TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 1

TEKNOLOGI REPRODUKSI DAN

INSEMINASI BUATAN (1)
KH SEMESTER V

DISIAPKAN OLEH
Prof.Dr.drh.Pratiwi, Ts, MS.

10/20/2012
 TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 2

T I U : SETELAH MENYELESAIKAN MATA KULIAH INI

MAHASISWA DAPAT MENGERTI DAN TERMOTIVASI
MEMPELAJARI TENTANG TEKNOLOGI REPRODUKSI
DAN INSEMINASI BUATAN (IB)

Setelah menyelesaikan mata kuliah ini mahasiswa dapat

mengerti dan termotivasi mempelajari tentang teknologi
reproduksi secara umum, dan manfaat dan kegunaannya

10/20/2012
 TIK:
3 • Mhs dapat mengetahui informasi proses belajar
mengajar, pengertian dan manfaat teknologi
reproduksi.
• Mahasiswa memahami peralatan dan cara
penampungan semen serta prosedur evaluasi semen
• Penampungan Semen dan Evaluasi Semen
• Pengenalan jenis alat, bagian-bagian dan fungsi
alat
• Metode penampungan semen
• teknik penanganan ejakulat

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Deskripsi
4
• Dalam mata kuliah ini dibicarakan mengenai Teknik
penampungan dan evaluasi semen, pembuatan
semen cair, pembuatan semen beku, inseminasi
buatan, sinkronisasi estrus, super ovulasi, fertilisasi in
vitro dan embrio transfer.

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Tujuan Intruksional Umum
Setelah menyelesaikan mata kuliah ini mahasiswa
5
diharapkan menguasai
• teknik penampungan
• evaluasi semen,

• pembuatan semen cair,

• pembuatan semen beku,
• inseminasi buatan,

• sinkronisasi estrus,

• super ovulasi,

• fertilisasi in vitro

• embrio transfer.

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 TIK : Inseminasi Buatan
6

• Mahasiswa dapat mengerti dan mempraktekkan

teknik IB, peralatan, dan sistem pencatatan dan
penilaian hasil
• Pengertian, tujuan dan manfaat serta kerugian IB
• Peralatan dan fungsi bagian alat IB, teknik merakit
alat IB
• Deteksi estrus, waktu optimum untuk IB, tempat
deposisi semen
• Prosedur IB; dosis IB, teknik IB pada sapi, kerbau,
kambing/domba
• Sistem pencatatan dan penilaian hasil IB

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 TUJUAN AI
7

 PEJANTAN UNGGUL
 KETURUNAN UNGGUL
 MENGURANGI KEMUNGKINAN TRANSMISI
PENYAKIT
 PENYELESAIAN BREEDING PROBLEM

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Ciri birahi

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 Breeding Systems
10

 Grading-Up
 Mating purebred male (sires) to unregistered or
corssbred females (dams)
 Yorkshire bore X Yorkshire/Hampshire sow
 Hybrid Vigor
 Superior traits from crossbreeding
 Offspring are better than parents

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Breeding Systems
11
 Inbreeding
 Mating closely related animals
 Brother X Sister
 Son X Mother
 Father X Daughter

• Linebreeding
– Breeding more distant relatives than inbreeding
– Cousin X Cousin

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Breeding Systems
12
 Pure Breeding
 Registeredmale and female animals
 Angus X Angus

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 Breeding Systems
13

 Cross Breeding
 Mating a male and female of different breeds
 Angus X Charolais = Crossbreed

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Components of Male Reproductive Capacity

Libido

Physical ability to mate

 Total available sperm production

 Quality of sperm produced

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 Total available sperm production:
Factors affecting
Size of testes - sperm production
Scrotal circumference
 Size of cauda epididymis - storage of reserve
sperm
 Cryptorchidism
 Testicular hypoplasia
 Effect of ejaculation of sperm production

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Process of Artificial Insemination

 Semen Collection
 Two methods
 Artificial
vaginas
 electroejaculation

 Semen Processing, Storage and Handling

 Insemination

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

Spermatogenesis

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 Trout Spermatozoa
21

http://www.rennes.inra.fr/scribe/images/spermato.jpg
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 Semen Collection
23

 Male is trained to mount a teaser animal or

dummy
 Penis is directed into an artificial vagina that is
temperature controlled to be the same
temperature as the female.
 Ejaculation occurs

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

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 Frequency of collection
27

 Bulls
 Twice a day – 2 days/week- frozen semen
 Three times a week otherwise

 Sheep
 Many times a day for several weeks
 Boars and Stallions
 Every other day
 If everyday is required for short period, let rest for 2-3 days
between intensive collection.

