Simbol matematika dasar

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Kategori

Kesamaan

x = y berarti x and y mewakili

= sama dengan
hal atau nilai yang sama.
1+1=2

umum

Ketidaksamaan

x ≠ y berarti x dan y tidak

≠ tidak sama dengan mewakili hal atau nilai yang 1≠2
sama.

umum

Ketidaksamaan

< x < y berarti x lebih kecil dari y.

lebih kecil dari; 3<4
lebih besar dari x > y means x lebih besar 5>4
> dari y.

order theory

≤ Ketidaksamaan
x ≤ y berarti x lebih kecil dari 3 ≤ 4 and 5 ≤ 5
 atau sama dengan y. 5 ≥ 4 and 5 ≥ 5
lebih kecil dari atau
≥ sama dengan, x ≥ y berarti x lebih besar dari
lebih besar dari atau sama dengan y.
atau sama dengan

order theory

Perjumlahan

4 + 6 berarti jumlah antara 4

tambah 2+7=9
dan 6.

aritmatika

+
disjoint union
A1={1,2,3,4}
∧ A2={2,4,5,7} ⇒
the disjoint union A1 + A2 means the disjoint A1 + A2 = {(1,1),
of … and … union of sets A1 and A2. (2,1), (3,1), (4,1),
(2,2), (4,2), (5,2),
(7,2)}
teori himpunan

Perkurangan

kurang 9 − 4 berarti 9 dikurangi 4. 8−3=5

− aritmatika

tanda negatif

−3 berarti negatif dari angka 3. −(−5) = 5

negatif
 aritmatika

set-theoretic
complement
A − B berarti himpunan yang
mempunyai semua anggota {1,2,4} − {1,3,4} = {
minus; without dari Ayang tidak terdapat 2}
pada B.

set theory

multiplication

3 × 4 berarti perkalian 3 oleh

kali 7 × 8 = 56
4.

aritmatika

Cartesian product
× X×Y means the set of
the Cartesian all ordered pairs with the first {1,2} × {3,4} =
product of … and element of each pair selected {(1,3),(1,4),(2,3),(2,4
…; the direct from X and the second )}
product of … and element selected from Y.
…

teori himpunan

cross product
u × v means the cross (1,2,5) × (3,4,−1) =
cross
product of vectors u and v (−22, 16, − 2)
vector algebra

÷ division
2 ÷ 4 = .5
bagi 6 ÷ 3 atau 6/3 berati 6 dibagi
3.
12/4 = 3
/ aritmatika

√ square root √x berarti bilangan positif yang √4 = 2

 akar kuadrat kuadratnya x.

bilangan real

complex square
root
if z = r exp(iφ) is represented
the complex
in polar coordinates with -π < √(-1) = i
square root of;
φ ≤ π, then √z = √r exp(iφ/2).
square root

Bilangan kompleks

absolute value
|x| means the distance in
|3| = 3, |-5| = |5|
|| nilai mutlak dari the real line (or the complex
|i| = 1, |3+4i| = 5
plane) between x and zero.
numbers

factorial
4! = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 =
! faktorial n! adalah hasil dari 1×2×...×n.
24
combinatorics

probability
distribution
X ~ D, means the random X ~ N(0,1),
~ has distribution; variable X has the probability the standard normal
tidk terhingga distribution D. distribution

statistika

material implication A ⇒ B means if A is true

then B is also true; if A is false
implies; if .. then
⇒ then nothing is said about B.
x = 2 ⇒ x2 = 4 is
true, but x2 =
→ may mean the same as ⇒,
→ or it may have the meaning
4 ⇒ x= 2 is in
general false
forfunctions given below.
propositional logic (since x could be
−2).
⊃ ⊃ may mean the same as ⇒,
or it may have the meaning
forsuperset given below.

material
⇔ equivalence
A ⇔ B means A is true if B is x + 5 = y +2 ⇔ x +
if and only if; iff true and A is false if B is false. 3=y
↔ propositional logic

¬ logical negation The statement ¬A is true if and ¬(¬A) ⇔ A

 not only if A is false. x ≠ y ⇔ ¬(x = y)

˜ A slash placed through

propositional logic another operator is the same

as "¬" placed in front.

logical
conjunction or mee
n<
t in alattice The statement A ∧ B is true
4 ∧ n >2 ⇔ n = 3
∧ and
if A and B are both true; else it
when n is anatural
is false.
number.
propositional
logic, lattice theory

logical n≥4 ∨ n≤
disjunction or join i 2 ⇔ n ≠ 3 when n is
n alattice The statement A ∨ B is true anatural number.
if A or B (or both) are true; if
∨ propositional
both are false, the statement is
logic, lattice theory
false. \

