantar (not neglected) 49.85 39.38 44.36
2 Rawan terlantar (neglect prone) 30.67 36.82 33.89
3 Terlantar (neglected) 19.49 23.80 21.75
CBS Indonesia, 2000
 1999 DALE at birth WHO-Member States
COUNTRY YRS COUNTRY YRS
 Japan 74,5 (no. 1)  Indonesia 59,7 (no. 103)
 Australia 73,2  Brazil 59,1
 Switzerland 72,5  Philippines 58,9
 UK 71,7  Vietnam 58,2
 Germany 70,4  Pakistan 55,9
 Singapore 69,3  Iraq 55,3
 Argentina 66,7  India 53,2
 U. Arab Emirates 65,4  N. Korea 52,3
 Rep. Of Korea 65,0  Myanmar 51,6
 Mexico 65,0  Bangladesh 49,9
 Saudi Arabia 64,5  Papua NG 47,0
 Brunei D 64,4  Laos 46,1
 Hungary 64,1  Cambodia 45,7
 Kuwait 63,1  Ghana 45,5
 Sri Lanka 62,8  South Africa 39,82
 China 62,3  Kenya 39,3
 Malaysia 61,4  Afghanistan 37,7
 Russian Fed. 61,3  Ethiopia 33,5
 Thailand 60,2  Mali 33,1
 Zambia 30,3
Source : WH report 2000  Sierra Leone 25,9 (no. 191)
 Health of the elderly : Indonesia

• ±11% admitted bad physical condition (urban > rural).

• ±17% admitted unable to do ADL due to illness (female >
males).
• ±9% admitted to be hospitalized due to illness during
the last year (urban > rural).
• ±74% stated to suffer of chronic disease (rural > urban)
hypertension mostly suffered (females > males) (±20%)

(Source : LDUI & Unescap, 1997/98)

 Konsep “Menua sehat”
(The “Healthy Aging” Concept)
Endogenic Aging

Cellular Tissue Organ

Anatomical

Healthy Aging
(menua sehat)

Environment Life Style

Exogenic Factors

Gambar . Model Healthy aging dengan faktor-faktornya

(Boedhi-Darmojo, 1994, 2001)
 RISK FACTORS “ SPIDER MODEL” DEGENERATIVE DISEASES
Blood Pressure  Heart disease

Tobacco Stroke

Dyslipidemia Hypertension

Improper food Dementia

Glucose  CORE Diabetes M

Personality/ Stress  Cancer

Physical inactivity Osteoporosis

Alcohol Liver disease

Environment  Renal failure

Oral hygiene  Respiratory disease

Gambar 1. Faktor risiko dan penyakit degeneratif (FR harus dihindari/dihilangkan sedini mungkin
supaya lebih berhasil) - Boedhi-Darmojo, Retirement Speech 6 Januari 2001,
Sidang Konsorsium Ilmu Kesehatan (KDK) 2000.
 The 13 i
- Immobility - Impaction ( constipation )
- Instability - Iatrogenesis
- Intelectual impairment - Insomnia
( dementia )
- Isolation ( depression ) - Impairment of
- Incontinence - Vision
- Impotence - Hearing
- Immuno - deficiency - Smell
- Infection - Communication
- Inanition ( malnutrition ) - Convalescence
- Skin integrity

(Each of these complaints / symptoms are subjects of research / studies)

Source : Solomon et al ( UCLA Conference 1988 )

 GENDER

Health & Behavior

Social-serves determinants

Economic ACTIVE AGEING Personal

determinants determinants

Social Physical
determinants environment
CULTURE
Figure 8 The determinants of Active Ageing
WHO, 2002
 ACTIVE AGEING AS PREVENTION
OF DISEASE IN THE ELDERLY
HEALTHY AGEING  ACTIVE AGEING APPEAR TO
PREVENT DEGENERATIVE & CHRONIC DISEASE
USUALLY SUFFERED BY THE ELDERLY POPULATION

SEE THE SPIDER MODEL OF

RISK FACTORS & DEGENERATIVE DISEASE

START PREVENTION AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE !!!

HEALTHY AGEING ACTIVE AGEING SUCCESSFUL AGEING

 Goal
• Lansia harus produktif
• Bersosialisasi dengan baik