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 BENTUK ABNORMAL SPZ
28

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

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 Semen Analysis
NORMAL ALAMI
 Alkalinity=7.2 to 7.6
 Normal discharge=2-5 ml per
ejaculation
 Sperm count is roughly 50-130
million per ml of ejaculate.
 Morphology= <35% are
abnormal
 Motility= 60% exhibit forward
motility
 Survival=can live 48 hours after
ejaculation
 Sterility=less than 20 million
sperm/ml

10/20/2012 TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 30

 SYARAT MINIMAL SPZ
31

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Macho Sperm Theory
32

 Damaged sperm may still

fertilize an egg.
 Some toxins may alter the
sperm’s chromosomes which
carry genetic information
 Results infertility and
miscarriage to birth
defects, learning
disabilities and childhood
cancer and kidney cancer

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Semen
33
Processing
 Dillution
 Can be diluted so that more animals can be bred with
one ejaculate
 Freezing
 Use liquid nitrogen at -320 F
 Storage
 Put into ampules or plastic straws.
 Liquid nitrogen tanks
 Horse and swine semen is generally not frozen

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Insemination
34  Estrus detection in female
 Timing is important – sperm need to be injected into
oviduct at ovulation
 Semen is thawed and placed in inseminating device.

 Technician inserts speculum into female reproductive

tract into cervix
 Inseminating tube is inserted and sperm is
deposited.
 Technician is well trained to avoid damaging the
reproductive tract of females.
 Cleanliness and sterilization are very important to
reduce disease transmission.

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Procedures
 Cattle
35
 Rectovaginal technique -Straw inseminating gun or
pipet
 Sheep
 Speculum – straw inseminating gun or pipet
 Laparoscopic insemination (most common)
 Semen is deposited directly into the uterine horns by way of
surgical procedure.
 Swine
 Cork screw pipet
 pipet is hooked to bottle containing semen
 Horse
 Vaginal method
 Straw inseminating gun or pipet
TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012
36  Procedures for cattle
 Collect semen
 Freeze semen

 Identify cow in heat

 Thaw semen

 Rectal palpation

 Pass inseminating gun

 Deposit semen Insemination Tubes

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Bovine Estrous Cycle
•19-23 days in mature cows
•19-22 days in heifers
37

Cycle is divided into four periods:

Pro Est Metestrus Diestrus
TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012
 Insemination Timeline

Sperm Viability
12 to 30 h
sperm transport Ova viability

6h 8 to 12 h

24 - 32 h
Onset of E strus Ovulation

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39  Procedures for cattle
 Collect semen
 Freeze semen

 Identify cow in heat

 Thaw semen

 Rectal palpation

 Pass inseminating gun

 Deposit semen Insemination Tubes

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

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TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Cows
41

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  Procedures for swine
43
 Lubricate spirette tip
 Pass through to cervix (semen not attached)
 Rotate clockwise through cervix
 Attach semen bottle
 Deposit semen

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

  Procedures for Horses
44
 Collect semen and extend
 Identify mare in heat

 Prepare semen (syringe and insemination tube)

 Vaginal palpation

 Pass insemination tube

 Deposit semen in uterus

Syringe and
Insemination Tube

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Mares
45

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  Future
 Growing industry
 Semen sexing
47

• Semen sexing
– Two million
cells

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TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

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 Sperm Producing Capacity
SPERM BULL BOAR RAM STALLION

x 106 /gram of
16 27 25 20
testis/day

Testis wt.
350 360 275 200
(grams)
Total sperm 11 19 14 8
production. (x
109 sperm)

Length of 61 34 49 49
Spermatogene
sis (Days)