The
(¬A)
statement A ⊕
xor ⊕ B is true when
⊕ A is
always
either A or B,
proposition true, A ⊕
but not both,
al A is
logic, Bool ⊻ are
always
true. A ⊻ B me
ean ||exclusive or false.
ans the same.
algebra

universal
quantification
∀ x: P(x) means P(x) is true for
∀ for all; for any; for
all x.
∀ n ∈ N: n2 ≥ n.
each

predicate logic

existential
quantification ∃ x: P(x) means there is at
∃ there exists
least one x such that P(x) is ∃ n ∈ N: n is even.
true.
predicate logic

uniqueness
quantification ∃! x: P(x) means there is
∃! exactly one x such that P(x) is
there exists exactly true.
∃! n ∈ N: n + 5 = 2n.

one
 predicate logic

definition x := y or x ≡ y means x is
:= defined to be another name cosh x :=
is defined as
for y (but note that ≡ can also (1/2)(exp x +

≡ mean other things, such

as congruence).
exp (−x))

everywhere A XOR B :⇔
P :⇔ Q means P is defined to (A ∨ B) ∧ ¬(A ∧ B)
:⇔ be logically equivalent to Q.

set brackets
{a,b,c} means the set
{,} the set of ...
consisting of a, b, and c.
N = {0,1,2,...}

teori himpunan

set builder notation

{:} {x : P(x)} means the set of
the set of ... such all x for which P(x) is true. {n ∈ N : n2 < 20} =
that ... {x | P(x)} is the same as {0,1,2,3,4}
{|} teori himpunan
{x : P(x)}.

himpunan kosong

∅ himpunan kosong ∅ berarti himpunan yang tidak

{n ∈ N : 1 < n2 <
memiliki elemen. {} juga berarti
4} = ∅
hal yang sama.
teori himpunan
{}
set membership
∈ is an element of; is a ∈ S means a is an element (1/2)−1 ∈ N
not an element of of the set S; a ∉ S means a is
not an element of S. 2−1 ∉ N
∉ everywhere, teori
himpunan

⊆ subset A ⊆ B means every element

is a subset of of A is also element of B.
A ∩ B ⊆ A; Q ⊂ R

⊂ teori himpunan A ⊂ B means A ⊆ B but A ≠ B.

⊇ superset A ⊇ B means every element

is a superset of of B is also element of A.
A ∪ B ⊇ B; R ⊃ Q

⊃ teori himpunan A ⊃ B means A ⊇ B but A ≠ B.

set-theoretic union A ∪ B means the set that

∪ the union of ... and contains all the elements
A⊆B ⇔ A∪B=B
 ...; union from A and also all those
from B, but no others.
teori himpunan

set-theoretic
intersection
A ∩ B means the set that
∩ intersected with; contains all those elements
{x ∈ R : x2 =
1} ∩ N = {1}
intersect that A andB have in common.

teori himpunan

set-theoretic
complement A \ B means the set that
{1,2,3,4} \ {3,4,5,6} =
\ minus; without
contains all those elements
{1,2}
of A that are not in B.
teori himpunan

function application
f(x) berarti nilai fungsi f pada Jika f(x) := x2,
of
elemen x. maka f(3) = 32 = 9.
teori himpunan
()
precedence
grouping Perform the operations inside (8/4)/2 = 2/2 = 1, but
the parentheses first. 8/(4/2) = 8/2 = 4.
umum

function arrow
f: X → Y means the
f:X→ function f maps the set X into
Let f: Z → N be
from ... to
Y teori himpunan
the set Y.
defined by f(x) = x2.

function
composition if f(x) = 2x, and g(x)
fog is the function, such that
o = x + 3, then (fog)(x)
composed with (fog)(x) = f(g(x)).
= 2(x + 3).
teori himpunan

Bilangan asli

N N
N berarti {0,1,2,3,...}, but see
the article on natural numbers {|a| : a ∈ Z} = N
for a different convention.
ℕ Bilangan

Bilangan bulat

Z Z Z berarti
{a : |a| ∈ N} = Z
{...,−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3,...}.

ℤ Bilangan
 Bilangan rasional

Q Q
3.14 ∈ Q
Q berarti {p/q : p,q ∈ Z, q ≠ 0}.
π∉Q
ℚ Bilangan

Bilangan real
π∈R
R R
R berarti {limn→∞ an :
∀ n ∈ N: an ∈ Q, the limit
exists}. √(−1) ∉ R
ℝ Bilangan

Bilangan kompleks

C C
C means {a + bi : a,b ∈ R}. i = √(−1) ∈ C

ℂ Bilangan

infinity ∞ is an element of
the extended number line that
∞ infinity
is greater than all real limx→0 1/|x| = ∞
numbers; it often occurs
numbers
in limits.

pi
π berarti perbandingan (rasio)
A = πr² adalah luas
π pi antara
keliling lingkaran dengan
lingkaran dengan
Euclidean jari-jari (radius) r
diameternya.
geometry

norm
||x|| is the norm of the
|| || norm of; length of element x of a normed vector ||x+y|| ≤ ||x|| + ||y||
space.
linear algebra

summation
∑k=14 k2 = 12 + 22 +
∑k=1n ak means a1 + a2 +
∑ sum over ... from
... to ... of ... + an.
32 + 42 = 1 + 4 + 9 +
16 = 30
aritmatika

product
∏k=14 (k + 2) = (1 +
product over ... 2)(2 + 2)(3 + 2)(4 +
∏k=1n ak means a1a2···an.
∏ from ... to ... of 2) = 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 =
360
aritmatika

