Gambar 4.2
Zat cair yang digunakan umumnya raksa atau alcohol jenis tertentu. Raksa
memiliki keistimewaan, yaitu warnanya mengkilat dan cepat bereaksi terhadap perubahan
suhu. Selain itu, raksa membeku pada suhu rendah (-38oC) dan mendidih pada suhu yang
tinggi (lebih dari 350oC) sehingga dapat mengukur suhu pada rentang suhu yang lebar.
Namun, raksa sangat beracun, sehingga berbahaya jika thermometer pecah.
Alcohol untuk pengisi thermometer biasanya berisi pewarna biru dan merah.
Rentang suhu yang dapat diukur bergantung jenis alcohol yang digunakan, contohnya:
Toluene, dengan rentang -90oC hingga 100oC
Ethyl alcohol, dengan rentang -110oC hingga 100oC
Alkohol tidak seberbahaya raksa dan mudah menguap, sehingga lebih aman
digunakan sebagai pengisi thermometer.
a. Thermometer laboratorium
Bentuknya panjang dengan skala dari -10oC sampai 110oC menggunakan
raksa, atau alcohol.
Gambar 4.3
Gambar 4.4
The temperature of an object is the level (degree) of heat of an object. A hot object have
higher degrees of heat rather than cool objects.
1. Types of thermometer
A. Thermometer liquid
In General, objects in nature will expand (its size gets larger) if the temperature
rises. This fact is utilized to make the thermometer from the liquid. A liquid located at
capillary tube of glass that has a part a depository ( a reservoir / squash ).
GAMBAR 4.2
A liquid substance used generally mercury or alcohol a specified kind. Mercury
has privileges, i.e. the colour is shiny and quickly react to changes in temperature. In
addition, the mercury freezes at a low temperature (-38oC) and boils at high
temperatures (over 350oC) so that it can measure temperature in a wide temperature
range. But, mercury is highly toxic, so dangerous if thermometer broken.
Alcohol to filler thermometer usually contains dye blue and red. The temperature
range can be measured depend the type of alcohol that is used, for example:
Toluene, with a range up to -90oC-100oC
Ethyl alcohol, with the range-up to -110oC-100oC
Alcohol not dangerous mercury and volatile, so it is more safe to be used as a filler
thermometer.
a. Laboratory thermometers
The shape is long with a scale from -10oC to 110oC using mercury, or
alcohol.
GAMBAR 4.3
b. A thermometer the temperature of a body
This thermometer is used to measure the temperature of the human body.
A scale written between 35oC and 42oC. A pipe at the bottom near squash made
narrow so measurement in greater detail due to mercury not immediately down to
squash / a reservoir.
GAMBAR 4.4