Pengantar BIOMOL PDF
Pengantar BIOMOL PDF
Lodish, H., Berk, A., Zipursky, A.L., Matsudaira, P., Baltimore, D., Darnell, J., 2000,
Molecular cell Biology, 4th ed., Freeman and Company, New York.
Alberts,B., Bray, D., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Robert, K., Watson, JD., 1994, Molecular
Biology of the Cell, 3th ed.,Garland Publishing, Inc, New York.
Devlin T.M., 2002, Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 5th ed., wiley-Liss,
New York.
Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L., Stryer.,2002, Biochemistry, 5th ed.,W.H. Freeman and
Company, New York.
Freifelder, D.,1987, Molecular Biology, 2th ed., Jones and Bartlett Publisher,
Boston.
Glick, B.R. and Pasternak, J.J., 1998, Molecular Biotechnology, Principles and
Applications of Recombinant DNA, 2nd. Ed. ASM Press, Washington DC.
Brown, T.A., 2001, Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis, An Introduction, 4th ed.,
Blackwell Science, UK
Human 2.9x109 bp
46
Prokariot Eukariot
mRNA
IFs, EF, RF
mRNA Translation
Decay
Turnover Interactions
Localization Modification
Pre-mRNA
Capping
Polyadenylation Splicing
mRNA
Decay
Turnover Interactions
Localization Modification
(PO4/dPO4, glycosylation)
II. MATERI GENETIK
Empty
DNA DNA
Chromosome
Good-Bye Dolly
At age 3 Dolly showed signs of premature
aging.
Dolly died at 6 years old from progressive
lung disease (symptom of old age)
• Dolly’s DNA was already 6 years old when she
was born - WHY?
TTAGGG Gene 1
Gene 2
Chromosome DNA
Telomere Length Declines
8,000
Telomere length
in base pairs
(human white 3,000
blood cells)
1,500
0 35 65
Age (years)
More on Dolly and Cloning
Dolly’s experimenters used 277 cloned
embryos to produce one sheep,
meaning 276 failed.
Question
How many failures will it
take to produce a human
Other Cloned Animals
July 1998
Cloned Cloned
cloned calves
mouse mule
Future Experiments
ButterCat CatCow
Future Experiments
SparrowBoxer TigerOwl
JUMLAH BASA VS KOMPLEKS
MAKHLUK
Chromosomes
16 6 24
Chromosomes
78 40 46
Human Genome
• Genome int
23 pasang kromosome 2x (4x109 bp)
2 m DNA/sel
• Genome mitokondria
Human 4 x 109
22 autosom yang berbeda
2 sex kromosom
Masing2 single linier DNA
CHROMOSOME
KROMOSOM
CENTROMER
region dari chromosom yang diperlukan untuk
pengikatan mitotic spindle saat proses mitosis
TELOMER
fragmen di ujung chromosom linier
replikasi secara khusus
untuk mencegah perpendekan chromosom
ORIGIN REPLIKASI
tempat awal replikasi berlangsung
Introducion
The Central Dogma
of Molecular Biology
Cell
Polypeptide
(protein)
KOMPOSISI GENA
FUNGSIONAL
PROMOTER
OPERATOR
ACTIVATOR BINDING SITE
STRUKTURAL GEN : mRNA
TERMINATOR