Cartesian product ∏i=0nYi means the set of ∏n=13R = Rn

 the Cartesian all (n+1)-tuples (y0,...,yn).
product of; the
direct product of

set theory

derivative
f '(x) is the derivative of the
… prime; If f(x) = x2,
' derivative of …
function f at the point x, i.e.,
then f '(x) = 2x
theslope of the tangent there.
kalkulus

indefinite
integral or antideriv
ative
∫ f(x) dx means a function
indefinite integral ∫x2 dx = x3/3 + C
whose derivative is f.
of …; the
antiderivative of …
∫ kalkulus

definite integral
∫ab f(x) dx means the
integral from ... to signed area between the x-
... of ... with axis and thegraph of ∫0b x2 dx = b3/3;
respect to the function f between x = a an
d x = b.
kalkulus

gradient
∇f (x1, …, xn) is the vector of
del, nabla, gradient If f (x,y,z) = 3xy + z²
∇ of
partial derivatives (df / dx1,
then ∇f = (3y, 3x, 2z)
…, df /dxn).
kalkulus

partial derivative With f (x1, …, xn), ∂f/∂xi is the

derivative of f with respect to If f(x,y) = x2y, then
partial derivative of
xi, with all other variables kept ∂f/∂x = 2xy
kalkulus constant.
∂
boundary
∂{x : ||x|| ≤ 2} =
boundary of ∂M means the boundary of M
{x : || x || = 2}
topology

perpendicular
x ⊥ y means x is perpendicular
If l⊥m and m⊥n then
⊥ is perpendicular to to y; or more generally x is
l || n.
orthogonal to y.
geometri
 bottom element
x = ⊥ means x is the smallest
the bottom element ∀x : x ∧ ⊥ = ⊥
element.
lattice theory

entailment A ⊧ B means the

sentence A entails the
entails
|= sentence B, that is A ⊧ A ∨ ¬A
everymodel in which A is
model theory
true, B is also true.

inference

infers or is derived
from x ⊢ y means y is derived
|- from x.
A → B ⊢ ¬B → ¬A
propositional
logic, predicate
logic

normal subgroup

N ◅ G means that N is a
◅ is a normal
subgroup of normal subgroup of group G.
Z(G) ◅ G

group theory

quotient group {0, a,

G/H means the quotient of
2a, b, b+a, b+2a} /
/ mod group G modulo its
{0, b} = {{0, b},
subgroup H.
group theory {a, b+a}, {2a, b+2a}}

isomorphism Q / {1, −1} ≈ V,

where Q is
G ≈ H means that group G is
≈ isomorphic to group H
the quaternion
is isomorphic to group and V is
the Klein four-group.
 Istilah Matematika Dalam Bahasa Inggris
Berikut beberapa istilah-istilah matematika dalam bahasa Inggris.

 Bilangan Bulat = Integers (Z)

 Bilangan Asli = Natural number (N)
 Bilangan Cacah = Whole number (W)
 Bilangan Genap = Even number
 Bilangan Ganjil = Odd number
 Penjumlahan = Addition
 Pengurangan = Subtraction
 Pembagian = Divisio
 Perkalian = Multiplication
 Sifat asosiatif = Associative principle
 Sifat komutatif = Commutative principle
 Kelipatan persekutuan terkecil (KPK) = Least common multiple
 Faktor persekutuan terbesar (FPB) = Greatest common divisor
 Pecahan = fraction
 Pecahan-pecahan yang senilai dan tidak senilai = Equality and inequality of rational
numbers
 Pecahan campuran = Mixed rational number
 Desimal = Decimals
 Operasi bilangan desimal = The operations of decimals
 Garis bilangan = The number line
 Bentuk baku = Scientific notation
 Pangkat bilangan = Powers of numbers
 Bentuk aljabar = Algebraic forms
 Aritmatika sosial = Social arithmetic
 Persamaan linier = Linear equations
 Variabel = Variable
 Pertidaksamaan linier = Linear inequalities
 Modulus (Pengayaan) = Enrichment
 Perbandingan = Proportion
 Pembilang= Numerator
 Penyebut = Denominator
 Perbandingan seharga = Direct proportion
 Perbandingan berbalik harga = Inverse proportion
 Garis = Lines
 Sudut = Angles
 Derajat = Degrees
 Keliling = Circumference
 Luas = Area
 Sisi = Side
 Sudut dalam = Interior angle
 Himpunan = Sets
 Himpunan semesta = Universal set
 Gabungan himpunan = Union of sets
 Irisan himpunan = Intersection of sets
 Komplemen suatu himpunan = Complement of a set
 Diagram Venn = Venn diagrams
 Himpunan-himpunan yang sama = Equal sets
 Himpunan-himpunan yang ekuivalen = Equivalent sets
 Himpunan-himpunan yang saling lepas (Saling asing) = Disjoint sets