MK Nef Slide Acute Renal Failure PDF
MK Nef Slide Acute Renal Failure PDF
(ARF)
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“GAGAL GINJAL AKUT”
(GGA)
DEFINISI:
KEADAAN KLINIS DIMANA FS GINJAL
(GLOM. FILTRATION RATE = GFR)
GGL M’PERTAHANKAN HOMEOSTASIS:
- FLUIDS
- ELECTROLYTES
- HASIL AKHIR METABOLISME PROT
A. RENALIS
V. RENALIS
PEMBAGIAN PENYEBAB ARF
1. FUNCTIONAL ( PRE-RENAL):
A. DEHIDRASI
B. NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
C. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
D. HIPOTENSI:
- NEONATAL ASPHYXIA
- HEMORRHAGE
- SEPTIC SHOCK
2. ORGANIC (RENAL PARENCHYMAL INJURY)
A. AGN
B. HUS
C. PURPURA FULMINANS
D. HYPERURICEMIA
E. ACUTE TUBULAR/ CORT. NECROSIS
F. ART./ VENA RENALIS THROMBOSIS
G. CONGENITAL MALFORMATION
H. MYOGLOBINURIA/ HEMOGLOBINURIA
I. NEPHROTOXIC DRUGS
3. OBSTRUCTIVE (POST RENAL)
A. UROLITHIASIS
B. HYDRONEPHROSIS
C. RENAL DYSPLASIA
D. KERACUNAN JENGKOL
BEDA ANTARA FUNCTIONAL DAN ORGANIC
ARF:
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YANG DIUKUR FUNC. ORG.
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KONSENT. URINE HIGH ISOTONIC
URINE OSM. (mOSM) > 320 < 310
URINE SOD. (mEQ/L) < 30 > 30
Na/K IN URINE <1 >1
U/P UREA NITROGEN > 20 < 10
U/P KREATININ > 20 < 15
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PATOFISIOLOGI ARF:
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PRIMARY EVENT EFEK KONSEKUENSI
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WATER RETENSION HIPONATREMI EDEMA OTAK
KEJANG
SOD.RETENTION EKSPANSI ECF HIPERTENSI
EDEMA PARU
POT. RETENTION HIPERKALEMI ARITMIA, CARD.
ARREST
H+ RETENTION ASIDOSIS HIPERKALEMI
MISAL:
ANAK 10 KG
1000 KAL
20% = 200 KAL
BSA = 0.5 M2
0.5 X 400 = 200 KAL
2.3. M’P’BAIKI KESEIMBANGAN ELEKTROLIT
A) KELEBIHAN KALIUM / HIPERKALEMIA
- CALCIUM GLUCONAS 10%
0.5 mEQ / KG / IV
TOXIC EFFECT KALIUM PD COR
- HYPERTONIC SOD. BIC. 7.5%, 3 mEQ/KG:
↑ pH DARAH K+ MASUK KE SEL
↓ K+ DALAM DARAH
- GLUCOSE & INSULIN:
50% GLUCOSE 1 ML / KG
INSULIN 1 U / ML
M’P’CEPAT SINTESA GLIKOGEN
UPTAKE K+ ↑ ↓ K+ DARAH
- CATION EXCHANGED RESIN
(SOD. POLYSTERENE SULFONATE =
KAYEXALATE)
DOSIS: 1 G RESIN DPT 1 mEQ K+
(1 G DILARUTKAN DLM 3-4 ML 5% DX)
VIA NGT ATAU RECTAL TUBE
BISA 1 - 4 X PER HARI
- LAR. ASAM AMINO
* YG MENGANDUNG HISTIDIN
* M’STABILISER & ME BUN
* ME KADAR KALIUM
* ME KADAR PHOSPHATE
* DOSIS: 0.5-3 G / KG / HARI
DISERTAI ELIMINASI K DLM DIETNYA
B) HIPONATREMI
- KADAR NATR. OK ECF
- HIPONATREMI RINGAN: LAMBAT
- HIPONATREMI BERAT: SEGERA
(< 120 mEQ/L)
- PAKAI RUMUS UMUM:
(Cd - Ca) X fd X BB (KG)
= mEQ YANG PERLU
fd NATRIUM = 0.7
2.8. DIALYSIS
* INDIKASI YG DIANJURKAN:
- FLUID OVERLOAD REFRACT. TO MEDICINE
MANAGEMENT ASS. WITH HYPERT. CHF
- HYPERKALEMIA REFRACT. TO MEDICINE
- ACIDOSIS REFRACT. TO MEDICINE
- SEVERE HYPONATREMIA
- SYMPTOMATIC UREMIA
- RAPIDLY BUN, CREATININE
- SUPPORTIVE DIALYSIS (PARENT.NUTRITION)
* DIALYSIS BERSAMA ICU
B. FASE DIURETIC
- URINE O.P MULAI PROGRESIF
- CAIRAN DAN DIET TIDAK DIBATASI
(HATI-HATI BISA DEHIDRASI)
C. FASE PENYEMBUHAN
- FUNGSI KEMBALI N, T’GANTUNG:
* PENYEBAB RF
* SEVERITY
* CEPAT PENGOBATAN
* ADEKUAT PENGOBATAN
- MORTALITY ± 20%
PENYEBAB T’BANYAK:
SEPSIS, RESP. FAILURE, CARD. FAILURE &
BRAIN DAMAGED
TERIMA KASIH