Narration
Jenis teks yang termasuk kedalam kelompok Narrative text adalah Narrative Text, Recount
Text, Anecdote Text dan News Items Text. Semua jenis tersebut di atas tergolong ke dalam
Narrative teks yang mana berfungsi untuk menceritakan sebuah peristiwa dan
menginformasikan kepada pembaca tentang suatu peristiwa.
B. Description
Jenis teks yang termasuk kedalam kelompok Descriptive text adalah Report Text, Descriptive
Text dan Explanation Text yang mana jenis teks ini lebih menekankan pada penggambaran
sesuatu dan cenderung menggunakan kata-kata yang mengandung arti mendeskrpsikan.
C. Argumentation
Jenis teks yang termasuk ke dalam kelompok Argumentative Text adalah Analytical Exposition
Text, Hortatory Exposition Text, dan Descussion Text yang mana jenis teks ini lebih
menekankan kepada alasan untuk mendukung atau mematahkan suatu anggapan atau
fenomena yang terjadi. Untuk mengetahui penjelasan dari berbagai jenis teks bahasa Inggris
di atas, mari kita lihat artikel terkait berikut ini:
1. Narrative Text
2. Recount Text
3. Procedure Text
4. Report Text
5. Analytical Exposition Text
6. Hortatory Exposition Text
7. Explanation Text
8. Descriptive Text
9. Discussion Text
10. News Item Text
11. Review Text
12. Anecdote Text
13. Spoof Text.
Berikut ini adalah penjelasan mengenai text-text tersebut di atas:
CHAPTER I
NARRATIVE TEXT
A. Pengertian Narrative Text
Narrative Text adalah satu dari 13 jenis teks bahasa inggris (genre) yang lahir dari kalangan
Narration (lihat Types Of Text) sepertihalnya Recount Text, Anecdote Text, Spoof Text dan News
Items Text yang mana berfungsi untuk menceritakan kisah masa lampau dan untuk hiburan.
2. Menggunakan Nouns tertentu sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan dan benda tertentu
dalam cerita. Misalnya : the king, the queen, dsb.
3. Menggunakan Adjectives yang membentuk noun phrase. Misalnya : long black hair, two
red apples, dsb.
4. Menggunakan Time Connectives dan Conjunctions untuk mengurutkan kejadian-
kejadian. Misalnya : then, before, after, soon, dsb.
5. Menggunakan Adverbs dan Adverbial Phrase untuk menunjukkan lokasi kejadian atau
peristiwa. Misalnya : here, in the mountain, happily ever after, dsb.
Orientation :
Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle
because her parents were dead.
Complication 1 :
One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because
they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.
Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she
ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having
breakfast. She ran away into the woods.
Resolution 1 :
Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell
asleep.
Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they
found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said,
“what is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.”
Doc, one of the dwarfs, said, “If you wish, you may live here with us.” Snow White said, “Oh
could I? Thank you.” Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and finally Snow White
and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after
Three Fishes
Orientation :
Once, three fishes lived in a pond. One evening, some fishermen passed by the pond and saw
the fishes. 'This pond is full of fish', they told each other excitedly. 'We have never fished here
before. We must come back tomorrow morning with our nets and catch these fish!' Then the
fishermen left
Complication :
When the eldest of the three fishes heard this, he was troubled. He called the other fishes
together and said, 'Did you hear what the fishermen said? We must leave this pond at once.
The fishermen will return tomorrow and kill us all!' The second of the three fishes agreed. 'You
are right', he said. 'We must leave the pond.' But the youngest fish laughed. 'You are worrying
without reason', he said. 'We have lived in this pond all our lives, and no fisherman has ever
come here. Why should these men return? I am not going anywhere - my luck will keep me
safe.’
Reslution
The eldest of the fishes left the pond that very evening with his entire family. The second fish
saw the fishermen coming in the distance early next morning and left the pond at once with
all his family. The third fish refused to leave even then
The fishermen arrived and caught all the fish left in the pond. The third fish's luck did not help
him - he too was caught and killed. The fish who saw trouble ahead and acted before it arrived
as well as the fish who acted as soon as it came both survived. But the fish who relied only on
luck and did nothing at all died. So also in life.
