3. (8.3) A surcharged manhole with a 30° bend has a local loss constant kL_0.5.

Determine
the pipe length, LE, equivalent to this local loss (assuming that it is independent of
velocity) for a pipe with a diameter of 450mm and ks of 1.5 mm. If velocity is 1.3 m/s, is
the assumption above valid? (Assume kinematic viscosity_1.14_10_6m2/s.)
Jawab :

6. (9.5) A rectangular cross-section culvert has a width 1.2 m, height 0.6m, slope 1:1000,
and Manning’s n 0.013. For a significant length within the culvert flow is at the normal
depth, 0.2 m. At the inlet, local losses can be calculated using K = 0.5. It can be assumed
that upstream velocity is negligible.
Jawab :
Gorong-Gorong
b = 1.2 m
h = 0.6 m
s = 0.001
n = 0.013
d = 0.2 m
Gorong-gorong memiliki kedalaman air 0.2 m < 0.6 m
A = b . d = 0.24 m2
R = A / (b + 2 . d) = 0.15 m
2 1
1
Persamaan Manning = v= ∙ R 3 ∙ I 2 =0.687 m/s
n
3
Q=v ∙ A=0.1648 m /s
0.1648
= g ∙ dc
1.2 ∙ d c √
 dengan menggunakan solver didapat nilai dc adalah 0,124 m sehingga kemiringan
memiliki tipe mild.

Specific Energy :
v2 0.6872
E= y + =0.2+ =0.224 m
2∙g 2 ∙ 9.8
0.5∗v 2c
Kehilangan energi masuk h L = =0.5∙ ¿ ¿
2∙g
Kecepatan aliran di hulu diabaikan sehingga
d u=0.224+0.03=0.254 m

7. (10.6) Redesign the foul sewer network specified in Example 10.3 on a steep site with an
inflow of Qa= 45l/s.
Jawab :

Kemiringan rata-rata 1:100 s=0.01

Qa = 45 l/s
Kedalaman proporsional maksimum adalah 0.75 m
Kecepatan minimum adalah 0.75 m/s
Kekasaran pipa ks = 1.5mm
No. Pipa Rumah Rata2 Area Rata2 Area dan Rata2 Jumlah
puncak Komersil puncak tipe puncak puncak
debit (ha) debit Industri debit debit
aliran* aliran** (ha) aliran** aliran
(Q3) (l/s) (Q5) (l/s) * (Q7)
(l/s)
1.1 200 8.4 - 0 1.65M 19.8 28.2
2.1 250 10.5 - 0 1.7L 10.2 20.7
1.2 140 5.9 1.1 1.1 0.6L 3.6 10.6
1.3 500 21 2.8 2.8 - 0 23.8
*Berdasarkan 3 orang setiap rumah maka Q3 dikali 0.042 l/s.rumah
**Berdasarkan 300 l/hari.100 m2 dan DWF dibagi 3 (Q5=1 l/s.ha)
***Berdasarkan 2 dan 4 l/s.ha maka Light Industri dan Medium Industri (L=6 l/s.ha
dan M=12l/s.ha)
No. Jumlah Debit Asumsi Gradien Kedalaman Kecepatan Komentar
Pipa puncak aliran ukuran minimum Proporsiona (m/s)*
debit kumulatif pipa (1 : x) l dalam
aliran (mm) aliran
1.1 28.2 73.2 250 90 0.75 1.62 Depth-limited
300 240 0.75 0.99 Depth-limited
375 600 0.67 0.62 Velocity-limited
2.1 20.7 20.7 150 47 0.75 1.45
225 270 0.64 0.75
1.2 10.6 104.5 300 95 0.75 1.77
375 320 0.75 0.96
1.3 23.8 128.3 375 200 0.75 1.3
450 500 0.75 0.82
*Kecepatan didapat dari persamaan :

Dengan D didapat dari debit aliran kumulatif.