Tumor Jaringan
Lunak Ekstremitas
– Chemotherapy Kontroversi
• Imunotherapy Penelitian
Grading
System of the American Joint Committee on Cancer for
the staging of soft-tissue sarcomas
Stagea Gradeb Primary tumorc Metastasis in regional lymph nodesd Distant mets
IA G1 or G2 T1a or T1b N0 M0
IB G1 or G2 T2a N0 M0
IIA G1 or G2 T2b N0 M0
IIB G3 or G4 T1a or T1b N0 M0
IIC G3 or G4 T2a N0 M0
III G3 or G4 T2b N0 M0
IV Any G Any T N0 or N1 M1
aIA = Low-grade, small, and superficial or deep; IB = low-grade, large, and superficial; IIA = low-grade, large and deep; IIB =
high-grade, small, and superficial or deep; IIC = high grade, large, and superficial; III = highgrade, large, and deep; IV = any
with metastasis.
bG = Well differentiated; G = moderately well differentiated; G = poorly differentiated; G = undifferentiated. cT = Tumor
1 2 3 4 1
is ≤ 5 cm in greatest dimension; T1a = T1 tumor is superficial (lesion does not involve the superficial fascia); T1b = T1 tumor is
deep (lesion is deep to or invades the superficial fascia; that is, all intraperitoneal visceral lesions or lesions that invade
major vessels or that are located in the thorax, head, or neck); T2 = tumor that is >5 cm in greatest dimension; T2a = T2 tumor
is superficial; T2b = T2 tumor is deep.
dN = No metastasis in regional lymph nodes; N = metastasis in regional lymph nodes. eM = No distant metastasis; M =
0 1 0 1
distant metastasis.
Pembedahan
• Limb Sparing (mempertahankan ektremitas)
VS Amputasi
• Pengangkatn tumor secara maksimal
• Mempertahankan fungsi
• Amputasi dilakukan terutama kalau mengenai
Neurovaskuler atau mengenai tulang
• Frozen section memastikan batas tumor
Pengobatan
Tumor Ganas (Sarcoma)
1. Intra lesi eksisi
2. Marginal Eksisi
3. Wide eksisi
4. Radical Eksisi (Amputasi)
5. Paliatif
Intra Lesi Eksisi
• Jarang sekali, biasanya utk sarcoma dini, belum melengket ke jaringan
sekitar
• Follow up ketat
Clear Cell
Sarcoma
Marginal Eksisi
Dermato
Fibrosarcoma
Eksisi Luas (Wide Excison)
Myxoid
Liposarcoma
femur
Radikal Eksisi/ Amputasi
Fibrosarcoma Shoulder kanan
Improvement of
Disease Specific Survival
“DSS”
Proper
Surgery
Systemic Radiation
Therapy Therapy
– Nodular Fascitis
• Eksisi marginal
I.Tumor Jaringan Fibrosa
• Ganas
– Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma (MFH)
• Masa tidak nyeri
• 30-80 th
• Wide marginal eksisi/ Amputasi
• Radiotherapy pre & Post > 5 cm
– Fibrosarcoma
• Hampir sama dg MFH
• Gambar ikan Hering
– Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
• Low grade
• Wide marginal eksisi
II Jaringan Lemak
• Jinak
– Lipoma
• Subkutaneus, intramuscular
• Tidak nyeri
• Mobile
• Marginal atau intra lesi eksisi
• Rekuren
• Ganas
– Liposarcoma
• Paling sering
• Bukan di subkutan
• Bukan dari lipoma
• Low grade-high grade
• Wide surgical reseksi
• Kombinasi
• Amputasi
III Jaringan Neural (Syaraf)
• Jinak
– Neurilemoma (BenignSchawanoma)
• 20-50 th
• Tanpa gejala Masa
• Eksisi
– Neurofibroma (tosis) Von Rechlinghausen)
• Permukaan
• Tidak nyeri, tumbuh lambat
• Eksisi
III Jaringan Neural (Syaraf)
• Ganas
– Neurofibrosarcoma atau
malignant peripheral nerve
sheath tumor (MPNST)
• Tumor yg jarang
• Bisa dimana saja
• Benjolan, gejala neurologik
lumpuh
• Multi modalitas
– Wide eksisi amputasiRadiasi
chemotherapy
IV Jaringan Otot
• Jinak
– Cutaneous leimyoma
• Otot halus, Arrector pili
• Nyeri saat dingin atau perabaan
• Terapi
– Obat obatan
» Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents (eg,
phenoxybenzamine)
» Calcium channel blockers (eg, nifedipine)
» Anticonvulsants (eg, gabapentin)
• Eksisi skin graft
IV Jaringan Otot
• Ganas
– Leimyosarcoma
• Nodul kecil atau besarNyeri
• Bisa berhubungan dg vaskular
• Low-high grade
• Sulit diatasi
• Multimodalitas
– Rhamdomyosarcoma
• Tumor otot skeletal
• Sering pada anak, Sangat jarang
dewasa
• Bisa diamana saja
• Multimodalitas
V Jaringan
• Jinak Vaskuler
– Hemangioma
• Sering pada anak dan dewasa
• Kutanesus, sub kutan, intramuskular
• Besar gejala vaskuler
• Hilang umur 5-10 th
• Terapi
– Kompresion, NSID
– Sclerosing/ ablasi
• Ganas
– Angiosarcoma
• Dinding vaskular atau limfe
• Sangat ganas
• Sering amputasi
• Relatif tidak sensitif Multimodal
• Sering metastasis ke paru
VI Jaringan Synovium
• Jinak
– Kista Ganglion
• Penonjolan selaput synovium
• Isi zat seperti gelatin, mucoid
• Rekurensi tinggi
• Terapi
– Observasi self limited
– Aspirasi or Bibles bumps
– Eksisi
– Pigmented Vilo Nodular Synovitis
• Proliferasi synovial dan deposit hemosiderin
• Pembengkakan sendi, nyeri, disfungsi
• Terapi
– Arthroscopic synovectomy
– Open synovektomy
– External radioterapi
VI Jaringan Synovium
• Ganas
– Synovial Sarcoma
– Jarang
– Sangat ganas
– Sering di lutut
– Metastasis 30-60%
– Ro dan CT Mineralisasi
– Terapi
• Wide marginal eksisi Multi modal
VII Jenis lainnya
• Epiteloid sarcoma
– Tumbuh lambat
– Kekambuhan dan metastasis tinggi
– Sering misdiagnosis
– Kekambuhan dan Metastasis tinggi
– Radikal eksisi
• Clear cell Sarcoma
– Lambat, dihungkan dg tendon dan
aponeurosis
– Sering di ankle/ kaki
– Wide marginal eksisi + Radioterapi
• Alveolar cell Sarcoma
– Jarang
– Anak muda
– Badan dan ektremitas bawah
– Lambat sering metastasis