CHAPTER II
RECOUNT TEXT
Orientation :
On Friday we went to the Blue Mountains. We stayed at David and Della’s house. It has a big
garden with lots of colourful flowers and a tennis court.
Events :
On Saturday we saw the Three Sisters and went on the scenic railway. It was scary. Then,
Mummy and I went shopping with Della. We went to some antique shops and I tried on some
old hats. On Sunday we went on the Scenic Skyway and it rocked. We saw cockatoos having a
shower.
Reorientation :
In the afternoon we went home. That was very pleasent moment with my family that I
ever got.
CHAPTER III
PROCEDURE TEXT
Belajar bahasa Inggris pada kesempatan kali ini membahas tentang penjelasan dan
contoh Procedure Text. Pernahkah kalian memasak mie instant sendiri, apa langkah awalnya,
rebus air hingga mendidih, masukan mie, tunggu hingga matang, tuang ke mangkuk,
campurkan bumbu dan terakhir siap untuk disantap. Langkah-langkah atau instruksi dalam
membuat atau mengoprasikan sesuatu yang sering kita lakukan sebenarnya merupakan salah
satu contoh penerapan dari Procedure Text.
Steps
Firstly, dry a handful seeding under the sunlight.
Secondly, put the seeding on the soil. It should be in open area
Next, wait it. There will come out the sprout after that let it be bigger.
Finally, put it in another big pot. It will soon grow bigger and bigger and yield us some fresh
chilies soon.
Materials
Ingredients
1 egg, 50 g cheese, ¼ cup milk, 3 tablespoons cooking, oil, a pinch of salt and pepper.
Utensils
Frying pan, fork, spatula, cheese grater, bowl, plate.
Steps
Crack an egg into a bowl
Whisk the egg with a fork until it is smooth
Add milk and whisk well
Grate the cheese into the bowl and stir
Heat the oil in a frying pan
Pour the mixture into the frying pan
Turn the omelet with a spatula when it browns
Cook both sides
Place on a plate; season with salt and pepper
Eat while warm.
CHAPTER IV
REPORT TEXT
Sebelumnya apakah anda pernah mendengar apa iu Report Text? Report Text
merupakan salah satu jenis teks bahasa Inggris yang tergolong ke dalam golongan Description
(Lihat artikel Types of Text) yang fungsinya hampir sama dengan Descriptive Text. Jika anda
berfikir bahwa teks bahasa Inggris yang fungsinya mendeskripsikan sesuatu adalah hanya
Descriptve Text, anda salah besar. Ada satu jenis teks bahasa Inggris yang bertujuan
mendeskripsikan sesuatu, yaitu Report Text. Tapi sebelum membahas terlalu jauh perbedaan
antara Descriptive Text dengan Report Text, mari kita lihat pengertian dari Report Text berikut
ini.
1. General Clasification
Pada bagian general clasification (klasifikasi umum) berisi pengenalan fenomena/ benda yang
akan dibicarakan dengan menyertakan pernyataan umum yang menerangkan subjek laporan,
keterangan, dan klasifikasi-nya.
2. Description
Pada bagian Description (gambaran) terdiri dari gambaran dari fenomena/ benda yang
didiskusikan dari bagian ke bagiannya, kebiasaan atau tingkah laku untuk benda hidup, ataupun
kegunaannya untuk benda secara detail.
2. Menggunakan relating verbs untuk menjelaskan ciri, misalnya reptiles are scaly animals
(ciri ini berlaku untuk semua reptilia), dsb.
3. Menggunakan action verbs dalam mejelaskan perilaku, misalnya lizards cannot fly, dsb.
4. Menggunakan present tense untuk menyatakan suatu yang umum, misalnya Komodo
dragons usually weight more than 160 kg, dsb.