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 Semen and ejaculation
characteristics of farm species
CATTLE
DAIRY BEEF SHEEP SWINE HORSES
225* -
Volume (ml)
6 4 1-2 400 60* - 100
Sperm
concentration
(billion/ml) 1.2 1.0 3.0 0.2 0.15
Total sperm
(billion) 7 4 3 45 9
Motile
Sperm % 70 65 75 60 70
Morphologicall
y normal
sperm % 80 80 90 60 70
pH 6.5-7.0 6.5-7.0 5.9-7.3 6.8-7.3 6.2-7.8
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 Components of Male Reproductive
Capacity

Libido

Physical ability to mate

 Total available sperm production

 Quality of sperm produced

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 Praktikum tek rep & AI
53

 Jenis-jenis bahan pengencer, sifat kimia dan fisik

bahan pengencer, proporsi/komposisi bahan
pengencer.
 Proses pengenceran, formulasi pengencer
 daya tahan pengencer
 metode penyimpanan dan kemasan

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Semen Processing
54

 Dillution
 Can be diluted so that more animals can be bred with
one ejaculate
 Freezing
 Use liquid nitrogen at -320 F
 Storage
 Put into ampules or plastic straws.
 Liquid nitrogen tanks
 Horse and swine semen is generally not frozen

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Praktikum semen cair
55

 Evaluasi semen segar; makroskopis dan

mikroskopis
 Mahasiswa memahami dan dapat menjelaskan
bahan pengencer dan prose pengenceran
semen, metode penyimpanan dan kemasan
 Pembuatan Semen Cair

 Pengertian, tujuan dan manfaat semen cair

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Pembuatan Semen Beku
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(Frozen Semen)
 Pengertian, tujuan dan manfaat pembekuan
semen
 Formulasi Bahan Pengencer dan Agen
Krioprotektif
 Problem utama pembekuan semen

 Macam-macam teknik dan peralatan

pembekuan semen
 Kemasan semen beku

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Semen beku
57

• Prosedur pembekuan semen

• Metode gliserolisasi, proses penurunan suhu ke 5
• ekuilibrasi, suhu kritis, periode pembekuan dan
penyimpanan semen beku
• Metode pencairan ulang (thawing), macam-macam
cara thawing, suhu thawing, penanganan post
thawing
• Evaluasi semen post thawing

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Reproductive Functions (Female)
58

Estrous period length by species:

Cow 12 - 18 hours
Ewe 24 - 36 hours
Sow 48 - 72 hours
Mare 90 - 170 hours
Hens & Women none

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Reproductive Functions (Female)
59

Gestation and Lactation Periods:

Species Gestation Period Lactation(Milking)

Cow 275 - 285 days beef 180 - 270 days
dairy 305 - 365 days
Ewe 115 - 142 days 60 - 90 - 120 days
Sow 112 - 115 days 21 - 42 days
Mare 330 - 345 days 90 - 150 days
Woman 270 days ? years

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Reproductive Functions of the Female
60

Estrous cycle - time from one heat period (or

menstrual cycle) to the next.

Length of estrous cycle by species:

Cow 19 - 21 days
Ewe 16 - 17 days
Sow 19 - 21 days
Mare 21 - 24 days
Woman 28 days
Hen none

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

 Estrous
 Length of the cycle
 Estrus
 When animal is in heat
 Sexual receptivity

Species Length of Duration of Estrus to

Estrous Estrus Ovulation
Cattle 21d 15 h 24-32 h
Pig 21 d 50 h 36-44 h
Sheep 17 d 30 h 24-30 h
Horse 21 d 7d 5d

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  Estrous detection
62  Observation
 Computerized estrous detection
 Chin-ball marker
 Heat mount detectors
 Paint/chalk
Paint/chalk

KAMAR

Chin-Ball marker
ElectronicTEKPRO
Heat Detection
- OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012
63

Illustrates how the Electronic Heat Detection System works

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012

  Cow not in heat
64

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65

 Hafez (1992), Austin & Short (1982) Toelihere

(1985), Hunter (1981), Sulisbury & Van Demark
(1985).Macfarlane at.al. (1992

TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 10/20/2012