3rd week
Yuli Amalia Husnil, PhD
Table of content
Reactor control system 2
Chemical Reactor
The heart of chemical process
T P
Energi
Selektivitas reaksi
Laju pelepasan
atau penyerapan
panas reaksi
𝑟 = 𝑘 ∙ 𝐶𝐴𝛼 ∙ 𝐶𝐵
𝛽 Laju perubahan
temperatur reaksi
𝐸
𝑘 = 𝑘𝑜 𝑒 − 𝑅𝑇
Laju reaksi
Chemical Reactor
Concentration effect
A
B A+B→C
C+B→D
Katalis
menyediakan
rute alternatif
reaksi dengan
energi aktivasi
yang lebih
rendah. Mengapa A+B→C
bisa?
C+B→D
Reaksi samping
memiliki energi
aktivasi yang lebih
besar
Chemical Reactor
Catalyst and thermal effect
Kenaikan
temperatur
dapat
menaikkan laju
reaksi utama Kenaikan temperatur
(misalnya 5%) dapat menaikkan laju
reaksi samping lebih
A+B→C besar dari kenaikan
laju reaksi utama
(misalnya 2 kali lebih
C+B→D
besar)
Selektivitas
reaksi menurun
Chemical Reactor control system
Plug flow reactor, adiabatic, exothermic
Air bertekanan
dialirkan untuk
menyerap energi
hasil reaksi
Katalis
Chemical Reactor control system
Plug flow reactor, non-adiabatic, exothermic
Temperatur telah
turun karena laju
reaksi berkurang
akibat reaktan yang
menipis
Tidak semuanya
terkonversi
menjadi steam
Steam drum
Steam drum
Menentukan set
point tekanan di
steam drum
Chemical Reactor control system
Plug flow reactor, non-adiabatic, exothermic
Alternatif 2
Menentukan set
point temperatur
inlet reaktor
Chemical Reactor control system
Plug flow reactor, non-adiabatic, exothermic
Alternatif 3
Menentukan set
point laju alir
limiting reactant
Chemical Reactor control system
Continuous stirred tank reactor: perfect back mixing
CW in
CW out
Reactor outlet
Chemical Reactor control system
Continuous stirred tank reactor: multiple steady-state
Heat absorbed
Heat generated C
Pada steady-state:
Heat absorbed = heat generated
Panas
Temperatur reaksi
Chemical Reactor control system
Continuous stirred tank reactor: multiple steady-state
Heat absorbed
Heat generated C
Temperatur terlalu B
rendah, laju reaksi CSTR beroperasi
rendah di sini
A
A dan C = stable steady-state
B = unstable steady-state
Temperatur reaksi
Chemical Reactor control system
Simplest CSTR control
TT TC-1
Reactor inlet
CW in
CW out
Reactor outlet
Chemical Reactor control system
CSTR temperature control with cooling water circulation
TT TC-1
Reactor inlet
CW in
Reactor outlet
Chemical Reactor control system
Cascade CSTR temperature control
TT TC-1
Reactor inlet
Y
TT TC-1
CW in
Reactor outlet
Chemical Reactor control system
Cascade CSTR temperature control
Mengapa
TC-1
tekanan?
Reactor inlet
PC-1 TT
To low-pressure
steam header
LC-1
CW in
Reactor outlet
Chemical Reactor control system
Cascade CSTR temperature control with heat exchanger
Membagi satu
controller kepada dua
final control element
Chemical Reactor control system
Cascade CSTR temperature control with cooling coil