5. Mengguanakan istilah teknis/ ilmiah, misalnya water contains oxygen and hydrogen,
dsb.
General Clasification :
The white pelican is one of the most successful fish-eating birds
Description :
The success is largely due to its command hunting behaviour. A group, perhaps two dozen
birds, will gather in a curved arc some distance offshore. The birds then begin to move forward
towards the shore, beating the water furiously with their wings, driving the fish before them.
When the water is shallow enough for the birds to reach the fish, the formation breaks up as
each bird dips its bill into the water to scoop up its meal. As the bird lifts its head, the water
drains from its bill leaving the fish which are then swallowed. Pelicans are among the oldest
group of birds, Fossils of this genus have been found dating back 40 million years.
CHAPTER V
ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION TEXT
Seperti yang kita ketahui selama ini, jenis teks bahasa Inggris Exposition, seperti
Hortatory Exposition, merupakan teks yang menunjukkan suatu perdapat atau argumen
terhadap sesuatu. Untuk lebih jelasnya mari kita lihat penjelasan mengenai Analytical
Exposition Text berikut ini.
Thesis :
Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road
deaths and other accidents.
Argument :
Firstly, cars, as we all know, give contribution to the most of the pollution in the world. Cars
emit deadly gas that causes illness such as bronchritis, lung cancer, and ‘triggers’ off asthma.
Some of these illnesses are so bad that people can die from them.
Argument 2 :
Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander everywhere and cars commonly hit
pedestrains in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers.
Argument 3 :
Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or to
concentrate on your homework, and especially when you talk to someone.
Reiteration :
In conclusion, cars should be benned from the city for the reason listed
CHAPTER VI
HORTATORY EXPOSITION TEXT
Setelah kita membahas tuntas mengenai Analytical Exposition Text, belajar bahasa
Inggris pada kesempatan kali ini kita akan membahas tuntas mengenai Hortatory Exposition.
Corruption
Thesis :
Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between money and
corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even in the United States.
It’s just a matter of intensity. However, it is quite shocking when one reliable survey claims
Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia.
Argument 1 :
The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in the capital. As
most people know, Tanjung Priok port smuggling is not a new thing at all. Entrepreneurs who
want to minimize their tax payments tend to do such a thing more often. They even bribe the
officials.
Argument 2 :
Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing the corruptors
is still not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from getting a bad
mentality caused by corruption
Recommendation :
I believe we should start at the earliest stages in school and I think everyone should be involved
in the effort to eradicate corruption. We must not make any distinction.
Adapted from: The Jakarta Post, February 2005
CHAPTER VII
EXPLANATION TEXT
Explanation Text adalah sebuah teks yang berisi tentang proses-proses yang
berhubungan dengan fenomena-fenomena alam, soisal, ilmu pengetahuan, budaya dan
lainnya. Sebuah Explanation text biasanya berasal dari pertanyaan kami terkait ‘why’ dan ‘how’
terhadap suatu fenomena yang ada.
General statement :
Woodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from forest trees. The
woodchipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a selected area of the forest
called a coupe.
Squence of explanation :
Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs are taken to the mill. At
the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a chipper which cuts them
into small pieces called woodchips. The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other
impurities. At this stage they are either exported in this form or changed into pulp by chemicals
and heat. The pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed.
Closing :
Finally the pulp is rolled out to make paper.
CHAPTER VIII
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Penggunaan Descriptive Text pada percakapan sehari-hari banyak kita jumpai. Seperti
halnya ketika kita menggambarkan kenampakan fisik seseroang, benda, tempat, hewan atau
tumbuhan. Seperti apakah muka mu? Hidung mancung, mata sipit, bibir tipis, rambut lurus,
pipi chuby? Pasti semua orang pernah menggambarkan kenampakan sesuatu, baik itu orang,
benda, hewan, tumbuhan atau pun tempat. Descriptive Text merupakan salah satu dari 13 jenis
teks bahasa Inggris (Types of Text) yang secara umum menggambarkan suatu objek.
Tetapi berbeda dengan Report Text yeng memberikan penggambaran mengenai benda,
hewan, tumbuhan atau pun tempat berdasarkan riset yang mendalam. Descriptive Text hanya
memberikan penggambaran mengenia benda, hewan, tumbuhan atau pun tempat
berdasrakan pengetahuan si kami saja. Untuk lebih jelasnya lihat penjelsaan dari Descriptive
Text di bawah ini. Semoga bermanfaat.
Macquarie University
Identification :
Macquarie University is one of the largest universities in Australia. This year, in 2004, it
celebrates its 40th anniversary.
Description :
The university is located at the North Ryde Greenbelt, Sydney, where the New South Wales
government sets aside 135 hectares for the institution. In 1964, Macquarie area was a rural
retreat on the city fringe, but today the campus and its surroundings have evolved beyond
recognition. The North Ryde District has grown into a district of intensive occupation anchored
by a vibrant and growing university.
Blessed with a fortunate location and room to breathe, Macquarie can be proud of that careful
planning that retains and enrich the university’s most attractive natural features. A pleasing
balance between buildings and plating is evident across the campus. This emphasis on the
importance of landscape has created images of Macquarie as a place that members of the
university are most likely to pleasurably recollect.
One of the highlights of the landscape is the Mars Creek zone. It comprises landscaped creek
sides and valley floor, a grass amphitheatre, and artificial lake surrounded by rocks and
pebbles, native plants and eucalypts.
Today, a railway station is under construction. In three years1 time, Macquarie will be the only
university in Australia with a railway station on site. Macquarie is poised to be the most readily
accessible in Sydney region by rail and motorway, yet retaining its beautiful site.
My Mother
Identification :
Every people certainly have a mother. Becuase people was born from her. The existance of
her among us is definitely important. That is why I love her so much. I owe great debt to what
she has been doing to me until right now. I love you, mom.
Description :
My mother's name is Khodijah. She was born 49 years ago. She is short, but not too short. She
is little fat. And she is old. She has got short white stright hair. She has got brown skin. She is
beautiful. Her hand is so soft, the hand that have tought me to be kind person
She never stops to support me. She always tells me to not give up so easily. She always gives
me some fine solutions when I have some problems. The importance of her is never denied.
That is why I never reject her willings.
CHAPTER IX
DISCUSSION TEXT
Issue :
Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of the
world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria,
England in 1956.
Supporting Point :
Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear power
produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge amounts of energy. It
cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant
are as follow:
- It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.
- It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse
effect.
- It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.
- It produces small amount of waste.
- It is reliable.
Contrasting Point :
On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for
many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is reliable, a lot of
money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major
accident.
Conclusion or Recomendation
People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power was the
fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.
CHAPTER X
NEWS ITEM TEXT
Bagi anda yang akrab dengan salah satu media informasi yang bernama koran, pastinya
tidak begitu asing dengan salah satu dari jenis teks bahasa Inggris (Types of Text), News Item
Text. Walaupun anda tidak tahu tentang istilah News Item Text itu sendiri, tapi kami yakin anda
pasti mengerti tentang apa itu News Item Text karena sebagian besar informasi yang ditulis
dalam koran memiliki ciri-ciri yang sama.
Pada kesempatan ini, kami akan menghadirkan penjelasan News Item Text secara
lengkap dari mulai pengertian, tujuan komunikatif, struktur kebahasaan, ciri kebahasaan dan
juga contohnya.
Newsworthy Event
Seven people were killed in a collision between a bus, a car and a truck at 10:35 p.m. on Jalan
Sultan last night.
Backgroud Event
The dead were all passengers in the car. Police believe the car may have been trying to overtake
the bus when it was struck by a truck coming from the opposite direction. The driver of the car
may not have been using his lights, as the truck driver said he did not see the car approaching.
Sources
The police said the car should not have been trying to pass the bus, since overtaking is not
allowed on Jalan Sultan. In addition, the police reported that the car–a small Japanese car–
should not have been carrying more than five people. The names of the victims are not yet
known.
CHAPTER XI
REVIEW
Pernahkah kalian mereview benda, film atau sebagainya? kalau belum pernah,
pernahkah anda melihat sebuah resensi film atau buku? Anda bisa lihat contoh Review Text
pada koran-koran yang menampilkan resensi film atau buku, sebagai gambaran apa sih Review
Text itu.
Orientation
I absolutely love the Harry Potter series, and all of the books will always hold a special place in
my heart.
Evaluasi 1
I have to say that of all of the books, however, this was not my favorite.
Evaluasi 2
When the series began it was as much of a "feel good" experience as a huge mug of hot cocoa.
The stories were bright, fast-paced, intriguing, and ultimately satisfying.
Interpretation
Order of the Phoenix is a different kind of book. In some instances this works...you feel a whole
new level of intensity and excitement by the time you get to the end. I was truly moved by the
last page. Other times the book just has a slightly dreary, depressing feel. The galloping pace
of the other books has slowed to a trot here, and parts of it do seem long, as if we're reading
all about Harry "just hanging out" instead of having his usual adventures. Reading in detail
about Harry cleaning up an old house, for example - housekeeping is still housekeeping,
magical or no, and I'm not very interested in doing it or reading about other people doing it.
A few other changes in this book - the "real" world comes much more in to play rather than
the fantasy universe of the previous books, and Harry has apparently been taken off his meds.
I know that he had a lot to be grumpy in this book, especially with being a teenager and all, but
the sudden change in his character seemed too drastic. He goes from being a warm-hearted,
considerate person to someone who will bite his best friend's heads off over nothing. It just
seemed like it didn't fit with his character, like he turned into a walking cliché of the "angry
teen" overnight.
Summary
The "real" story seemed to happen in the last 1/3 of the book, and this part I loved. I actually
liked the ending (and yes, I cried!) as sad as it was. It packed a punch and it made me care
about the story even more. Still a really good book, with some editing it would have been great.
CHAPTER XII
ANECDOTE TEXT
Pernahkah mengalami kejadian ganjil atau tidak biasa? Dan pernah menceritakan
kejadian ganjil atau kejadian tidak biasa tersebut ke orang lain. Kalau anda pernah
menceritakan kejadian tersebut, pastinya akan sangat mudah memahami apa itu Anecdote
Text. Untuk itu, pada kesempatan kali ini kami mencoba menghadirkan penjelasan dan contoh
Anecdote Text untuk anda.
Abstract
How would you like to find a snake in your bath? A nasty one too!
Orientation
We had just moved into a new house, which had been empty for so long that everything was
in a terrible mess. Anna and I decided we would clean the bath first, so we set to, and turned
on the tap.
Crisis
Suddenly to my horror, a snake’s head appeared in the plug-hole. Then out slithered the rest
of his long thin body. He twisted and turned on the slippery bottom of the bath, spitting and
hissing at us.
Reaction/Incident
For an instant I stood there quite paralysed. Then I yelled for my husband, who luckily came
running and killed the snake with the handle of a broom. Anna, who was only three at the time,
was quite interested in the whole business. Indeed I had to pull her out of the way or she’d
probably have leant over the bath to get a better look!
Coda
Ever since then I’ve always put the plug in firmly before running the bath water.
CHAPTER XIII
SPOOF TEXT
Pernahkah kalian melihat salah satu program komedi, Seketsa? Pastinya kalian tidak
asing kan. Jalan cerita di Seketsa itu lah yang dinamakan Spoof Text. Awal cerita dimulai dengan
adegan atau kejadian yang biasa kemudian menjelang akhir ada adegan atau kejadian yang
tidak dikira yang membuat cerita tersebut lucu. Untuk melengkapi penjelasan mengenai Jenis
Teks Bahasa Inggris (Types of Text), pada kesempatan kali ini kami hadirkan penjelasan dan
contoh Spoof Text lengkap.